In vitro characterization of the human biotransformation pathways of aplidine, a novel marine anti-cancer drug.
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Brandon EF, Sparidans RW, van Ooijen RD, Meijerman I, Lazaro LL, Manzanares I, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH
In vitro characterization of the human biotransformation pathways of aplidine, a novel marine anti-cancer drug.
Invest New Drugs. 2007 Feb;25(1):9-19.
- PubMed ID
- 16633717 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Aplidine is a potent marine anti-cancer drug and is currently being investigated in phase II clinical trials. However, the enzymes involved in the biotransformation of aplidine and thus its pharmacokinetics are not known yet. To assess the biotransformation pathways of aplidine and their potential implications for human pharmacology and toxicology, the in vitro metabolism of aplidine was characterized using incubations with human plasma, liver preparations, cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) supersomes in combination with HPLC analysis and cytotoxicity assays with cell lines. Aplidine was metabolised by carboxyl esterases in human plasma. Using CYP supersomes and liver microsomes, it was shown that aplidine was metabolised mainly by CYP3A4 and also by CYP2A6, 2E1 and 4A11. Four metabolites were observed after incubation with human liver microsomes, one formed by CYP2A6 (C-demethylation) and three by CYP3A4 (hydroxylation and/or C-dealkylation). No conjugation was observed in human liver S9 fraction. However, the aplidine metabolites formed by CYP were further conjugated by the phase II enzymes UGT, GST and SULT. In accordance with the findings in microsomes and CYP supersomes, a significant effect of specific CYP2A6, 2E1, 3A4 and 4A11 inhibitors on the cytotoxicity of aplidine in Hep G2 and IGROV-1 cells could be observed. These results provide evidence that CYP3A4 has a major role in metabolising aplidine in vitro with additional involvement of CYP2A6, 2E1, and 4A11. Further, the metabolites formed by CYPs can be conjugated by UGT, SULT and GST. These findings could help interpret the in vivo pharmacokinetics of aplidine.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Plitidepsin Cytochrome P450 2A6 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails Plitidepsin Cytochrome P450 2E1 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails Plitidepsin Cytochrome P450 3A4 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails Plitidepsin Cytochrome P450 4A11 Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails