Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Generic Name
- 1,4-Dithiothreitol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB04447
- Background
A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols. [PubChem]
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Experimental
- Structure
Structure for 1,4-Dithiothreitol (DB04447)
- Weight
- Average: 154.251
Monoisotopic: 154.012220944 - Chemical Formula
- C4H10O2S2
- Synonyms
- 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiobutane
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UThymidylate synthase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UTriosephosphate isomerase Not Available Humans UMaleylacetoacetate isomerase Not Available Humans U3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Not Available Humans UListeriolysin regulatory protein Not Available Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a (strain ATCC BAA-679 / EGD-e) USpermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UHolo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UHistidinol dehydrogenase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UShikimate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UGalectin-1 Not Available Humans UCalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha Not Available Humans U50S ribosomal protein L27 Not Available Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579) UAldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 Not Available Humans UOrganic hydroperoxide resistance protein Not Available Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG 12228) U3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase Not Available Pseudomonas putida UTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 Not Available Humans UUnsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase Not Available Bacillus sp. (strain GL1) UCyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase Not Available Staphylococcus aureus (strain MW2) UC protein alpha-antigen Not Available Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia (strain ATCC 27591 / A909 / CDC SS700) UMitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase Not Available Humans UChaperone protein TorD Not Available Shewanella massilia UAxin-1 Not Available Humans UPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B Not Available Humans UAmylosucrase Not Available Neisseria polysaccharea - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Not Available
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-diols. These are polyols containing an alcohol group at two adjacent positions.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Alcohols and polyols
- Direct Parent
- 1,2-diols
- Alternative Parents
- Secondary alcohols / Alkylthiols / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- 1,2-diol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alkylthiol / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organosulfur compound / Secondary alcohol
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- 1,4-dithiothreitol (CHEBI:42106)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- T8ID5YZU6Y
- CAS number
- 3483-12-3
- InChI Key
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-IMJSIDKUSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H10O2S2/c5-3(1-7)4(6)2-8/h3-8H,1-2H2/t3-,4-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R,3R)-1,4-disulfanylbutane-2,3-diol
- SMILES
- O[C@@H](CS)[C@@H](O)CS
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0013593
- KEGG Compound
- C00265
- PubChem Compound
- 439196
- PubChem Substance
- 46505212
- ChemSpider
- 388336
- ChEBI
- 42106
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL406270
- ZINC
- ZINC000000895149
- PDBe Ligand
- DTT
- PDB Entries
- 1a78 / 1b2l / 1dk8 / 1dq8 / 1eac / 1f0c / 1f7t / 1fa2 / 1fvg / 1fw1 … show 296 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 5.14 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.18 ALOGPS logP -0.28 Chemaxon logS -1.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.62 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3.3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 40.46 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 38.84 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 15.68 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 125.9241398 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 128.65895 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 126.8939398 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 130.87355 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 126.0103398 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 138.0194 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP) while utilizing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) as the methyl donor and reductant in the reaction, yielding dihydrofolate (DHF) as a by-product (PubMed:2223754, PubMed:3286637, PubMed:9826509). This enzymatic reaction provides an intracellular de novo source of dTMP, an essential precursor for DNA biosynthesis. This protein also binds to its mRNA thus repressing its own translation (PubMed:7708505).
- Specific Function
- magnesium ion binding
- Gene Name
- thyA
- Uniprot ID
- P0A884
- Uniprot Name
- Thymidylate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 30479.475 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Triosephosphate isomerase is an extremely efficient metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
- Specific Function
- methylglyoxal synthase activity
- Gene Name
- TPI1
- Uniprot ID
- P60174
- Uniprot Name
- Triosephosphate isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 26669.33 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Bifunctional enzyme showing minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Has also low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. Is able to catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid
- Specific Function
- glutathione peroxidase activity
- Gene Name
- GSTZ1
- Uniprot ID
- O43708
- Uniprot Name
- Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 24212.005 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids, thus plays a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21357570, PubMed:2991281, PubMed:36745799, PubMed:6995544). HMGCR is the main target of statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs (PubMed:11349148, PubMed:18540668, PubMed:36745799)
- Specific Function
- coenzyme A binding
- Gene Name
- HMGCR
- Uniprot ID
- P04035
- Uniprot Name
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 97475.155 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a (strain ATCC BAA-679 / EGD-e)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Positively regulates expression of listeriolysin, of 1-phosphadidylinositol phosphodiesterase (PI-PLC) and other virulence factors.
- Specific Function
- DNA binding
- Gene Name
- prfA
- Uniprot ID
- P22262
- Uniprot Name
- Listeriolysin regulatory protein
- Molecular Weight
- 27301.24 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the protection against polyamine toxicity by regulating their concentration. Could also be involved in the negative control of sporulation as well as production of degradative enzymes such as alpha-amylase, levansucrase and alkaline phosphatase. Catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to an acceptor substrate and releases both CoA and the acetylated product. It possesses N1-acetyltransferase activity toward polyamine substrates including spermidine, spermine, aminopropylcadaverine, norspermidine, homospermidine, N(8)-acetylspermidine, diaminopropane and agmatine.
- Specific Function
- diamine N-acetyltransferase activity
- Gene Name
- paiA
- Uniprot ID
- P21340
- Uniprot Name
- Spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 20014.605 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transfers the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coenzyme A to a Ser of fatty acid acyl-carrier-protein ACP. Also modifies the D-alanyl carrier protein but fails to recognize PCP and AcpK, an acyl carrier protein of secondary metabolism.
- Specific Function
- holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity
- Gene Name
- acpS
- Uniprot ID
- P96618
- Uniprot Name
- Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 13717.63 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L-histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine.
- Specific Function
- histidinol dehydrogenase activity
- Gene Name
- hisD
- Uniprot ID
- P06988
- Uniprot Name
- Histidinol dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 46109.815 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of the chorismate, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Catalyzes the reversible NADPH linked reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate (DHSA) to yield shikimate (SA). It displays no activity in the presence of NAD.
- Specific Function
- NADP binding
- Gene Name
- aroE
- Uniprot ID
- P15770
- Uniprot Name
- Shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
- Molecular Weight
- 29413.305 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates. Plays a role in regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Inhibits CD45 protein phosphatase activity and therefore the dephosphorylation of Lyn kinase. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. Plays a negative role in Th17 cell differentiation via activation of the receptor CD69 (PubMed:24752896)
- Specific Function
- lactose binding
- Gene Name
- LGALS1
- Uniprot ID
- P09382
- Uniprot Name
- Galectin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 14715.57 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in various processes, such as synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and long-term potentiation (PubMed:14722083). Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it regulates NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and therefore excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Regulates dendritic spine development (PubMed:28130356). Also regulates the migration of developing neurons (PubMed:29100089). Phosphorylates the transcription factor FOXO3 to activate its transcriptional activity (PubMed:23805378). Phosphorylates the transcription factor ETS1 in response to calcium signaling, thereby decreasing ETS1 affinity for DNA (By similarity). In response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation, catalyzes phosphorylation of STAT1, stimulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (PubMed:11972023). In response to interferon-beta (IFN-beta) stimulation, stimulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (PubMed:35568036). Acts as a negative regulator of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated synaptic signaling via modulation of DAGLA activity (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- CAMK2A
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UQM7
- Uniprot Name
- Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 54087.265 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Found on the solvent side of the large subunit.
- Specific Function
- structural constituent of ribosome
- Gene Name
- rpmA
- Uniprot ID
- P60493
- Uniprot Name
- 50S ribosomal protein L27
- Molecular Weight
- 9508.0 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Cytosolic dehydrogenase that catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acid (PubMed:12941160, PubMed:15623782, PubMed:17175089, PubMed:19296407, PubMed:25450233, PubMed:26373694). Functions downstream of retinol dehydrogenases and catalyzes the oxidation of retinaldehyde into retinoic acid, the second step in the oxidation of retinol/vitamin A into retinoic acid (By similarity). This pathway is crucial to control the levels of retinol and retinoic acid, two important molecules which excess can be teratogenic and cytotoxic (By similarity). Also oxidizes aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation like (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE, malonaldehyde and hexanal that form protein adducts and are highly cytotoxic. By participating for instance to the clearance of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal/HNE in the lens epithelium prevents the formation of HNE-protein adducts and lens opacification (PubMed:12941160, PubMed:15623782, PubMed:19296407). Functions also downstream of fructosamine-3-kinase in the fructosamine degradation pathway by catalyzing the oxidation of 3-deoxyglucosone, the carbohydrate product of fructosamine 3-phosphate decomposition, which is itself a potent glycating agent that may react with lysine and arginine side-chains of proteins (PubMed:17175089). Has also an aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and is probably part of an alternative pathway for the biosynthesis of GABA/4-aminobutanoate in midbrain, thereby playing a role in GABAergic synaptic transmission (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- 3-deoxyglucosone dehydrogenase activity
- Gene Name
- ALDH1A1
- Uniprot ID
- P00352
- Uniprot Name
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
- Molecular Weight
- 54861.44 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG 12228)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ohr
- Uniprot ID
- Q9HZZ3
- Uniprot Name
- Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein
- Molecular Weight
- 14522.335 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes an anti cycloisomerization.
- Specific Function
- 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase activity
- Gene Name
- pcaB
- Uniprot ID
- P32427
- Uniprot Name
- 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 44675.755 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Essential ion channel and serine/threonine-protein kinase. Divalent cation channel permeable to calcium and magnesium (PubMed:35561741). Has a central role in magnesium ion homeostasis and in the regulation of anoxic neuronal cell death. Involved in TNF-induced necroptosis downstream of MLKL by mediating calcium influx. The kinase activity is essential for the channel function. May be involved in a fundamental process that adjusts plasma membrane divalent cation fluxes according to the metabolic state of the cell. Phosphorylates annexin A1 (ANXA1)
- Specific Function
- actin binding
- Gene Name
- TRPM7
- Uniprot ID
- Q96QT4
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7
- Molecular Weight
- 212695.37 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus sp. (strain GL1)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides with unsaturated glucuronyl residues at the non-reducing terminal, to a sugar or an amino sugar, and an unsaturated D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), which is nonenzymatically converted immediately to alpha-keto acid.
- Specific Function
- chondroitin hydrolase activity
- Gene Name
- ugl
- Uniprot ID
- Q9RC92
- Uniprot Name
- Unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase
- Molecular Weight
- 42861.02 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Staphylococcus aureus (strain MW2)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the cyclization of GTP to (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.
- Specific Function
- 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- moaA
- Uniprot ID
- P65389
- Uniprot Name
- Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 39077.505 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia (strain ATCC 27591 / A909 / CDC SS700)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May play a role in both virulence and immunity.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- bca
- Uniprot ID
- Q02192
- Uniprot Name
- C protein alpha-antigen
- Molecular Weight
- 108704.715 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Has an important function as a repair enzyme for proteins that have been inactivated by oxidation. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation-reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine
- Specific Function
- L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide reductase activity
- Gene Name
- MSRA
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UJ68
- Uniprot Name
- Mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 26132.42 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Shewanella massilia
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biogenesis of TorA. Acts on TorA before the insertion of the molybdenum cofactor and, as a result, probably favors a conformation of the apoenzyme that is competent for acquiring the cofactor.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- torD
- Uniprot ID
- O87949
- Uniprot Name
- Chaperone protein TorD
- Molecular Weight
- 23554.45 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling (PubMed:12192039, PubMed:27098453, PubMed:28829046). Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway (PubMed:12192039). In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B (PubMed:12192039). Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7 (PubMed:16601693). Also a component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development (PubMed:17210684). Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation (PubMed:17210684)
- Specific Function
- armadillo repeat domain binding
- Gene Name
- AXIN1
- Uniprot ID
- O15169
- Uniprot Name
- Axin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 95634.205 Da
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding
- Specific Function
- cyclosporin A binding
- Gene Name
- PPIB
- Uniprot ID
- P23284
- Uniprot Name
- Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B
- Molecular Weight
- 23742.405 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Neisseria polysaccharea
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the synthesis of alpha-glucan from sucrose. Catalyzes, in addition, sucrose hydrolysis, maltose and maltotriose synthesis by successive transfers of the glucosyl moiety of sucrose onto the released glucose, and finally turanose and trehalulose synthesis, these two sucrose isomers being obtained by glucosyl transfer onto fructose.
- Specific Function
- amylosucrase activity
- Gene Name
- ams
- Uniprot ID
- Q9ZEU2
- Uniprot Name
- Amylosucrase
- Molecular Weight
- 72343.005 Da
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:52