Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1

Details

Name
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1
Synonyms
  • 2.3.2.2
  • Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1
  • GGT
  • GGT 1
  • Glutathione hydrolase 1
  • Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase
Gene Name
GGT1
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0001772|Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1
MKKKLVVLGLLAVVLVLVIVGLCLWLPSASKEPDNHVYTRAAVAADAKQCSKIGRDALRD
GGSAVDAAIAALLCVGLMNAHSMGIGGGLFLTIYNSTTRKAEVINAREVAPRLAFATMFN
SSEQSQKGGLSVAVPGEIRGYELAHQRHGRLPWARLFQPSIQLARQGFPVGKGLAAALEN
KRTVIEQQPVLCEVFCRDRKVLREGERLTLPQLADTYETLAIEGAQAFYNGSLTAQIVKD
IQAAGGIVTAEDLNNYRAELIEHPLNISLGDVVLYMPSAPLSGPVLALILNILKGYNFSR
ESVESPEQKGLTYHRIVEAFRFAYAKRTLLGDPKFVDVTEVVRNMTSEFFAAQLRAQISD
DTTHPISYYKPEFYTPDDGGTAHLSVVAEDGSAVSATSTINLYFGSKVRSPVSGILFNNE
MDDFSSPSITNEFGVPPSPANFIQPGKQPLSSMCPTIMVGQDGQVRMVVGAAGGTQITTA
TALAIIYNLWFGYDVKRAVEEPRLHNQLLPNVTTVERNIDQAVTAALETRHHHTQIASTF
IAVVQAIVRTAGGWAAASDSRKGGEPAGY
Number of residues
569
Molecular Weight
61409.67
Theoretical pI
7.14
GO Classification
Functions
gamma-glutamyltransferase activity / glutathione hydrolase activity
Processes
arachidonic acid metabolic process / cellular amino acid metabolic process / cysteine biosynthetic process / glutamate metabolic process / glutathione biosynthetic process / glutathione catabolic process / glutathione derivative biosynthetic process / glutathione metabolic process / leukotriene biosynthetic process / leukotriene metabolic process / regulation of immune system process / regulation of inflammatory response / small molecule metabolic process / spermatogenesis / xenobiotic metabolic process / zymogen activation
Components
anchored component of external side of plasma membrane / extracellular exosome / extracellular space / integral component of membrane / plasma membrane
General Function
Glutathione hydrolase activity
Specific Function
Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide, cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
5-26
Cellular Location
Cell membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010627|Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (GGT1)
ATGAAGAAGAAGTTAGTGGTGCTGGGCCTGCTGGCCGTGGTCCTGGTGCTGGTCATTGTC
GGCCTCTGTCTCTGGCTGCCCTCAGCCTCCAAGGAACCTGACAACCATGTGTACACCAGG
GCTGCCGTGGCCGCGGATGCCAAGCAGTGCTCGAAGATTGGGAGGGATGCACTGCGGGAC
GGTGGCTCTGCGGTGGATGCAGCCATTGCAGCCCTGTTGTGTGTGGGGCTCATGAATGCC
CACAGCATGGGCATCGGGGGTGGCCTCTTCCTCACCATCTACAACAGCACCACACGAAAA
GCTGAGGTCATCAACGCCCGCGAGGTGGCCCCCAGGCTGGCCTTTGCCACCATGTTCAAC
AGCTCGGAGCAGTCCCAGAAGGGGGGGCTGTCGGTGGCGGTGCCTGGGGAGATCCGAGGC
TATGAGCTGGCACACCAGCGGCATGGGCGGCTGCCCTGGGCTCGCCTCTTCCAGCCCAGC
ATCCAGCTGGCCCGCCAGGGCTTCCCCGTGGGCAAGGGCTTGGCGGCAGCCCTGGAAAAC
AAGCGGACCGTCATCGAGCAGCAGCCTGTCTTGTGTGAGGTGTTCTGCCGGGATAGAAAG
GTGCTTCGGGAGGGGGAGAGACTGACCCTGCCGCAGCTGGCTGACACCTACGAGACGCTG
GCCATCGAGGGTGCCCAGGCCTTCTACAACGGCAGCCTCACGGCCCAGATTGTGAAGGAC
ATCCAGGCGGCCGGGGGCATTGTGACAGCTGAGGACCTGAACAACTACCGTGCTGAGCTG
ATCGAGCACCCGCTGAACATCAGCCTGGGAGACGTGGTGCTGTACATGCCCAGTGCGCCG
CTCAGCGGGCCCGTGCTGGCCCTCATCCTCAACATCCTCAAAGGGTACAACTTCTCCCGG
GAGAGCGTGGAGAGCCCCGAGCAGAAGGGCCTGACGTACCACCGCATCGTAGAGGCTTTC
CGGTTTGCCTACGCCAAGAGGACCCTGCTTGGGGACCCCAAGTTTGTGGATGTGACTGAG
GTGGTCCGCAACATGACCTCCGAGTTCTTCGCTGCCCAGCTCCGGGCCCAGATCTCTGAC
GACACCACTCACCCGATCTCCTACTACAAGCCCGAGTTCTACACGCCGGATGACGGGGGC
ACTGCTCACCTGTCTGTCGTCGCAGAGGACGGCAGTGCTGTGTCCGCCACCAGCACCATC
AACCTCTACTTTGGCTCCAAGGTCCGCTCCCCGGTCAGCGGGATCCTGTTCAATAATGAA
ATGGACGACTTCAGCTCTCCCAGCATCACCAACGAGTTTGGGGTACCCCCCTCACCTGCC
AATTTCATCCAGCCAGGGAAGCAGCCGCTCTCGTCCATGTGCCCGACGATCATGGTGGGC
CAGGACGGCCAGGTCCGGATGGTGGTGGGAGCTGCTGGGGGCACACAGATCACCACGGCC
ACTGCACTGGCCATCATCTACAACCTCTGGTTCGGCTATGACGTGAAGCGGGCCGTGGAG
GAGCCCCGGCTGCACAACCAGCTTCTGCCCAACGTCACGACAGTGGAGAGAAACATTGAC
CAGGCAGTGACTGCAGCCCTGGAGACCCGGCACCATCACACCCAGATCGCGTCCACCTTC
ATCGCTGTGGTGCAAGCCATCGTCCGCACGGCTGGTGGCTGGGCAGCTGCCTCGGACTCC
AGGAAAGGCGGGGAGCCTGCCGGCTACTGA
Chromosome Location
22
Locus
22q11.23
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP19440
UniProtKB Entry NameGGT1_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID183138
GenBank Gene IDJ04131
GenAtlas IDGGT1
HGNC IDHGNC:4250
General References
  1. Rajpert-De Meyts E, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8840-4. [Article]
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  3. Pitot HC, Goodspeed D, Dunn T, Hendrich S, Maronpot RR, Moran S: Regulation of the expression of some genes for enzymes of glutathione metabolism in hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Jan;97(1):23-34. [Article]
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  8. Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R84. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [Article]
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  12. Chikhi N, Holic N, Guellaen G, Laperche Y: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene organization and expression: a comparative analysis in rat, mouse, pig and human species. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Apr;122(4):367-80. [Article]
  13. Tate SS, Ross ME: Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit. J Biol Chem. 1977 Sep 10;252(17):6042-5. [Article]
  14. Tate SS, Galbraith RA: In vitro translation and processing of human hepatoma cell (Hep G2) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Aug 15;154(3):1167-73. [Article]
  15. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N: Significance of Arg-107 and Glu-108 in the catalytic mechanism of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Identification by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):3980-5. [Article]
  16. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N, Meister A: Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mutants involving conserved aspartate residues and the unique cysteine residue of the light subunit. J Biol Chem. 1995 May 26;270(21):12471-5. [Article]
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  18. Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N: Effects of substitutions of the conserved histidine residues in human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. J Biochem. 1996 Jun;119(6):1166-70. [Article]
  19. Kristiansen TZ, Bunkenborg J, Gronborg M, Molina H, Thuluvath PJ, Argani P, Goggins MG, Maitra A, Pandey A: A proteomic analysis of human bile. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jul;3(7):715-28. Epub 2004 Apr 14. [Article]
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  21. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. doi: 10.1021/pr8008012. [Article]
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  24. West MB, Wickham S, Parks EE, Sherry DM, Hanigan MH: Human GGT2 does not autocleave into a functional enzyme: A cautionary tale for interpretation of microarray data on redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Dec 1;19(16):1877-88. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4997. Epub 2013 Jun 28. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00143Glutathioneapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknownDetails