Sodium carbonate
Identification
- Generic Name
- Sodium carbonate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09460
- Background
Sodium Carbonate is the disodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalinizing property. When dissolved in water, sodium carbonate forms carbonic acid and sodium hydroxide. As a strong base, sodium hydroxide neutralizes gastric acid thereby acting as an antacid.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 105.9884
Monoisotopic: 105.964283216 - Chemical Formula
- CNa2O3
- Synonyms
- Anhydrous sodium carbonate
- Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2)
- Carbonic acid, disodium salt
- Disodium carbonate
- Natriumkarbonat
- Natrum carbonicum
- Soda ash
- Soda-ash
- Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)
- Sodium carbonate anhydrous
- Sodium carbonate, anhydrous
- Sodium salt of carbonic acid
- External IDs
- E-500(I)
- INS NO.500(I)
- INS-500(I)
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic.Occasionally, for dermatitides topically as a lotion. Medication (Vet): In solution to cleanse skin, in eczema, to soften scabs of ringworm.
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- Pharmacodynamics
Alkalizing buffering action: Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalinizing agent that dissociates to provide bicarbonate ion. Bicarbonate in excess of that needed to buffer hydrogen ions causes systemic alkalinization and, when excreted, urine alkalinization as well. Oral antacid action: Taken orally, sodium bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid by the above mechanism.
- Mechanism of action
Carbon dioxide from the tissues diffuses rapidly into red blood cells, where it is hydrated with water to form carbonic acid. This reaction is accelerated by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme present in high concentrations in red blood cells. The carbonic acid formed dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Most of the bicarbonate ions diffuse into the plasma. Since the ratio of H2CO3 to dissolved CO2 is constant at equilibrium, pH may be expressed in terms of bicarbonate ion concentration and partial pressure of CO2 by means of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation: pH = pk + log [HCO3-]/aPCO2
Target Actions Organism UCarbonic anhydrase 1 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 2 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 4 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 9 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
The uptake of sodium, via exposure to sodium carbonate, is much less than the uptake of sodium via food. Therefore, sodium carbonate is not expected to be systemically available in the body. Furthermore, an oral uptake of sodium carbonate will result in a neutralization in the stomach due to the gastric acid.
- Volume of distribution
Distribution occurs naturally and is confined to the systemic circulation.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
None.
- Route of elimination
Filtered and reabsorbed by the kidney; less than 1% of filtered bicarbonate is excreted.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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- Toxicity
Man: LD50 (Oral) - 714 mg/kg, Effect: Behavioural,General Anesthetic : GI Ulceration or Bleeding from small intestine. Mouse : LC50 ( Inhalation ) - 1200mg/m3/2h : GI Other Change Mouse : LC50 ( Intraperitoneal ) - 117mg/kg Mouse : LD50 ( Oral) - 6600mg/kg Mouse : LD50 (Subcutaneous ) - 2210 mg/kg Rat : LC50 ( Inhalation ) 2300mg/m3/2H Rat: LD50 (Oral) - 4090 mg/kg
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Carbicarb Injection Sodium carbonate (35 mg / mL) + Sodium bicarbonate (28 mg / mL) Liquid Intravenous International Medication Systems, Limited 1992-12-31 1997-08-15 Canada CEFAZIME FOR INJECTION 1 g/vial Sodium carbonate (121 mg) + Ceftazidime pentahydrate (1 g) Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous ZYFAS MEDICAL CO 2001-03-26 Not applicable Singapore CITRAVESCENT GRANULES Sodium carbonate (0.08 g) + Citric acid (1.23 g) + L-tartaric acid (0.4 g) + Sodium bicarbonate (1.32 g) Granule Oral SANOFI-AVENTIS SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. 1989-07-01 Not applicable Singapore ENO Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.6 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (46.4 %) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2021-12-12 Malaysia ENO (INDONESIA) Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.6 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (46.4 %) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2022-05-03 Malaysia ENO (LEMON FLAVOURED) Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.1 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (45.55 %) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2021-12-12 Malaysia ENO (ORANGE FLAVOURED) Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.6 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (45.49 %) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2021-12-12 Malaysia ENO (ORANGE) Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.6 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (45.49 %) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2021-12-12 Malaysia ENO FRUIT SALT Sodium carbonate (10 %) + Citric acid (43.6 %) + Sodium bicarbonate (46.4 %) Powder, for solution Oral GLAXOSMITHKLINE CONSUMER HEALTHCARE SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia ENO FRUIT SALT (LEMON FLAVOURED)(AUSTRALIA) Sodium carbonate (0.43 g) + Citric acid (1.85 g) + Saccharin sodium (0.003 g) + Sodium bicarbonate (1.96 g) Powder, for solution Oral STERLING DRUG (MALAYA) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2022-05-03 Malaysia
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic carbonic acids. These are compounds comprising the carbonic acid functional group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Organic carbonic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Organic carbonic acids
- Direct Parent
- Organic carbonic acids
- Alternative Parents
- Carbonate salts / Organic sodium salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonate salt / Carbonic acid / Carbonyl group / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic alkali metal salt / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organic salt / Organic sodium salt
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- carbonate salt, organic sodium salt (CHEBI:29377)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 45P3261C7T
- CAS number
- 497-19-8
- InChI Key
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
- IUPAC Name
- disodium carbonate
- SMILES
- [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O
References
- General References
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 10340
- PubChem Substance
- 347827855
- ChemSpider
- 9916
- 36685
- ChEBI
- 29377
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL186314
- Wikipedia
- Sodium_carbonate
Clinical Trials
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intravenous Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 g Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Granule Oral Powder, for solution Oral Tablet, chewable Buccal Solution Auricular (otic) 66.4 mg Solution Auricular (otic) 30 mg Solution Auricular (otic) Powder Topical Solution Irrigation Liquid Irrigation Powder - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 607.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.34 ALOGPS logP 0.25 Chemaxon logS 0.76 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.5 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 63.19 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 31.17 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 3.52 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
Targets

- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.
- Gene Name
- CA1
- Uniprot ID
- P00915
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 28870.0 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...
- Gene Name
- CA2
- Uniprot ID
- P00918
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 29245.895 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. May stimulate the sodium/bicarbonate transporter activity of SLC4A4 that acts in pH homeostasis. It is essential for acid overload removal from the retina an...
- Gene Name
- CA4
- Uniprot ID
- P22748
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 4
- Molecular Weight
- 35032.075 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Participates in pH regulation. May be involved in the control of cell proliferation and transformation. Appears to be a novel specific biomarker for a cervic...
- Gene Name
- CA9
- Uniprot ID
- Q16790
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 9
- Molecular Weight
- 49697.36 Da
References
Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at May 21, 2021 10:21