Interleukin-15

Details

Name
Interleukin-15
Synonyms
  • IL-15
Gene Name
IL15
UniProtKB Entry
P40933Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0006758|Interleukin-15
MRISKPHLRSISIQCYLCLLLNSHFLTEAGIHVFILGCFSAGLPKTEANWVNVISDLKKI
EDLIQSMHIDATLYTESDVHPSCKVTAMKCFLLELQVISLESGDASIHDTVENLIILANN
SLSSNGNVTESGCKECEELEEKNIKEFLQSFVHIVQMFINTS
Number of residues
162
Molecular Weight
18085.655
Theoretical pI
4.96
GO Classification
Functions
cytokine activity
Processes
cell maturation / cell-cell signaling / extrathymic T cell selection / immune response / lymph node development / natural killer cell differentiation / NK T cell proliferation / positive regulation of immune response / positive regulation of inflammatory response / positive regulation of interleukin-17 production / positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation / positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation / positive regulation of protein O-linked glycosylation / positive regulation of T cell proliferation / positive regulation of tissue remodeling / regulation of defense response to virus by host / regulation of T cell differentiation / signal transduction
Components
cytoplasm / endosome / extracellular region / extracellular space / Golgi apparatus / nucleoplasm
General Function
Cytokine that plays a major role in the development of inflammatory and protective immune responses to microbial invaders and parasites by modulating immune cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems (PubMed:15123770). Stimulates the proliferation of natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells and promotes the secretion of several cytokines (PubMed:8178155, PubMed:9326248). In monocytes, induces the production of IL8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CCL2, two chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes respectively to sites of infection (PubMed:9326248). Unlike most cytokines, which are secreted in soluble form, IL15 is expressed in association with its high affinity IL15RA on the surface of IL15-producing cells and delivers signals to target cells that express IL2RB and IL2RG receptor subunits (PubMed:10233906, PubMed:23104097, PubMed:8026467). Binding to its receptor triggers the phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 and the recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/STAT3 and STAT5 (PubMed:7568001). In mast cells, induces the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6 and thereby controls mast cell survival and release of cytokines such as IL4 (By similarity)
Specific Function
cytokine activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
1-29
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Secreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0020696|Interleukin-15 (IL15)
ATGAGAATTTCGAAACCACATTTGAGAAGTATTTCCATCCAGTGCTACTTGTGTTTACTT
CTAAACAGTCATTTTCTAACTGAAGCTGGCATTCATGTCTTCATTTTGGGCTGTTTCAGT
GCAGGGCTTCCTAAAACAGAAGCCAACTGGGTGAATGTAATAAGTGATTTGAAAAAAATT
GAAGATCTTATTCAATCTATGCATATTGATGCTACTTTATATACGGAAAGTGATGTTCAC
CCCAGTTGCAAAGTAACAGCAATGAAGTGCTTTCTCTTGGAGTTACAAGTTATTTCACTT
GAGTCCGGAGATGCAAGTATTCATGATACAGTAGAAAATCTGATCATCCTAGCAAACAAC
AGTTTGTCTTCTAATGGGAATGTAACAGAATCTGGATGCAAAGAATGTGAGGAACTGGAG
GAAAAAAATATTAAAGAATTTTTGCAGAGTTTTGTACATATTGTCCAAATGTTCATCAAC
ACTTCTTGA
Chromosome Location
4
Locus
4q31.21
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP40933
UniProtKB Entry NameIL15_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDZ38000
GeneCard IDIL15
GenAtlas IDIL15
HGNC IDHGNC:5977
PDB ID(s)2XQB, 2Z3Q, 2Z3R, 4GS7
KEGG IDhsa:3600
NCBI Gene ID3600
General References
  1. Grabstein KH, Eisenman J, Shanebeck K, Rauch C, Srinivasan S, Fung V, Beers C, Richardson J, Schoenborn MA, Ahdieh M, et al.: Cloning of a T cell growth factor that interacts with the beta chain of the interleukin-2 receptor. Science. 1994 May 13;264(5161):965-8. [Article]
  2. Krause H, Jandrig B, Wernicke C, Bulfone-Paus S, Pohl T, Diamantstein T: Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human interleukin 15 gene (IL-15). Cytokine. 1996 Sep;8(9):667-74. [Article]
  3. Meazza R, Verdiani S, Biassoni R, Coppolecchia M, Gaggero A, Orengo AM, Colombo MP, Azzarone B, Ferrini S: Identification of a novel interleukin-15 (IL-15) transcript isoform generated by alternative splicing in human small cell lung cancer cell lines. Oncogene. 1996 May 16;12(10):2187-92. [Article]
  4. Tagaya Y, Kurys G, Thies TA, Losi JM, Azimi N, Hanover JA, Bamford RN, Waldmann TA: Generation of secretable and nonsecretable interleukin 15 isoforms through alternate usage of signal peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14444-9. [Article]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Lowe DC, Gerhardt S, Ward A, Hargreaves D, Anderson M, Ferraro F, Pauptit RA, Pattison DV, Buchanan C, Popovic B, Finch DK, Wilkinson T, Sleeman M, Vaughan TJ, Mallinder PR: Engineering a high-affinity anti-IL-15 antibody: crystal structure reveals an alpha-helix in VH CDR3 as key component of paratope. J Mol Biol. 2011 Feb 11;406(1):160-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.12.017. Epub 2010 Dec 16. [Article]

Associated Data

Bio-Entities
Bio-EntityType
Interleukin-15 (Humans)protein
primary
Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
CefazolinapprovedunknowntargetinhibitorDetails