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Fumaric acid

Valerian

Valerian root is reported to have sedative and anxiolytic effects however its mechanism of action is not completely understood. … Valerian is a food ingredient permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a natural flavoring substance.

Docusate

Docusate acts by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass [L1801]. Docusate can be orally or rectally administered. … However the effectiveness of docusate in treating constipation remains unclear, as several studies report docusate to be no more effective than placebo for increasing the frequency of stool or stool softening

Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor

Human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor or alpha-1-antitrypsin, prepared from human plasma via Cohn alcohol fractionation followed by PEG and zinc chloride fractionation.

Bromelains

It works by selectively inhibiting the biosynthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins [A27197] and also has analgesic properties, as well as anticancerous and pro-apoptotic effects.

Nimesulide

Nimesulide is a relatively COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. … Due to concerns about the risk of hepatotoxicity, nimesulide has been withdrawn from market in many countries.

Oxycodone

[Label] The first oxycodone containing product, Percodan, was approved by the FDA on April 12, 1950.[L6460] … [A178696] It is currently indicated as an immediate release product for moderate to severe pain and as an extended release product for chronic moderate to severe pain requiring continuous opioid analgesics

Flurbiprofen

Flurbiprofen may also be used topically prior to ocular surgery to prevent or reduce intraoperative miosis. … Flurbiprofen is structurally and pharmacologically related to fenoprofen, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen.

Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is an injectable form of vitamin B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat vitamin B 12 deficiency.

Metoprolol

[A175162] Metoprolol was developed since 1969 by US Pharmaceutical Holdings I and FDA approved in 1978.[L5527] … [T274] To this date, it is one of the preferred beta-blockers in general clinical guidelines and it is widely prescribed in the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the US.