Protein-lysine 6-oxidase

Details

Name
Protein-lysine 6-oxidase
Synonyms
  • 1.4.3.13
  • Lysyl oxidase
Gene Name
LOX
UniProtKB Entry
P28300Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0049444|Protein-lysine 6-oxidase
MRFAWTVLLLGPLQLCALVHCAPPAAGQQQPPREPPAAPGAWRQQIQWENNGQVFSLLSL
GSQYQPQRRRDPGAAVPGAANASAQQPRTPILLIRDNRTAAARTRTAGSSGVTAGRPRPT
ARHWFQAGYSTSRAREAGASRAENQTAPGEVPALSNLRPPSRVDGMVGDDPYNPYKYSDD
NPYYNYYDTYERPRPGGRYRPGYGTGYFQYGLPDLVADPYYIQASTYVQKMSMYNLRCAA
EENCLASTAYRADVRDYDHRVLLRFPQRVKNQGTSDFLPSRPRYSWEWHSCHQHYHSMDE
FSHYDLLDANTQRRVAEGHKASFCLEDTSCDYGYHRRFACTAHTQGLSPGCYDTYGADID
CQWIDITDVKPGNYILKVSVNPSYLVPESDYTNNVVRCDIRYTGHHAYASGCTISPY
Number of residues
417
Molecular Weight
46943.67
Theoretical pI
Not Available
GO Classification
Functions
collagen binding / molecular adaptor activity / small molecule binding
Processes
ascending aorta development / bone mineralization / cell chemotaxis / cellular response to chemokine / connective tissue development / descending aorta development / DNA biosynthetic process / muscle cell cellular homeostasis / muscle cell development / negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / osteoblast differentiation / peptidyl-lysine oxidation / platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway / protein modification process / regulation of apoptotic process / regulation of bone development / regulation of gene expression / regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway / regulation of protein phosphorylation / regulation of striated muscle tissue development / regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway / response to xenobiotic stimulus
Components
collagen-containing extracellular matrix
General Function
Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin (PubMed:26838787). Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture (By similarity)
Specific Function
Collagen binding
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
1-21
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0049445|Protein-lysine 6-oxidase (LOX)
ATGCGCTTCGCCTGGACCGTGCTCCTGCTCGGGCCTTTGCAGCTCTGCGCGCTAGTGCAC
TGCGCCCCTCCCGCCGCCGGCCAACAGCAGCCCCCGCGCGAGCCGCCGGCGGCTCCGGGC
GCCTGGCGCCAGCAGATCCAATGGGAGAACAACGGGCAGGTGTTCAGCTTGCTGAGCCTG
GGCTCACAGTACCAGCCTCAGCGCCGCCGGGACCCGGGCGCCGCCGTCCCTGGTGCAGCC
AACGCCTCCGCCCAGCAGCCCCGCACTCCGATCCTGCTGATCCGCGACAACCGCACCGCC
GCGGCGCGAACGCGGACGGCCGGCTCATCTGGAGTCACCGCTGGCCGCCCCAGGCCCACC
GCCCGTCACTGGTTCCAAGCTGGCTACTCGACATCTAGAGCCCGCGAAGCTGGCGCCTCG
CGCGCGGAGAACCAGACAGCGCCGGGAGAAGTTCCTGCGCTCAGTAACCTGCGGCCGCCC
AGCCGCGTGGACGGCATGGTGGGCGACGACCCTTACAACCCCTACAAGTACTCTGACGAC
AACCCTTATTACAACTACTACGATACTTATGAAAGGCCCAGACCTGGGGGCAGGTACCGG
CCCGGATACGGCACTGGCTACTTCCAGTACGGTCTCCCAGACCTGGTGGCCGACCCCTAC
TACATCCAGGCGTCCACGTACGTGCAGAAGATGTCCATGTACAACCTGAGATGCGCGGCG
GAGGAAAACTGTCTGGCCAGTACAGCATACAGGGCAGATGTCAGAGATTATGATCACAGG
GTGCTGCTCAGATTTCCCCAAAGAGTGAAAAACCAAGGGACATCAGATTTCTTACCCAGC
CGACCAAGATATTCCTGGGAATGGCACAGTTGTCATCAACATTACCACAGTATGGATGAG
TTTAGCCACTATGACCTGCTTGATGCCAACACCCAGAGGAGAGTGGCTGAAGGCCACAAA
GCAAGTTTCTGTCTTGAAGACACATCCTGTGACTATGGCTACCACAGGCGATTTGCATGT
ACTGCACACACACAGGGATTGAGTCCTGGCTGTTATGATACCTATGGTGCAGACATAGAC
TGCCAGTGGATTGATATTACAGATGTAAAACCTGGAAACTATATCCTAAAGGTCAGTGTA
AACCCCAGCTACCTGGTTCCTGAATCTGACTATACCAACAATGTTGTGCGCTGTGACATT
CGCTACACAGGACATCATGCGTATGCCTCAGGCTGCACAATTTCACCGTATTAG
Chromosome Location
5
Locus
5q23.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP28300
UniProtKB Entry NameLYOX_HUMAN
GeneCard IDLOX
HGNC IDHGNC:6664
KEGG IDhsa:4015
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID3097
NCBI Gene ID4015
General References
  1. Hamalainen ER, Jones TA, Sheer D, Taskinen K, Pihlajaniemi T, Kivirikko KI: Molecular cloning of human lysyl oxidase and assignment of the gene to chromosome 5q23.3-31.2. Genomics. 1991 Nov;11(3):508-16. [Article]
  2. Mariani TJ, Trackman PC, Kagan HM, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Boyd CD, Deak SB: The complete derived amino acid sequence of human lysyl oxidase and assignment of the gene to chromosome 5 (extensive sequence homology with the murine ras recision gene). Matrix. 1992 Jun;12(3):242-8. [Article]
  3. Kim Y, Boyd CD, Csiszar K: A new gene with sequence and structural similarity to the gene encoding human lysyl oxidase. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 31;270(13):7176-82. [Article]
  4. Contente S, Kenyon K, Sriraman P, Subramanyan S, Friedman RM: Epigenetic inhibition of lysyl oxidase transcription after transformation by ras oncogene. Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Apr;194(1-2):79-91. [Article]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Hamalainen ER, Kemppainen R, Pihlajaniemi T, Kivirikko KI: Structure of the human lysyl oxidase gene. Genomics. 1993 Sep;17(3):544-8. [Article]
  8. Svinarich DM, Twomey TA, Macauley SP, Krebs CJ, Yang TP, Krawetz SA: Characterization of the human lysyl oxidase gene locus. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 15;267(20):14382-7. [Article]
  9. Pilecki B, Holm AT, Schlosser A, Moeller JB, Wohl AP, Zuk AV, Heumuller SE, Wallis R, Moestrup SK, Sengle G, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL: Characterization of Microfibrillar-associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) as a Tropoelastin- and Fibrillin-binding Protein Involved in Elastic Fiber Formation. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jan 15;291(3):1103-14. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.681775. Epub 2015 Nov 24. [Article]
  10. Csiszar K, Mariani TJ, Gosin JS, Deak SB, Boyd CD: A restriction fragment length polymorphism results in a nonconservative amino acid substitution encoded within the first exon of the human lysyl oxidase gene. Genomics. 1993 May;16(2):401-6. [Article]
  11. Guo DC, Regalado ES, Gong L, Duan X, Santos-Cortez RL, Arnaud P, Ren Z, Cai B, Hostetler EM, Moran R, Liang D, Estrera A, Safi HJ, Leal SM, Bamshad MJ, Shendure J, Nickerson DA, Jondeau G, Boileau C, Milewicz DM: LOX Mutations Predispose to Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. Circ Res. 2016 Mar 18;118(6):928-34. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.307130. Epub 2016 Jan 12. [Article]
  12. Lee VS, Halabi CM, Hoffman EP, Carmichael N, Leshchiner I, Lian CG, Bierhals AJ, Vuzman D, Mecham RP, Frank NY, Stitziel NO: Loss of function mutation in LOX causes thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 2;113(31):8759-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601442113. Epub 2016 Jul 18. [Article]

Associated Data

Bio-Entities
Bio-EntityType
Protein-lysine 6-oxidase (Humans)protein
primary
Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
Copperapproved, investigationalunknownenzymecofactorDetails
Cupric sulfateapprovedunknownenzymeinducerDetails