Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase
Details
- Name
- Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase
- Synonyms
- 2.7.11.1
- hMELK
- hPK38
- KIAA0175
- pEg3 kinase
- Protein kinase Eg3
- Protein kinase PK38
- Tyrosine-protein kinase MELK
- Gene Name
- MELK
- Organism
- Humans
- Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0051850|Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase MKDYDELLKYYELHETIGTGGFAKVKLACHILTGEMVAIKIMDKNTLGSDLPRIKTEIEA LKNLRHQHICQLYHVLETANKIFMVLEYCPGGELFDYIISQDRLSEEETRVVFRQIVSAV AYVHSQGYAHRDLKPENLLFDEYHKLKLIDFGLCAKPKGNKDYHLQTCCGSLAYAAPELI QGKSYLGSEADVWSMGILLYVLMCGFLPFDDDNVMALYKKIMRGKYDVPKWLSPSSILLL QQMLQVDPKKRISMKNLLNHPWIMQDYNYPVEWQSKNPFIHLDDDCVTELSVHHRNNRQT MEDLISLWQYDHLTATYLLLLAKKARGKPVRLRLSSFSCGQASATPFTDIKSNNWSLEDV TASDKNYVAGLIDYDWCEDDLSTGAATPRTSQFTKYWTESNGVESKSLTPALCRTPANKL KNKENVYTPKSAVKNEEYFMFPEPKTPVNKNQHKREILTTPNRYTTPSKARNQCLKETPI KIPVNSTGTDKLMTGVISPERRCRSVELDLNQAHMEETPKRKGAKVFGSLERGLDKVITV LTRSKRKGSARDGPRRLKLHYNVTTTRLVNPDQLLNEIMSILPKKHVDFVQKGYTLKCQT QSDFGKVTMQFELEVCQLQKPDVVGIRRQRLKGDAWVYKRLVEDILSSCKV
- Number of residues
- 651
- Molecular Weight
- 74641.5
- Theoretical pI
- Not Available
- GO Classification
- FunctionsATP binding / calcium ion binding / lipid binding / non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity / protein serine/threonine kinase activityProcessesapoptotic process / cell proliferation / G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle / hemopoiesis / intracellular signal transduction / intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress / neural precursor cell proliferation / positive regulation of apoptotic process / protein autophosphorylationComponentscell cortex / membrane / nucleus / plasma membrane
- General Function
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell cycle regulation, self-renewal of stem cells, apoptosis and splicing regulation. Has a broad substrate specificity; phosphorylates BCL2L14, CDC25B, MAP3K5/ASK1 and ZNF622. Acts as an activator of apoptosis by phosphorylating and activating MAP3K5/ASK1. Acts as a regulator of cell cycle, notably by mediating phosphorylation of CDC25B, promoting localization of CDC25B to the centrosome and the spindle poles during mitosis. Plays a key role in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Required for proliferation of embryonic and postnatal multipotent neural progenitors. Phosphorylates and inhibits BCL2L14, possibly leading to affect mammary carcinogenesis by mediating inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of BCL2L14. Also involved in the inhibition of spliceosome assembly during mitosis by phosphorylating ZNF622, thereby contributing to its redirection to the nucleus. May also play a role in primitive hematopoiesis.
- Specific Function
- Atp binding
- Pfam Domain Function
- Transmembrane Regions
- Not Available
- Cellular Location
- Cell membrane
- Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0051851|Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) ATGAAAGATTATGATGAACTTCTCAAATATTATGAATTACATGAAACTATTGGGACAGGT GGCTTTGCAAAGGTCAAACTTGCCTGCCATATCCTTACTGGAGAGATGGTAGCTATAAAA ATCATGGATAAAAACACACTAGGGAGTGATTTGCCCCGGATCAAAACGGAGATTGAGGCC TTGAAGAACCTGAGACATCAGCATATATGTCAACTCTACCATGTGCTAGAGACAGCCAAC AAAATATTCATGGTTCTTGAGTACTGCCCTGGAGGAGAGCTGTTTGACTATATAATTTCC CAGGATCGCCTGTCAGAAGAGGAGACCCGGGTTGTCTTCCGTCAGATAGTATCTGCTGTT GCTTATGTGCACAGCCAGGGCTATGCTCACAGGGACCTCAAGCCAGAAAATTTGCTGTTT GATGAATATCATAAATTAAAGCTGATTGACTTTGGTCTCTGTGCAAAACCCAAGGGTAAC AAGGATTACCATCTACAGACATGCTGTGGGAGTCTGGCTTATGCAGCACCTGAGTTAATA CAAGGCAAATCATATCTTGGATCAGAGGCAGATGTTTGGAGCATGGGCATACTGTTATAT GTTCTTATGTGTGGATTTCTACCATTTGATGATGATAATGTAATGGCTTTATACAAGAAG ATTATGAGAGGAAAATATGATGTTCCCAAGTGGCTCTCTCCCAGTAGCATTCTGCTTCTT CAACAAATGCTGCAGGTGGACCCAAAGAAACGGATTTCTATGAAAAATCTATTGAACCAT CCCTGGATCATGCAAGATTACAACTATCCTGTTGAGTGGCAAAGCAAGAATCCTTTTATT CACCTCGATGATGATTGCGTAACAGAACTTTCTGTACATCACAGAAACAACAGGCAAACA ATGGAGGATTTAATTTCACTGTGGCAGTATGATCACCTCACGGCTACCTATCTTCTGCTT CTAGCCAAGAAGGCTCGGGGAAAACCAGTTCGTTTAAGGCTTTCTTCTTTCTCCTGTGGA CAAGCCAGTGCTACCCCATTCACAGACATCAAGTCAAATAATTGGAGTCTGGAAGATGTG ACCGCAAGTGATAAAAATTATGTGGCGGGATTAATAGACTATGATTGGTGTGAAGATGAT TTATCAACAGGTGCTGCTACTCCCCGAACATCACAGTTTACCAAGTACTGGACAGAATCA AATGGGGTGGAATCTAAATCATTAACTCCAGCCTTATGCAGAACACCTGCAAATAAATTA AAGAACAAAGAAAATGTATATACTCCTAAGTCTGCTGTAAAGAATGAAGAGTACTTTATG TTTCCTGAGCCAAAGACTCCAGTTAATAAGAACCAGCATAAGAGAGAAATACTCACTACG CCAAATCGTTACACTACACCCTCAAAAGCTAGAAACCAGTGCCTGAAAGAAACTCCAATT AAAATACCAGTAAATTCAACAGGAACAGACAAGTTAATGACAGGTGTCATTAGCCCTGAG AGGCGGTGCCGCTCAGTGGAATTGGATCTCAACCAAGCACATATGGAGGAGACTCCAAAA AGAAAGGGAGCCAAAGTGTTTGGGAGCCTTGAAAGGGGGTTGGATAAGGTTATCACTGTG CTCACCAGGAGCAAAAGGAAGGGTTCTGCCAGAGACGGGCCCAGAAGACTAAAGCTTCAC TATAACGTGACTACAACTAGATTAGTGAATCCAGATCAACTGTTGAATGAAATAATGTCT ATTCTTCCAAAGAAGCATGTTGACTTTGTACAAAAGGGTTATACACTGAAGTGTCAAACA CAGTCAGATTTTGGGAAAGTGACAATGCAATTTGAATTAGAAGTGTGCCAGCTTCAAAAA CCCGATGTGGTGGGTATCAGGAGGCAGCGGCTTAAGGGCGATGCCTGGGTTTACAAAAGA TTAGTGGAAGACATCCTATCTAGCTGCAAGGTATAA
- Chromosome Location
- 9
- Locus
- 9p13.2
- External Identifiers
Resource Link UniProtKB ID Q14680 UniProtKB Entry Name MELK_HUMAN HGNC ID HGNC:16870 - General References
- Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tanaka A, Nomura N: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. V. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0161-KIAA0200) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 1996 Feb 29;3(1):17-24. [Article]
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
- Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [Article]
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
- Seong HA, Gil M, Kim KT, Kim SJ, Ha H: Phosphorylation of a novel zinc-finger-like protein, ZPR9, by murine protein serine/threonine kinase 38 (MPK38). Biochem J. 2002 Feb 1;361(Pt 3):597-604. [Article]
- Davezac N, Baldin V, Blot J, Ducommun B, Tassan JP: Human pEg3 kinase associates with and phosphorylates CDC25B phosphatase: a potential role for pEg3 in cell cycle regulation. Oncogene. 2002 Oct 31;21(50):7630-41. [Article]
- Vulsteke V, Beullens M, Boudrez A, Keppens S, Van Eynde A, Rider MH, Stalmans W, Bollen M: Inhibition of spliceosome assembly by the cell cycle-regulated protein kinase MELK and involvement of splicing factor NIPP1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):8642-7. Epub 2003 Dec 29. [Article]
- Lizcano JM, Goransson O, Toth R, Deak M, Morrice NA, Boudeau J, Hawley SA, Udd L, Makela TP, Hardie DG, Alessi DR: LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1. EMBO J. 2004 Feb 25;23(4):833-43. Epub 2004 Feb 19. [Article]
- Gray D, Jubb AM, Hogue D, Dowd P, Kljavin N, Yi S, Bai W, Frantz G, Zhang Z, Koeppen H, de Sauvage FJ, Davis DP: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase/murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38 is a promising therapeutic target for multiple cancers. Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 1;65(21):9751-61. [Article]
- Mirey G, Chartrain I, Froment C, Quaranta M, Bouche JP, Monsarrat B, Tassan JP, Ducommun B: CDC25B phosphorylated by pEg3 localizes to the centrosome and the spindle poles at mitosis. Cell Cycle. 2005 Jun;4(6):806-11. Epub 2005 Jun 5. [Article]
- Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [Article]
- Badouel C, Korner R, Frank-Vaillant M, Couturier A, Nigg EA, Tassan JP: M-phase MELK activity is regulated by MPF and MAPK. Cell Cycle. 2006 Apr;5(8):883-9. Epub 2006 Apr 17. [Article]
- Beullens M, Vancauwenbergh S, Morrice N, Derua R, Ceulemans H, Waelkens E, Bollen M: Substrate specificity and activity regulation of protein kinase MELK. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 2;280(48):40003-11. Epub 2005 Oct 10. [Article]
- Chartrain I, Couturier A, Tassan JP: Cell-cycle-dependent cortical localization of pEg3 protein kinase in Xenopus and human cells. Biol Cell. 2006 Apr;98(4):253-63. [Article]
- Lin ML, Park JH, Nishidate T, Nakamura Y, Katagiri T: Involvement of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) in mammary carcinogenesis through interaction with Bcl-G, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R17. [Article]
- Marie SK, Okamoto OK, Uno M, Hasegawa AP, Oba-Shinjo SM, Cohen T, Camargo AA, Kosoy A, Carlotti CG Jr, Toledo S, Moreira-Filho CA, Zago MA, Simpson AJ, Caballero OL: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase transcript abundance correlates with malignancy grade in human astrocytomas. Int J Cancer. 2008 Feb 15;122(4):807-15. [Article]
- Nakano I, Masterman-Smith M, Saigusa K, Paucar AA, Horvath S, Shoemaker L, Watanabe M, Negro A, Bajpai R, Howes A, Lelievre V, Waschek JA, Lazareff JA, Freije WA, Liau LM, Gilbertson RJ, Cloughesy TF, Geschwind DH, Nelson SF, Mischel PS, Terskikh AV, Kornblum HI: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is a key regulator of the proliferation of malignant brain tumors, including brain tumor stem cells. J Neurosci Res. 2008 Jan;86(1):48-60. [Article]
- Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007. [Article]
- Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [Article]
- Pickard MR, Green AR, Ellis IO, Caldas C, Hedge VL, Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Williams GT: Dysregulated expression of Fau and MELK is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(4):R60. doi: 10.1186/bcr2350. Epub 2009 Aug 11. [Article]
- Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [Article]
- Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007. [Article]
- Hebbard LW, Maurer J, Miller A, Lesperance J, Hassell J, Oshima RG, Terskikh AV: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is upregulated and required in mammary tumor-initiating cells in vivo. Cancer Res. 2010 Nov 1;70(21):8863-73. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1295. Epub 2010 Sep 22. [Article]
- Moravcevic K, Mendrola JM, Schmitz KR, Wang YH, Slochower D, Janmey PA, Lemmon MA: Kinase associated-1 domains drive MARK/PAR1 kinases to membrane targets by binding acidic phospholipids. Cell. 2010 Dec 10;143(6):966-77. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.028. [Article]
- Badouel C, Chartrain I, Blot J, Tassan JP: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is stabilized in mitosis by phosphorylation and is partially degraded upon mitotic exit. Exp Cell Res. 2010 Aug 1;316(13):2166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.04.019. Epub 2010 Apr 24. [Article]
- Choi S, Ku JL: Resistance of colorectal cancer cells to radiation and 5-FU is associated with MELK expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Aug 26;412(2):207-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.060. Epub 2011 Jul 22. [Article]
- Nakano I, Joshi K, Visnyei K, Hu B, Watanabe M, Lam D, Wexler E, Saigusa K, Nakamura Y, Laks DR, Mischel PS, Viapiano M, Kornblum HI: Siomycin A targets brain tumor stem cells partially through a MELK-mediated pathway. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Jun;13(6):622-34. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nor023. Epub 2011 May 9. [Article]
- Zhou H, Di Palma S, Preisinger C, Peng M, Polat AN, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome. J Proteome Res. 2013 Jan 4;12(1):260-71. doi: 10.1021/pr300630k. Epub 2012 Dec 18. [Article]
- Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. [Article]