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Phenobarbital Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126831Drug actionNotably, the rate of absorption can be accelerated when the sodium salt is consumed as a diluted solution or taken on an empty stomach. … Renowned as the longest-lasting barbiturate, phenobarbital remains an essential therapeutic tool in managing diverse seizure types.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Glutamic acid · ATP · Phenobarbital · Calcium · Magnesium cation +3 morePrimidone Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126166Drug actionPrimidone does not directly interact with GABA-A receptors or chloride channels but phenobarbital does. … Primidone and its metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA), are active anticonvulsants.
Atropine M2 Cardiac Muscle Contraction Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124615Drug actionAtropine is a muscarinic antagonist that is used to treat atrioventricular heart block, bradycardia and for organophosphate anticholinesterase/pesticides poisoning. Atropine is an alkaloid originating from the plant Atropa Betalldonna an...
Enzymes: Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1, Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Fosphenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000326Drug actionMembrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium … The extra sodium and calcium ions that entered the cell during the action potential are extruded via sodium-potassium ATPases and NCX and intra- and extracellular ion concentrations are restored.
Enzymes: Sodium/calcium exchanger 1, Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaFosphenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Metabolism Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000618Drug metabolismMembrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium … The extra sodium and calcium ions that entered the cell during the action potential are extruded via sodium-potassium ATPases and NCX and intra- and extracellular ion concentrations are restored.
Enzymes: Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaPhenytoin (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000327Drug actionMembrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium … The extra sodium and calcium ions that entered the cell during the action potential are extruded via sodium-potassium ATPases and NCX and intra- and extracellular ion concentrations are restored.
Enzymes: Sodium/calcium exchanger 1, Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaPhenytoin Action Pathway (New)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126264Drug actionPhenytoin is often described as a non-specific sodium channel blocker and targets almost all voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes. … and time-dependent block of sodium-dependent action potentials.
Enzymes: Sodium channel subunit beta-2, Sodium channel subunit beta-1Fosphenytoin Action Pathway (New)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126257Drug actionBy promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes capable of reducing membrane sodium … Phenytoin acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation.
Enzymes: Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha