Imidazole
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Identification
- Generic Name
- Imidazole
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB03366
- Background
Not Available
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Experimental, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 68.0773
Monoisotopic: 68.037448138 - Chemical Formula
- C3H4N2
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UMonomeric sarcosine oxidase Not Available Bacillus sp. (strain B-0618) UNicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase Not Available Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720) UMyoglobin Not Available Humans UNitric oxide synthase, inducible Not Available Humans UAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial Not Available Humans USerine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 Not Available Humans UIsopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UAlpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) ULeukotriene A-4 hydrolase Not Available Humans UGephyrin Not Available Humans UAcyl carrier protein Not Available Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720) USensor protein FixL Not Available Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain USDA 110) UCytochrome c Not Available Humans UCircadian clock protein KaiB Not Available Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803 / Kazusa) UHistidinol dehydrogenase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UAcyl-CoA thioesterase I Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UAdenine DNA glycosylase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UYopE regulator Not Available Yersinia pestis UUnconventional myosin-Ie Not Available Humans UMeiotic recombination protein DMC1/LIM15 homolog Not Available Humans UGuanine deaminase Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase A Not Available Streptomyces lividans UBacterial hemoglobin Not Available Vitreoscilla stercoraria UMolybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein B Not Available Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31) UUracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor Not Available Bacteriophage PBS2 URecombination protein RecR Not Available Deinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422) - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. These are compounds containing an imidazole ring, which is an aromatic five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and three carbon atoms.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Azoles
- Sub Class
- Imidazoles
- Direct Parent
- Imidazoles
- Alternative Parents
- Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imidazole / Organic nitrogen compound / Organonitrogen compound / Organopnictogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, monocyclic heteroarene, imidazole (CHEBI:16069) / an aromatic compound (IMIDAZOLE-RING)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7GBN705NH1
- CAS number
- 288-32-4
- InChI Key
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3H4N2/c1-2-5-3-4-1/h1-3H,(H,4,5)
- IUPAC Name
- 1H-imidazole
- SMILES
- N1C=CN=C1
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 90.5 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 257 °C PhysProp logP -0.08 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 6.95 (at 25 °C) PERRIN,DD (1965) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 538.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.21 ALOGPS logP -0.15 Chemaxon logS 0.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 13.4 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 6.97 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 28.68 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 19.01 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 6.56 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.6277 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.941 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6298 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6361 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9898 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.993 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8539 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8607 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8618 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8558 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9238 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7967 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8626 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8557 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6731 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7629 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8894 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9176 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.7028 Rat acute toxicity 2.4260 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9419 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9407
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (â„«2) Source type Source [M-H]- 96.6553688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 96.5616688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 96.5047688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 96.5104688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 116.9653 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 97.7950688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 97.7398688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 97.6950688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 97.7704688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 119.25488 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 97.0457688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 97.1003688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 97.0927688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 97.1661688 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 127.406265 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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1. DetailsMonomeric sarcosine oxidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus sp. (strain B-0618)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine. Can also oxidize other secondary amino acids such as N-methyl-L-alanine.
- Specific Function
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- soxA
- Uniprot ID
- P40859
- Uniprot Name
- Monomeric sarcosine oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 43181.395 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the synthesis of alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate from nicotinate mononucleotide (NAMN) and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) (PubMed:10587435, PubMed:11441022, PubMed:24121107, PubMed:8206834, Ref.7). Able to use a variety of other nucleotide bases as substrate to create alternative lower ligands for cobamide (PubMed:11441022, PubMed:24121107, Ref.7).
- Specific Function
- nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase activity
- Gene Name
- cobT
- Uniprot ID
- Q05603
- Uniprot Name
- Nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 36612.305 Da
References
3. DetailsMyoglobin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Monomeric heme protein which primary function is to store oxygen and facilitate its diffusion within muscle tissues. Reversibly binds oxygen through a pentacoordinated heme iron and enables its timely and efficient release as needed during periods of heightened demand (PubMed:30918256, PubMed:34679218). Depending on the oxidative conditions of tissues and cells, and in addition to its ability to bind oxygen, it also has a nitrite reductase activity whereby it regulates the production of bioactive nitric oxide (PubMed:32891753). Under stress conditions, like hypoxia and anoxia, it also protects cells against reactive oxygen species thanks to its pseudoperoxidase activity (PubMed:34679218)
- Specific Function
- heme binding
- Gene Name
- MB
- Uniprot ID
- P02144
- Uniprot Name
- Myoglobin
- Molecular Weight
- 17183.725 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
4. DetailsNitric oxide synthase, inducible
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body (PubMed:7504305, PubMed:7531687, PubMed:7544004, PubMed:7682706). In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2 (By similarity). As component of the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM (PubMed:25417112). Involved in inflammation, enhances the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8 (PubMed:19688109)
- Specific Function
- arginine binding
- Gene Name
- NOS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35228
- Uniprot Name
- Nitric oxide synthase, inducible
- Molecular Weight
- 131116.3 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
5. DetailsAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. Adenylate kinase activity is critical for regulation of the phosphate utilization and the AMP de novo biosynthesis pathways. Plays a key role in hematopoiesis
- Specific Function
- adenylate kinase activity
- Gene Name
- AK2
- Uniprot ID
- P54819
- Uniprot Name
- Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 26477.44 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
6. DetailsSerine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation and thus providing a selective advantage in tumorigenesis (PubMed:15528381, PubMed:1825810, PubMed:31548394). Exerts its oncogenic activity through: the regulation of MYC transcriptional activity, the regulation of cell cycle progression and by phosphorylation and inhibition of proapoptotic proteins (BAD, MAP3K5, FOXO3) (PubMed:18593906). Phosphorylation of MYC leads to an increase of MYC protein stability and thereby an increase of transcriptional activity (By similarity). The stabilization of MYC exerted by PIM1 might explain partly the strong synergism between these two oncogenes in tumorigenesis (By similarity). Mediates survival signaling through phosphorylation of BAD, which induces release of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L)/BCL2L1 (By similarity). Phosphorylation of MAP3K5, another proapoptotic protein, by PIM1, significantly decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity and inhibits MAP3K5-mediated phosphorylation of JNK and JNK/p38MAPK subsequently reducing caspase-3 activation and cell apoptosis (PubMed:19749799). Stimulates cell cycle progression at the G1-S and G2-M transitions by phosphorylation of CDC25A and CDC25C (PubMed:16356754). Phosphorylation of CDKN1A, a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1, results in the relocation of CDKN1A to the cytoplasm and enhanced CDKN1A protein stability (PubMed:12431783). Promotes cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis by down-regulating expression of a regulator of cell cycle progression, CDKN1B, at both transcriptional and post-translational levels (PubMed:18593906). Phosphorylation of CDKN1B, induces 14-3-3 proteins binding, nuclear export and proteasome-dependent degradation (PubMed:18593906). May affect the structure or silencing of chromatin by phosphorylating HP1 gamma/CBX3 (PubMed:10664448). Acts also as a regulator of homing and migration of bone marrow cells involving functional interaction with the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis (By similarity). Acts as a positive regulator of mTORC1 signaling by mediating phosphorylation and inhibition of DEPDC5 component of the GATOR1 complex (PubMed:31548394). Acts as a negative regulator of innate immunity by mediating phosphorylation and inactivation of GBP1 in absence of infection: phosphorylation of GBP1 induces interaction with 14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN) and retention in the cytosol (PubMed:37797010). Also phosphorylates and activates the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2, allowing resistance to drugs through their excretion from cells (PubMed:18056989). Promotes brown adipocyte differentiation (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- PIM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11309
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1
- Molecular Weight
- 35685.44 Da
References
7. DetailsIsopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its highly electrophilic allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
- Specific Function
- isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase activity
- Gene Name
- idi
- Uniprot ID
- Q46822
- Uniprot Name
- Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 20508.085 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-alpha-D-glucose (UDP-Glc) to D-glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) to form trehalose-6-phosphate. Acts with retention of the anomeric configuration of the UDP-sugar donor. Essential for viability of the cells at low temperatures and at elevated osmotic strength.
- Specific Function
- alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity
- Gene Name
- otsA
- Uniprot ID
- P31677
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming]
- Molecular Weight
- 53610.655 Da
References
9. DetailsLeukotriene A-4 hydrolase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme that comprises both epoxide hydrolase (EH) and aminopeptidase activities. Acts as an epoxide hydrolase to catalyze the conversion of LTA4 to the pro-inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (PubMed:11917124, PubMed:12207002, PubMed:15078870, PubMed:18804029, PubMed:1897988, PubMed:1975494, PubMed:2244921). Has also aminopeptidase activity, with high affinity for N-terminal arginines of various synthetic tripeptides (PubMed:18804029, PubMed:20813919). In addition to its pro-inflammatory EH activity, may also counteract inflammation by its aminopeptidase activity, which inactivates by cleavage another neutrophil attractant, the tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP), a bioactive fragment of collagen generated by the action of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and prolylendopeptidase (PREPL) (PubMed:20813919, PubMed:24591641). Involved also in the biosynthesis of resolvin E1 and 18S-resolvin E1 from eicosapentaenoic acid, two lipid mediators that show potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions (PubMed:21206090)
- Specific Function
- aminopeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- LTA4H
- Uniprot ID
- P09960
- Uniprot Name
- Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase
- Molecular Weight
- 69284.64 Da
References
10. DetailsGephyrin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Microtubule-associated protein involved in membrane protein-cytoskeleton interactions. It is thought to anchor the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLYR) to subsynaptic microtubules (By similarity). Acts as a major instructive molecule at inhibitory synapses, where it also clusters GABA type A receptors (PubMed:25025157, PubMed:26613940)
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- GPHN
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NQX3
- Uniprot Name
- Gephyrin
- Molecular Weight
- 79747.635 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
11. DetailsAcyl carrier protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis.
- Specific Function
- acyl binding
- Gene Name
- acpP
- Uniprot ID
- P0A6B1
- Uniprot Name
- Acyl carrier protein
- Molecular Weight
- 8639.455 Da
References
12. DetailsSensor protein FixL
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain USDA 110)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Putative oxygen sensor; modulates the activity of FixJ, a transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation fixK gene. FixL probably acts as a kinase that phosphorylates FixJ.
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- fixL
- Uniprot ID
- P23222
- Uniprot Name
- Sensor protein FixL
- Molecular Weight
- 55651.92 Da
References
13. DetailsCytochrome c
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- CYCS
- Uniprot ID
- P99999
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome c
- Molecular Weight
- 11748.69 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
14. DetailsCircadian clock protein KaiB
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803 / Kazusa)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Key component of the KaiABC oscillator complex, which constitutes the main circadian regulator in cyanobacteria. Complex composition changes during the circadian cycle to control KaiC phosphorylation. KaiA stimulates KaiC autophosphorylation, while KaiB sequesters KaiA, leading to KaiC autodephosphorylation. Phospho-Ser-431 KaiC accumulation triggers binding of KaiB to form the KaiB(6):KaiC(6) complex, leading to changes in output regulators CikA and SasA. KaiB switches to a thioredoxin-like fold (KaiB(fs)) when bound to KaiC. KaiB(6):KaiC(6) formation exposes a site for KaiA binding that sequesters KaiA from KaiC, making the KaiC(6):KaiB(6):KaiA(12) complex that results in KaiC autodephosphorylation.
- Specific Function
- identical protein binding
- Gene Name
- kaiB
- Uniprot ID
- P74645
- Uniprot Name
- Circadian clock protein KaiB
- Molecular Weight
- 11934.89 Da
References
15. DetailsHistidinol dehydrogenase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L-histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine.
- Specific Function
- histidinol dehydrogenase activity
- Gene Name
- hisD
- Uniprot ID
- P06988
- Uniprot Name
- Histidinol dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 46109.815 Da
References
16. DetailsAcyl-CoA thioesterase I
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- TesA is a multifunctional esterase that can act as a thioesterase, lysophospholipase and protease (PubMed:10423542, PubMed:1864840, PubMed:238979, PubMed:4554913, PubMed:4945109, PubMed:791643, PubMed:8098033, PubMed:8132479, PubMed:8432696, PubMed:9070299). TesA functions as a thioesterase specific for fatty acyl thioesters of greater than ten carbons, with highest activity on palmitoyl-CoA, cis-vaccenoyl-CoA and palmitoleoyl-CoA (PubMed:10423542, PubMed:4554913, PubMed:8098033, PubMed:8132479, PubMed:9070299). TesA also possesses an arylesterase activity towards short acyl-chain aromatic esters such as alpha-naphthyl acetate, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, benzyl acetate and phenyl acetate (PubMed:9070299). Also able to hydrolyze short acyl-chain triacylglycerols such as triacetin and tributyrin, and p-nitrophenyl esters such as p-nitrophenyl hexanoate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PubMed:9070299). The protease activity is mainly active on small peptides (PubMed:8432696, PubMed:9070299). TesA is also able to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl esters of N-substituted amino acids such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe-p-nitrophenyl ester (Z-L-Phe-ONp) and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Tyr-p-nitrophenyl ester (Z-L-Tyr-ONp), however it is unable to hydrolyze N-acetyl-L-Phe ethyl ester and its Tyr analog (PubMed:10423542, PubMed:791643, PubMed:8432696). TesA also hydrolyzes N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Phe beta-nitrophenyl ester (Cbz-Phe-ONap) and N-acetyl-DL-Phe-2-naphthyl ester (chymotrypsin-like specificity) (PubMed:4945109, PubMed:8432696). Shows a slow proteolytic activity against denatured casein (PubMed:4945109). The lysophospholipase activity of TesA is able to hydrolyze 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, 1- and 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PubMed:10423542, PubMed:1864840, PubMed:238979).
- Specific Function
- arylesterase activity
- Gene Name
- tesA
- Uniprot ID
- P0ADA1
- Uniprot Name
- Acyl-CoA thioesterase I
- Molecular Weight
- 23621.955 Da
References
17. DetailsAdenine DNA glycosylase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Adenine glycosylase active on G-A mispairs. MutY also corrects error-prone DNA synthesis past GO lesions which are due to the oxidatively damaged form of guanine: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-dGTP).
- Specific Function
- 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- mutY
- Uniprot ID
- P17802
- Uniprot Name
- Adenine DNA glycosylase
- Molecular Weight
- 39148.835 Da
18. DetailsYopE regulator
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Yersinia pestis
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Positive regulator of YopE.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- yerA
- Uniprot ID
- P31491
- Uniprot Name
- YopE regulator
- Molecular Weight
- 14649.515 Da
19. DetailsUnconventional myosin-Ie
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Actin-based motor molecule with ATPase activity (PubMed:11940582, PubMed:36316095). Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. Binds to membranes containing anionic phospholipids via its tail domain. Involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and intracellular movement of clathrin-coated vesicles (PubMed:36316095). Required for normal morphology of the glomerular basement membrane, normal development of foot processes by kidney podocytes and normal kidney function. In dendritic cells, may control the movement of class II-containing cytoplasmic vesicles along the actin cytoskeleton by connecting them with the actin network via ARL14EP and ARL14
- Specific Function
- actin filament binding
- Gene Name
- MYO1E
- Uniprot ID
- Q12965
- Uniprot Name
- Unconventional myosin-Ie
- Molecular Weight
- 127061.075 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Participates in meiotic recombination, specifically in homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- DMC1
- Uniprot ID
- Q14565
- Uniprot Name
- Meiotic recombination protein DMC1/LIM15 homolog
- Molecular Weight
- 37680.725 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
21. DetailsGuanine deaminase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia.
- Specific Function
- guanine deaminase activity
- Gene Name
- guaD
- Uniprot ID
- O34598
- Uniprot Name
- Guanine deaminase
- Molecular Weight
- 17156.265 Da
22. DetailsEndo-1,4-beta-xylanase A
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptomyces lividans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Contributes to hydrolyze hemicellulose, the major component of plant cell-walls. XLNA and XLNB seem to act sequentially on the substrate to yield xylobiose and xylose as carbon sources.
- Specific Function
- carbohydrate binding
- Gene Name
- xlnA
- Uniprot ID
- P26514
- Uniprot Name
- Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A
- Molecular Weight
- 51162.3 Da
23. DetailsBacterial hemoglobin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Vitreoscilla stercoraria
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- This protein functions as a terminal oxidase.
- Specific Function
- FAD binding
- Gene Name
- vhb
- Uniprot ID
- P04252
- Uniprot Name
- Bacterial hemoglobin
- Molecular Weight
- 15774.205 Da
24. DetailsMolybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein B
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May be involved in the biosynthesis of molybdopterin.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- moaB
- Uniprot ID
- Q816R0
- Uniprot Name
- Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein B
- Molecular Weight
- 18535.2 Da
25. DetailsUracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacteriophage PBS2
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- This protein binds specifically and reversibly to the host uracil-DNA glycosylase, preventing removal of uracil residues from PBS2 DNA by the host uracil-excision repair system.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- UGI
- Uniprot ID
- P14739
- Uniprot Name
- Uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor
- Molecular Weight
- 9475.645 Da
26. DetailsRecombination protein RecR
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Deinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO.
- Specific Function
- DNA binding
- Gene Name
- recR
- Uniprot ID
- Q9ZNA2
- Uniprot Name
- Recombination protein RecR
- Molecular Weight
- 23722.925 Da
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:52