Acetoacetic acid

Overview

DrugBank ID
DB01762
Type
Small Molecule
US Approved
NO
Other Approved
NO
Clinical Trials
Phase 0
0
Phase 1
0
Phase 2
0
Phase 3
0
Phase 4
0

Identification

Generic Name
Acetoacetic acid
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01762
Background

Not Available

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Experimental
Structure
Weight
Average: 102.0886
Monoisotopic: 102.031694058
Chemical Formula
C4H6O3
Synonyms
  • 3-ketobutanoic acid
  • 3-Ketobutyric acid
  • 3-Oxobutanoic acid
  • 3-Oxobutyric acid
  • beta-Ketobutyric acid

Pharmacology

Indication

Not Available

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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action
TargetActionsOrganism
UFumarylacetoacetaseNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Tyrosine MetabolismMetabolic
Butyrate MetabolismMetabolic
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutryl-CoA Dehydrogenase DeficiencyDisease
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IDisease
beta-Ketothiolase DeficiencyDisease
Tyrosinemia Type IDisease
Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3)Disease
Disulfiram Action PathwayDrug action
Fatty Acid BiosynthesisMetabolic
Isovaleric AcidemiaDisease
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine MetabolismMetabolic
Ketone Body MetabolismMetabolic
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase DeficiencyDisease
AlkaptonuriaDisease
HawkinsinuriaDisease
Methylmalonic AciduriaDisease
Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome)Disease
Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the NewbornDisease
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase DeficiencyDisease
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase DeficiencyDisease
Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A)Disease
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine DegradationMetabolic
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IIIDisease
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IVDisease
Maple Syrup Urine DiseaseDisease
PhenylketonuriaDisease
Propionic AcidemiaDisease
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency Type IDisease
Isovaleric AciduriaDisease
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase DeficiencyDisease
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions
Not Available

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Keto acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Beta-keto acids and derivatives / Beta-hydroxy ketones / 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
1,3-dicarbonyl compound / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Beta-hydroxy ketone / Beta-keto acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
3-oxo monocarboxylic acid, ketone body (CHEBI:15344) / Oxo fatty acids (C00164) / Oxo fatty acids (LMFA01060003)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
4ZI204Y1MC
CAS number
541-50-4
InChI Key
WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7/h2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)
IUPAC Name
3-oxobutanoic acid
SMILES
CC(=O)CC(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Erik Herkenrath, "Process for the production of 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-methyl-7-acetoacetic acid amido-quinoline." U.S. Patent US4064131, issued July, 1956.

US4064131
General References
  1. Martin PM, Gopal E, Ananth S, Zhuang L, Itagaki S, Prasad BM, Smith SB, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V: Identity of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) as a neuron-specific Na+-coupled transporter for active uptake of L-lactate and ketone bodies in the brain. J Neurochem. 2006 Jul;98(1):279-88. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0000060
KEGG Compound
C00164
PubChem Compound
96
PubChem Substance
46505003
ChemSpider
94
ChEBI
15344
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1230762
ZINC
ZINC000000895089
PDBe Ligand
AAE
Wikipedia
Acetoacetic_acid
PDB Entries
1e3w / 1fcp / 1qco / 1ujw / 1ysl / 2fcp / 2y7g / 3i09 / 3vdr / 6as5
show 4 more

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
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PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCountStart DateWhy Stopped100+ additional columns

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
Not Available
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)36.5 °CPhysProp
water solubility1E+006 mg/L (at 20 °C)YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
pKa3.59 (at 0 °C)KORTUM,G ET AL (1961)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility240.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.47ALOGPS
logP-0.0015Chemaxon
logS0.37ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.02Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.5Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity22.54 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability9.18 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9817
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9678
Caco-2 permeable-0.5194
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.7736
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9274
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9567
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9551
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8049
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9101
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7798
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9394
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9777
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9614
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9582
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9731
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9924
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9424
CarcinogenicityCarcinogens 0.5436
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.9425
Rat acute toxicity1.8971 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9632
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9825
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)GC-MSsplash10-00kk-3940000000-008eb78d2ba3cfa053b4
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-000i-9500000000-c3940e591f8aef9d6aac
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 1 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-000i-9800000000-67a95675672c3f5447a7
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-001i-4950000000-1778836b3908a79b814f
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)GC-MSsplash10-001i-4950000000-4039bb48c98ec17b5c0c
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-9f6c0d100736f4d183c9
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOFGC-MSsplash10-00kk-3940000000-008eb78d2ba3cfa053b4
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-000i-9500000000-c3940e591f8aef9d6aac
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-000i-9800000000-67a95675672c3f5447a7
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-001i-4950000000-1778836b3908a79b814f
GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSGC-MSsplash10-001i-4950000000-4039bb48c98ec17b5c0c
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-9200000000-9b4ab7b6a41632cb125b
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-6900000000-cfab9d4cdb56acafe8cc
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pb9-9800000000-108aa5ef93455fb1ba28
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-9100000000-869e2338bbadb32272d4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-7897ddee251128e87b0b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-cce92c942588356a94b0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-87f0fd9dae1765afbfdc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-27d067eafe6594c83d9f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-9000000000-da4895c0efa75f26e1bf
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-a8c712bf58b04ccb0420
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-114.9697629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-114.8443629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-125.26903
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+115.9002629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+114.7099629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+128.03123
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+114.8130629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+115.0199629
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+136.45262
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
fumarylacetoacetase activity
Gene Name
FAH
Uniprot ID
P16930
Uniprot Name
Fumarylacetoacetase
Molecular Weight
46373.97 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Proton-coupled monocarboxylate symporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of monocarboxylates such as L-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (PubMed:32415067, PubMed:9786900). Dimerization is functionally required and both subunits work cooperatively in transporting substrate (PubMed:32415067)
Specific Function
identical protein binding
Gene Name
SLC16A7
Uniprot ID
O60669
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 2
Molecular Weight
52199.745 Da
References
  1. Broer S, Broer A, Schneider HP, Stegen C, Halestrap AP, Deitmer JW: Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J. 1999 Aug 1;341 ( Pt 3):529-35. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Bidirectional proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter (PubMed:12946269, PubMed:32946811, PubMed:33333023). Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and the ketone bodies acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and thus contributes to the maintenance of intracellular pH (PubMed:12946269, PubMed:33333023). The transport direction is determined by the proton motive force and the concentration gradient of the substrate monocarboxylate. MCT1 is a major lactate exporter (By similarity). Plays a role in cellular responses to a high-fat diet by modulating the cellular levels of lactate and pyruvate that contribute to the regulation of central metabolic pathways and insulin secretion, with concomitant effects on plasma insulin levels and blood glucose homeostasis (By similarity). Facilitates the protonated monocarboxylate form of succinate export, that its transient protonation upon muscle cell acidification in exercising muscle and ischemic heart (PubMed:32946811). Functions via alternate outward- and inward-open conformation states. Protonation and deprotonation of 309-Asp is essential for the conformational transition (PubMed:33333023)
Specific Function
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID
P53985
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 1
Molecular Weight
53943.685 Da
References
  1. Broer S, Rahman B, Pellegri G, Pellerin L, Martin JL, Verleysdonk S, Hamprecht B, Magistretti PJ: Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of two different monocarboxylate transporters in astroglial cells and neurons. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30096-102. [Article]
  2. Broer S, Schneider HP, Broer A, Rahman B, Hamprecht B, Deitmer JW: Characterization of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by changes in cytosolic pH. Biochem J. 1998 Jul 1;333 ( Pt 1):167-74. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Proton-dependent transporter of monocarboxylates such as L-lactate and pyruvate (PubMed:11101640, PubMed:23935841, PubMed:31719150). Plays a predominant role in L-lactate efflux from highly glycolytic cells (By similarity)
Specific Function
lactate
Gene Name
SLC16A3
Uniprot ID
O15427
Uniprot Name
Monocarboxylate transporter 4
Molecular Weight
49468.9 Da
References
  1. Manning Fox JE, Meredith D, Halestrap AP: Characterisation of human monocarboxylate transporter 4 substantiates its role in lactic acid efflux from skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2000 Dec 1;529 Pt 2:285-93. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Acts as an electrogenic sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl-)-dependent sodium-coupled solute transporter, including transport of monocarboxylates (short-chain fatty acids including L-lactate, D-lactate, pyruvate, acetate, propionate, valerate and butyrate), mocarboxylate drugs (nicotinate, benzoate, salicylate and 5-aminosalicylate) and ketone bodies (beta-D-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and alpha-ketoisocaproate), with a Na(+):substrate stoichiometry of between 4:1 and 2:1 (PubMed:14966140, PubMed:15090606, PubMed:16729224, PubMed:16805814, PubMed:17178845, PubMed:17245649, PubMed:17526579, PubMed:20211600, PubMed:30604288). Catalyzes passive carrier mediated diffusion of iodide (PubMed:12107270). Mediates iodide transport from the thyrocyte into the colloid lumen through the apical membrane (PubMed:12107270). May be responsible for the absorption of D-lactate and monocarboxylate drugs from the intestinal tract (PubMed:17245649). Acts as a tumor suppressor, suppressing colony formation in colon cancer, prostate cancer and glioma cell lines (PubMed:12829793, PubMed:15867356, PubMed:18037591). May play a critical role in the entry of L-lactate and ketone bodies into neurons by a process driven by an electrochemical Na(+) gradient and hence contribute to the maintenance of the energy status and function of neurons (PubMed:16805814). Mediates sodium-coupled electrogenic transport of pyroglutamate (5-oxo-L-proline) (PubMed:20211600). Can mediate the transport of chloride, bromide, iodide and nitrate ions when the external concentration of sodium ions is reduced (PubMed:19864324)
Specific Function
lactate transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name
SLC5A8
Uniprot ID
Q8N695
Uniprot Name
Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1
Molecular Weight
66577.005 Da
References
  1. Martin PM, Gopal E, Ananth S, Zhuang L, Itagaki S, Prasad BM, Smith SB, Prasad PD, Ganapathy V: Identity of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) as a neuron-specific Na+-coupled transporter for active uptake of L-lactate and ketone bodies in the brain. J Neurochem. 2006 Jul;98(1):279-88. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:52