Ganglioside GM2 activator

Details

Name
Ganglioside GM2 activator
Synonyms
  • Cerebroside sulfate activator protein
  • GM2-AP
  • SAP-3
  • Sphingolipid activator protein 3
Gene Name
GM2A
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0037141|Ganglioside GM2 activator
MQSLMQAPLLIALGLLLAAPAQAHLKKPSQLSSFSWDNCDEGKDPAVIRSLTLEPDPIIV
PGNVTLSVMGSTSVPLSSPLKVDLVLEKEVAGLWIKIPCTDYIGSCTFEHFCDVLDMLIP
TGEPCPEPLRTYGLPCHCPFKEGTYSLPKSEFVVPDLELPSWLTTGNYRIESVLSSSGKR
LGCIKIAASLKGI
Number of residues
193
Molecular Weight
20838.1
Theoretical pI
4.96
GO Classification
Functions
beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity / lipid transporter activity / phospholipase activator activity
Processes
ganglioside catabolic process / glycosphingolipid metabolic process / learning or memory / lipid storage / neuromuscular process controlling balance / oligosaccharide catabolic process / positive regulation of hydrolase activity / small molecule metabolic process / sphingolipid metabolic process
Components
apical cortex / cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane / extracellular exosome / hydrogen / lysosomal lumen / mitochondrion
General Function
Phospholipase activator activity
Specific Function
The large binding pocket can accommodate several single chain phospholipids and fatty acids, GM2A also exhibits some calcium-independent phospholipase activity (By similarity). Binds gangliosides and stimulates ganglioside GM2 degradation. It stimulates only the breakdown of ganglioside GM2 and glycolipid GA2 by beta-hexosaminidase A. It extracts single GM2 molecules from membranes and presents them in soluble form to beta-hexosaminidase A for cleavage of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and conversion to GM3.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Lysosome
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021666|Ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A)
ATGCAGTCCCTGATGCAGGCTCCCCTCCTGATCGCCCTGGGCTTGCTTCTCGCGGCCCCT
GCGCAAGCCCACCTGAAAAAGCCATCCCAGCTCAGTAGCTTTTCCTGGGATAACTGTGAT
GAAGGGAAGGACCCTGCGGTGATCAGAAGCCTGACTCTGGAGCCTGACCCCATCATCGTT
CCTGGAAATGTGACCCTCAGTGTCATGGGCAGCACCAGTGTCCCCCTGAGTTCTCCTCTG
AAGGTGGATTTAGTTTTGGAGAAGGAGGTGGCTGGCCTCTGGATCAAGATCCCATGCACA
GACTACATTGGCAGCTGTACCTTTGAACACTTCTGTGATGTGCTTGACATGTTAATTCCT
ACTGGGGAGCCCTGCCCAGAGCCCCTGCGTACCTATGGGCTTCCTTGCCACTGTCCCTTC
AAAGAAGGAACCTACTCACTGCCCAAGAGCGAATTCGTTGTGCCTGACCTGGAGCTGCCC
AGTTGGCTCACCACCGGGAACTACCGCATAGAGAGCGTCCTGAGCAGCAGTGGGAAGCGT
CTGGGCTGCATCAAGATCGCTGCCTCTCTAAAGGGCATATAA
Chromosome Location
5
Locus
5q31.3-q33.1
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP17900
UniProtKB Entry NameSAP3_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID183357
GenBank Gene IDM76477
GenAtlas IDGM2A
HGNC IDHGNC:4367
General References
  1. Xie B, McInnes B, Neote K, Lamhonwah AM, Mahuran D: Isolation and expression of a full-length cDNA encoding the human GM2 activator protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jun 28;177(3):1217-23. [Article]
  2. Klima H, Tanaka A, Schnabel D, Nakano T, Schroder M, Suzuki K, Sandhoff K: Characterization of full-length cDNAs and the gene coding for the human GM2 activator protein. FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 9;289(2):260-4. [Article]
  3. Nagarajan S, Chen HC, Li SC, Li YT, Lockyer JM: Evidence for two cDNA clones encoding human GM2-activator protein. Biochem J. 1992 Mar 15;282 ( Pt 3):807-13. [Article]
  4. Xie B, Kennedy JL, McInnes B, Auger D, Mahuran D: Identification of a processed pseudogene related to the functional gene encoding the GM2 activator protein: localization of the pseudogene to human chromosome 3 and the functional gene to human chromosome 5. Genomics. 1992 Nov;14(3):796-8. [Article]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  6. Schmutz J, Martin J, Terry A, Couronne O, Grimwood J, Lowry S, Gordon LA, Scott D, Xie G, Huang W, Hellsten U, Tran-Gyamfi M, She X, Prabhakar S, Aerts A, Altherr M, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chan YM, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Lopez F, Lou Y, Martinez D, Medina C, Morgan J, Nandkeshwar R, Noonan JP, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Priest J, Ramirez L, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wheeler J, Wu K, Yang J, Dickson M, Cheng JF, Eichler EE, Olsen A, Pennacchio LA, Rokhsar DS, Richardson P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5. Nature. 2004 Sep 16;431(7006):268-74. [Article]
  7. Chen B, Rigat B, Curry C, Mahuran DJ: Structure of the GM2A gene: identification of an exon 2 nonsense mutation and a naturally occurring transcript with an in-frame deletion of exon 2. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Jul;65(1):77-87. [Article]
  8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  9. Schroder M, Klima H, Nakano T, Kwon H, Quintern LE, Gartner S, Suzuki K, Sandhoff K: Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human GM2 activator protein. FEBS Lett. 1989 Jul 17;251(1-2):197-200. [Article]
  10. Furst W, Schubert J, Machleidt W, Meyer HE, Sandhoff K: The complete amino-acid sequences of human ganglioside GM2 activator protein and cerebroside sulfate activator protein. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Sep 24;192(3):709-14. [Article]
  11. Vaca Jacome AS, Rabilloud T, Schaeffer-Reiss C, Rompais M, Ayoub D, Lane L, Bairoch A, Van Dorsselaer A, Carapito C: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome. Proteomics. 2015 Jul;15(14):2519-24. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400617. Epub 2015 Jun 8. [Article]
  12. Wright CS, Li SC, Rastinejad F: Crystal structure of human GM2-activator protein with a novel beta-cup topology. J Mol Biol. 2000 Dec 1;304(3):411-22. [Article]
  13. Schroder M, Schnabel D, Suzuki K, Sandhoff K: A mutation in the gene of a glycolipid-binding protein (GM2 activator) that causes GM2-gangliosidosis variant AB. FEBS Lett. 1991 Sep 23;290(1-2):1-3. [Article]
  14. Schroder M, Schnabel D, Hurwitz R, Young E, Suzuki K, Sandhoff K: Molecular genetics of GM2-gangliosidosis AB variant: a novel mutation and expression in BHK cells. Hum Genet. 1993 Nov;92(5):437-40. [Article]
  15. Schepers U, Glombitza G, Lemm T, Hoffmann A, Chabas A, Ozand P, Sandhoff K: Molecular analysis of a GM2-activator deficiency in two patients with GM2-gangliosidosis AB variant. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Nov;59(5):1048-56. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB02261Platelet Activating FactorexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03017Lauric acidapproved, experimentalunknownDetails
DB03633Lpc-EtherexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04660Choline alfoscerateexperimental, investigationalunknownDetails
DB08231Myristic acidexperimentalunknownDetails