Identification
- Summary
Gadobutrol is a contrast agent used during diagnostic procedures to visualize disrupted areas of blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system.
- Brand Names
- Gadavist, Gadovist
- Generic Name
- Gadobutrol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06703
- Background
Intravenous gadobutrol is a second-generation extracellular non-ionic macrocyclic GBCA (gadolinium-based contrast agent) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and children older than 2 years of age. It may help visualize and detect vascular abnormalities in the blood brain barrier (BBB) and central nervous system (CNS).
In patients with impaired renal function, gadolinium based contrast agents increase the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). A physician should be contacted if symptoms of NSF are encountered, such as dark or red patches on the skin; stiffness in joints; trouble moving, bending or straightening arms, hands, legs or feet; burning, itching, swelling, scaling, hardening and tightening of skin; pain in hip bones or ribs; or muscle weakness.
Common adverse reactions that may be experienced include headache, nausea, feeling hot, abnormal taste, and warmth, burning or pain local to the injection site.
General precautions should be taken in patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or who have a history of allergic reaction to contrast media, bronchial asthma or an allergic respiratory disorder.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Gadobutrol (DB06703)
- Weight
- Average: 604.72
Monoisotopic: 605.13321 - Chemical Formula
- C18H31GdN4O9
- Synonyms
- Gadobutrol
- gadolinium(III) 2,2',2''-(10-((2R,3S )-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate
- External IDs
- BAY86-4875
- ZK-135079
Pharmacology
- Indication
Gadobutrol is indicated for use with magnetic resonance imaging for the following diagnostic processes:4
- To detect and visualize areas with disrupted blood-brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system in adult and pediatric patients, including term neonates
- To assess the presence and extent of malignant breast disease in adult patients
- To evaluate known or suspected supra-aortic or renal artery disease in adult and pediatric patients, including term neonates
- To assess myocardial perfusion (under stress and at rest) and late gadolinium enhancement in adult patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Even at low concentrations Gadobutrol can lead to distinct shortening of relaxation times of protons in plasma. At physiological conditions (pH=7, temperature=37°C), and 1.5T, the relaxivity (r1) is 5.2L/(mmol·sec) based on the relaxation times (T1), while the relativity (r2) is 6.1L/(mmol·sec) based on relaxation times (T2).
Magnetic field strength has only slight influence on relaxivities.
Drug concentration and r1 relaxivity may contribute to a T1 shortening effect, which may improve tissue visualization.
- Mechanism of action
MRI tissue visualization is dependent, in part, on variations in intensity of radiofrequency signals which occur due to differences in proton density, differences of the spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation times (T1), and differences in the spin-spin or transverse relaxation times (T2).
Gadolinium shortens T1 and T2 relaxation times. Greater signal enhancement is achieved with increased shortening of T1 and T2. The extent to which Gadolinium can shorten T1 and T2 is influenced by concentration in tissue, MRI field strength, and the relative ratio of transverse and longitudinal relaxation times.
The recommended dose produced the greatest sensitivity of T1 shortening effect in T1-weighted magnetic resonance sequences. In T2-weighted sequences, the large magnetic moment of gadolinium induced local magnetic field inhomogenenities.
At high concentrations used during bolus injections, T2-weighted sequences show a signal decrease.
- Absorption
With normal renal function, the AUC is 1.1 ± 0.1 mmol·h/L.
- Volume of distribution
Rapid distribution to extracellular space occurs after intravenous administration.
After a dose of 0.1mmol/kg body weight, an average plasma level of 0.59 mmol/L was measured 2 minutes post injection, and 0.3mmol/L 60 minutes post injection.
- Protein binding
No particular protein binding is displayed.
- Metabolism
Gadobutrol is not metabolized.
- Route of elimination
Excreted unchanged via glomerular filtration by the kidneys. Extrarenal elimination is negligible.
- Half-life
1.81 hours (1.33-2.13 hours).
- Clearance
In healthy subjects, renal clearance is 1.1 - 1.7mL/(min·kg). Within 2 hours of intravenous injection more than 50% is eliminated via the urine. Within 12 hours more than 90% of the given dose is eliminated.
Clearance was observed to be slightly lower in elderly subjects, when using a 0.1mmol/kg dose.
In the pediatric population, the median AUC, clearance and elimination half life was observed to be similar across the age range of 2-17, based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 130 pediatric subjects aged 2-17. In children aged 2-6 (n=45) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 0.8 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.13L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.75h. In children aged 7-11 (n=39) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 1.0 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.1L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.61h. In children aged 12-17 (n=46) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 1.2 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.09 L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.65h. Approximately 99% (median value) of the dose was recovered in the urine after 6 hours.
A prolonged serum half life of gadobutrol is correlated with a reduction in creatinine clearance. In patients with mild-moderate renal impairment (80>CLCR>30 mL/min) the elimination half life was 5.8 ± 2.4 hours, the AUC was 4.0 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L, and complete recovery from the urine is seen within 72 hours. In patients with severe renal impairment (CLCR<30 mL/min) the elimination half life was 17.6 ± 6.2 hours, the AUC was 11.5 ± 4.3 mmol·h/L, and complete recovery from the urine is seen within 5 days.
Physicians may consider the prompt initiation of hemodialysis following gadobutrol administration to aid elimination, in patients who are already receiving hemodialysis. After one dialysis session 68% of the initial dose is removed, after the second session 94%, and after the third session 98%.- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Lethality was observed in rodents after a single intravenous administration of 20 mmol/kg. This represents a dose of at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than the standard single diagnostic dose in humans (0.1 mmol/kg).
No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted.
No mutagenesis was observed in vitro in reverse mutation tests in bacteria, or in the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) test using Chinese hamster V79 cells. Similarly, no mutagenesis was seen in chromosome abberation tests of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It was also negative in in-vivo micronucleus tests in mice following a 0.5mmol/kg intravenous injection.
No fertility or reproductive impairment was observed in male and female rates given doses 12.2 times human equivalent doses, based on body surface area.
Intolerance reactions local to the injection site have been observed in rabbits after paravenous administration, and are associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, suggesting the possibility of local irritation if the contrast medium leaks around veins in a clinical setting.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.No interactions found.
- Food Interactions
- Take with or without food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Gadolinium cation (3+) ionic AZV954TZ9N 22541-19-1 RJOJUSXNYCILHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Gadovist (Bayer Schering Pharma)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Gadavist Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2011-03-14 Not applicable US 
Gadovist 1.0 Solution 604.72 mg / mL Intravenous Bayer 2004-01-30 Not applicable Canada 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, Llc 2023-10-20 Not applicable US Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, Llc 2023-06-01 Not applicable US Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2023-10-01 Not applicable US Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2023-04-14 Not applicable US Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Slate Run Pharmaceuticals, Llc 2023-10-20 Not applicable US Gadobutrol Injection 604.72 mg/1mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2023-10-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- V08CA09 — Gadobutrol
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Alpha amino acids
- Alternative Parents
- Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives / 1,3-aminoalcohols / Trialkylamines / Secondary alcohols / 1,2-aminoalcohols / Amino acids / Carboxylic acid salts / Polyols / Azacyclic compounds / Carboxylic acids show 7 more
- Substituents
- 1,2-aminoalcohol / 1,3-aminoalcohol / Alcohol / Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound / Alpha-amino acid / Amine / Amino acid / Azacycle / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid show 17 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- gadolinium coordination entity (CHEBI:68841)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 1BJ477IO2L
- CAS number
- 770691-21-9
- InChI Key
- ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-YYLIZZNMSA-K
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C18H34N4O9.Gd/c23-12-14(15(25)13-24)22-7-5-20(10-17(28)29)3-1-19(9-16(26)27)2-4-21(6-8-22)11-18(30)31;/h14-15,23-25H,1-13H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)(H,30,31);/q;+3/p-3/t14-,15-;/m0./s1
- IUPAC Name
- 4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-[(2S,3R)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-13-gadolinatetracyclo[5.5.1.0^{4,13}.0^{10,13}]tridecane-1,4,7,10-tetraium-13-uide
- SMILES
- OC[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)[N+]12CC[N+]3(CC([O-])=O)CC[N+]4(CC([O-])=O)CC[N+](CC([O-])=O)(CC1)[Gd-]234
References
- Synthesis Reference
Orlin Petrov, Peter Blaszkiewicz, "Process for mono- and 1,7-bis-N-.beta.-hydroxyalkylation of cyclene; N-.beta.-hydroxyalkyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-lithium-salt complexes and the use of the complexes for the production of gadobutrol and analogs." U.S. Patent US5994536, issued May, 1998.
US5994536- General References
- Scott LJ: Gadobutrol: a review of its use for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in adults and children. Clin Drug Investig. 2013 Apr;33(4):303-14. doi: 10.1007/s40261-013-0066-0. [Article]
- Wack C, Steger-Hartmann T, Mylecraine L, Hofmeister R: Toxicological safety evaluation of gadobutrol. Invest Radiol. 2012 Nov;47(11):611-23. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e318263f128. [Article]
- Kunnemeyer J, Terborg L, Nowak S, Scheffer A, Telgmann L, Tokmak F, Gunsel A, Wiesmuller G, Reichelt S, Karst U: Speciation analysis of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in blood plasma by hydrophilic interaction chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2008 Nov 1;80(21):8163-70. doi: 10.1021/ac801264j. Epub 2008 Sep 27. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Gadavist (gadobutrol) injection for intravenous administration [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015649
- KEGG Drug
- D07420
- PubChem Compound
- 70678987
- PubChem Substance
- 99443257
- ChemSpider
- 28533281
- 84990
- ChEBI
- 68841
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2218860
- PharmGKB
- PA165958377
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Gadobutrol
- FDA label
- Download (103 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (40.2 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Diagnostic Brain Disorders 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Brain Lesions 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Neoplastic CNS Lesions 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Primary Brain Neoplasm 1 4 Completed Treatment Fibrosis / Impaired Renal Function 1 4 Recruiting Diagnostic Breast Diseases 1 4 Recruiting Diagnostic Image, Body 1 4 Recruiting Other Cognitive Functioning / Contrast Medium / Motor Function 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection Intravenous 604.72 mg/1mL Injection, solution Parenteral Injection, solution Injection Intravenous Injection Intravenous 0.5 MMOL/ML Injection Intravenous 1 MMOL/ML Injection, solution Intravenous 0.5 MMOL/ML Injection, solution Intravenous 1 MMOL/ML Injection, solution Parenteral 1 MMOL/ML Injection, solution Parenteral 1.0 MMOL/ML Solution Intravenous 604.72 mg/1ml Solution Intravenous 604.72 mg / mL Solution Intravenous 604.72 mg/ml Injection, solution Intravenous Injection Intravenous 604.72 mg Injection Intravenous 604.720 mg Solution Intravenous 1 mmol - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5980864 No 1999-11-09 2016-11-09 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0496 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.35 ALOGPS logP -4.6 Chemaxon logS -4.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 0.99 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 9 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 181.08 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 10 Chemaxon Refractivity 143.47 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 45.39 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 4 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9703 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.7581 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7342 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7464 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9204 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9222 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8783 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.9002 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8025 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.731 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8461 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8755 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9271 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8538 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8888 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9958 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6773 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9472 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.561 Rat acute toxicity 2.2102 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8805 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7963
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (21.2 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
Drug created at May 15, 2010 17:36 / Updated at December 02, 2023 06:46