Identification
- Summary
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat poisoning by muscarinic agents, including organophosphates and other drugs.
- Brand Names
- Atnaa, Atropen, Busulfex, Donnatal, Duodote, Enlon-plus, Isopto Atropine, Lomotil, Minims Atropine Sulphate, Motofen, Phenohytro
- Generic Name
- Atropine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00572
- Background
An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly solanaceae.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Atropine (DB00572)
- Weight
- Average: 289.3694
Monoisotopic: 289.167793607 - Chemical Formula
- C17H23NO3
- Synonyms
- (±)-atropine
- (±)-hyoscyamine
- Atropin
- Atropina
- Atropine
- Atropinum
- dl-Hyoscyamine
- dl-tropyltropate
- Tropine tropate
- External IDs
- NSC 61810
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of poisoning by susceptible organophosphorous nerve agents having anti-cholinesterase activity (cholinesterase inhibitors) as well as organophosphorous or carbamate insecticides.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Amblyopia
- Atrioventricular Heart-block
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Crying
- Detrusor Hyperreflexia
- Excessive bronchial secretion
- Hypertonic uterine contraction
- Hypertonicity of the small intestine
- Ocular Inflammation
- Parkinsonism
- Peptic Ulcer
- Poisoning by parasympathomimetics (cholinergics)
- Poisoning caused by mushrooms
- Poisoning caused by organophosphate anticholinesterase nerve agents
- Poisoning caused by organophosphorus pesticides
- Pylorospasm
- Rhinorrhoea
- Sinus Bradycardia
- Spasms
- Toxic effect of organophosphate and carbamate
- Hypermobility of the colon
- Laughing
- Muscarinic side effects
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Atropine, a naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid, is a racemic mixture of equal parts of d- and l-hyoscyamine, whose activity is due almost entirely to the levo isomer of the drug. Atropine is commonly classified as an anticholinergic or antiparasympathetic (parasympatholytic) drug. More precisely, however, it is termed an antimuscarinic agent since it antagonizes the muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine and other choline esters. Adequate doses of atropine abolish various types of reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole. The drug also prevents or abolishes bradycardia or asystole produced by injection of choline esters, anticholinesterase agents or other parasympathomimetic drugs, and cardiac arrest produced by stimulation of the vagus. Atropine may also lessen the degree of partial heart block when vagal activity is an etiologic factor. Atropine in clinical doses counteracts the peripheral dilatation and abrupt decrease in blood pressure produced by choline esters. However, when given by itself, atropine does not exert a striking or uniform effect on blood vessels or blood pressure.
- Mechanism of action
Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, producing a wide range of anticholinergic effects.
Target Actions Organism AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 antagonistHumans AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 antagonistHumans UGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1 antagonistHumans UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 Not Available Humans UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 Not Available Humans - Absorption
Atropine is rapidly and well absorbed after intramuscular administration. Atropine disappears rapidly from the blood and is distributed throughout the various body tissues and fluids.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
The protein binding of atropine is 14 to 22% in plasma.
- Metabolism
Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver. From 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
- Route of elimination
Much of the drug is destroyed by enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly in the liver; from 13 to 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
- Half-life
3.0 ± 0.9 hours in adults. The half-life of atropine is slightly shorter (approximately 20 minutes) in females than males.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 75 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose includes widespread paralysis of parasympathetically innervated organs. Dry mucous membranes, widely dilated and nonresponsive pupils, tachycardia, fever and cutaneous flush are especially prominent, as are mental and neurological symptoms. In instances of severe intoxication, respiratory depression, coma, circulatory collapse and death may occur.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine 1,2-Benzodiazepine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Atropine. Acebutolol Atropine may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Acebutolol. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Atropine is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Atropine is combined with Acemetacin. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Atropine. Acetophenazine Acetophenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Atropine. Acetyldigitoxin Acetyldigitoxin may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Atropine. Acetylsalicylic acid The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Atropine is combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Atropine is combined with Aclidinium. Acrivastine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Acrivastine is combined with Atropine. 
Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take with food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Atropine hydrochloride EUF58V826B 33952-38-4 OJIPQOWZZMSBGY-RIMUKSHESA-N Atropine sulfate 03J5ZE7KA5 5908-99-6 JPKKQJKQTPNWTR-CHYDPLAESA-N Atropine sulfate anhydrous KAE4PSB0Z3 55-48-1 HOBWAPHTEJGALG-AADVZIIPSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Anespin (Oriental Chemical Works) / Antol (Ying Yuan) / AtroPen (Meridian) / Atropt (Sigma) / Atrospan (Fischer) / Bellapan (Farmapol) / Dysurgal (MaxMedic) / Kintropine (Synpac-Kingdom) / Tromine (The Central)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Alcon Atropine Solution 1 % w/v Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1964-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
ATROPEN Auto-Injector Injection 2 mg/0.7mL Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 2003-06-19 Not applicable US 
ATROPEN Auto-Injector Injection 0.25 mg/0.3mL Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 2004-09-17 Not applicable US ATROPEN Auto-Injector Injection 1 mg/0.7mL Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 2003-06-19 Not applicable US ATROPEN Auto-Injector Injection 2 mg/0.7mL Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 1973-05-15 Not applicable US ATROPEN Auto-Injector Injection 0.5 mg/0.7mL Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 2003-06-19 Not applicable US Atropine Solution 1 % Ophthalmic Pharma Stulln Inc. 1994-12-31 Not applicable Canada Atropine Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Akorn 2022-05-02 Not applicable US Atropine Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Mwi 2015-03-23 Not applicable US Atropine Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic A-S Medication Solutions 2014-07-18 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Atropine Solution / drops 10 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Apotex Corp. 2021-11-26 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous REMEDYREPACK INC. 2021-06-14 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection, solution 0.4 mg/1mL Endotracheal; Intramedullary; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Accord Healthcare Inc. 2021-03-25 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.4 mg/1mL Endotracheal; Intramedullary; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 2021-12-01 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.05 mg/1mL Intravenous Accord Healthcare, Inc., 2021-07-30 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous Medical Purchasing Solutions, Llc 2021-02-17 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous A-S Medication Solutions 2021-02-17 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous International Medication Systems, Limited 2021-02-17 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous Accord Healthcare, Inc., 2021-07-30 Not applicable US Atropine Sulfate Injection 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst 2021-04-25 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ISOPTO ATROPINE STERILE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 1% Solution 1 % Ophthalmic ALCON PTE LTD 1990-04-17 Not applicable Singapore ยูเมด้า อะโทรปิน Solution 0.5 mg/1ml บริษัท ยูเมด้า จำกัด 1999-09-21 2020-08-23 Thailand 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ATNAA atropine and pralidoxime chloride Auto-Injector Atropine (2.1 mg/0.7mL) + Pralidoxime chloride (600 mg/2mL) Kit Intramuscular Meridian Medical Technologies LLC 2002-01-17 Not applicable US BEAMOTIL TABLETS Atropine sulfate anhydrous (0.025 mg) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral BEACONS PHARMACEUTICALS PTE. LTD. 1991-06-01 Not applicable Singapore DHAMOTIL TABLET Atropine sulfate anhydrous (0.025 mg) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral DRUG HOUSES OF AUSTRALIA PTE. LTD. 1991-01-29 Not applicable Singapore Diban Cap Atropine sulfate (9.7 mcg) + Attapulgite (300 mg) + Hyoscyamine sulfate (0.0519 mg) + Opium (12 mg) + Pectin (71.4 mg) + Scopolamine (3.3 mcg) Capsule Oral Ayerst Laboratories 1992-12-31 1999-04-12 Canada Diban Cap Atropine sulfate (9.7 mcg) + Attapulgite (300 mg) + Hyoscyamine sulfate (0.0519 mg) + Opium (12 mg) + Pectin (71.4 mg) + Scopolamine (3.3 mcg) Capsule Oral Wyeth Ayerst Canada Inc. 1998-02-18 2001-01-30 Canada Diphenoxylate Hcl and Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/1) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Stat Rx USA 1979-10-29 Not applicable US Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride and Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/1) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral SpecGx LLC 2020-10-30 Not applicable US Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride and Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/1) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC 2010-11-30 Not applicable US 
Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride and Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/1) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral RedPharm Drug, Inc. 2013-02-27 Not applicable US Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride and Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/1) + Diphenoxylate hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral REMEDYREPACK INC. 2009-02-25 2017-12-07 US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ATROPIN GALEN 0,25 MG 10 AMPUL Atropine sulfate anhydrous (0.25 mg) Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous GALEN İLAÇ SAN.VE TİC.A.Ş 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
ATROPIN GALEN 0,5 MG 10 AMPUL Atropine sulfate anhydrous (0.5 mg) Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous GALEN İLAÇ SAN.VE TİC.A.Ş 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey ATROPIN GALEN 1 MG 10 AMPUL Atropine sulfate anhydrous (1 mg) Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous GALEN İLAÇ SAN.VE TİC.A.Ş 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey Atropine Care Atropine sulfate anhydrous (10 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Akorn, Inc 1995-06-01 2008-06-01 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intravenous REMEDYREPACK INC. 2018-03-05 2018-03-05 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate anhydrous (1 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous AMERICAN REGENT, INC. 1992-11-01 2011-09-29 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (10 mg/1mL) Solution Ophthalmic Bausch & Lomb Incorporated 1990-09-30 2016-09-30 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate anhydrous (0.1 mg/1mL) Injection Parenteral Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1973-06-01 2009-12-15 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.4 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Cardinal Health 2011-07-07 2018-10-31 US Atropine Sulfate Atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Henry Schein, Inc. 2022-01-09 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- S01FA01 — AtropineA03CB03 — Atropine and psycholeptics
- A03CB — Belladonna and derivatives in combination with psycholeptics
- A03C — ANTISPASMODICS IN COMBINATION WITH PSYCHOLEPTICS
- A03 — DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Adjuvants, Anesthesia
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Alkaloids
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- Anticholinergic Agents
- Antimuscarinics Antispasmodics
- Atropine Derivatives
- Autonomic Agents
- Aza Compounds
- Azabicyclo Compounds
- Belladonna Alkaloids
- Belladonna Alkaloids, Tertiary Amines
- Belladonna and Derivatives, Plain
- Bronchodilator Agents
- BSEP/ABCB11 Substrates
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Cholinergic Agents
- Drugs for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Muscarinic Antagonists
- Mydriatics
- Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Ophthalmologicals
- Parasympatholytics
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Respiratory System Agents
- Sensory Organs
- Solanaceous Alkaloids
- Tropanes
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tropane alkaloids. These are organic compounds containing the nitrogenous bicyclic alkaloid parent N-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Alkaloids and derivatives
- Class
- Tropane alkaloids
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Tropane alkaloids
- Alternative Parents
- Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives / Piperidines / N-alkylpyrrolidines / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Trialkylamines / Carboxylic acid esters / Amino acids and derivatives / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Azacyclic compounds / Primary alcohols show 4 more
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Beta-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester show 18 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- racemate (CHEBI:16684) / Tropane alkaloids, Alkaloids, Tropan alkaloids (C01479)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7C0697DR9I
- CAS number
- 51-55-8
- InChI Key
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16?
- IUPAC Name
- (1R,3S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
- SMILES
- CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Pei-Chang Wu, Hsi-Kung Kuo, Po-Chiung Fang, Jong-Jer Lee, Chih-Hsin Chen, "Low-concentration atropine solution for preventing myopia progression and preparing method thereof." U.S. Patent US20070254914, issued November 01, 2007.
US20070254914- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014712
- KEGG Drug
- D00113
- KEGG Compound
- C01479
- PubChem Compound
- 174174
- PubChem Substance
- 46507540
- ChemSpider
- 10194105
- BindingDB
- 50403547
- 1223
- ChEBI
- 78734
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL517712
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000377
- PharmGKB
- PA448505
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- PDBe Ligand
- OIN
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Atropine
- FDA label
- Download (164 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (73.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Myopia (Disorder) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Intraocular Pressure Changes During Tracheal Extubation 1 4 Completed Prevention Alzheimer's Disease (AD) / Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders / Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 1 4 Completed Prevention Arrhythmia / Respiratory Arrest (Disorder) 1 4 Completed Prevention Bradycardia 1 4 Completed Prevention Bradycardia / Dexmedetomidine / Spinal Anaesthesia 1 4 Completed Prevention Intubation, Endotracheal 1 4 Completed Prevention Myopia (Disorder) 1 4 Completed Screening Anesthesia; Functional 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Nausea / Vomiting 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Meridian medical technologies inc
- Solvay pharmaceuticals
- United states army office surgeon general
- Hospira inc
- Mission pharmacal co
- Packagers
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Akorn Inc.
- Alcon Laboratories
- American Regent
- Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
- APP Pharmaceuticals
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Baroli
- Bausch & Lomb Inc.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Bioniche Pharma
- Cardinal Health
- Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
- Clipper Distributing Co. LLC
- Contract Pharm
- Dispensing Solutions
- E. Fougera and Co.
- Falcon Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
- Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
- Hope Pharmaceuticals
- Hospira Inc.
- Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Mallinckrodt Inc.
- Mckesson Corp.
- Meridian Medical Technologies Inc.
- MWI Veterinary Supply Co.
- Nycomed Inc.
- Ocumed Inc.
- OMJ Pharmaceuticals
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pharmedium
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prometic Pharma Inc.
- Rx Veterinary Products
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Vedco Inc.
- Wa Butler Co.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Kit Intramuscular Injection Intramuscular 0.25 mg/0.3mL Injection, solution Parenteral Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 10 mg Injection, solution Intravenous 0.5 % Injection, solution Intravenous 1 % Ointment Ophthalmic 0.5 g/100ml Ointment Ophthalmic 0.5 % Ointment Ophthalmic 1 g/100ml Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 MG/ML Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 MG/ML Solution Ophthalmic Injection, solution 0.1 MG/ML Injection, solution Parenteral 0.21 MG/ML Injection, solution Parenteral 1 MG/ML Solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg Solution Intravenous 1 mg Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg Solution Intramuscular; Subcutaneous 1 mg Tablet Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 mg/1mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg / mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 600 mcg/ml Ointment Ophthalmic 1 % Injection Injection Endotracheal; Intramedullary; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg/1mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg/1mL Injection Intravenous 0.05 mg/1mL Injection Intravenous 0.1 mg/1mL Injection Intravenous; Parenteral 0.1 mg/1mL Injection Parenteral 0.1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Endotracheal; Intramedullary; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg/1mL Injection, solution Endotracheal; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.05 mg/1mL Injection, solution Endotracheal; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular 0.1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg/0.5mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.4 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.05 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.4 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 1 mg/1mL Ointment Ophthalmic 10 mg/1g Solution Ophthalmic 1 mg/1mL Liquid Intravenous .1 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.3 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.8 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.6 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.5 mg / 5 mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg / 5 mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3 mg / 10 mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous .6 mg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg / 10 mL Solution 0.6 mg/1ml Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.6 mg/ml Injection Parenteral Injection Parenteral 1 mg/ml Injection, solution Injection, solution Parenteral 0.5 mg/ml Solution Parenteral 1 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 mg / mL Solution Ophthalmic 10.0 mg/ml Tablet, film coated Oral 0.025 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic Capsule Oral Tablet Oral Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Injection, solution Intravenous Injection Intravenous Solution Ophthalmic 10 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic 1 % Tablet Oral 2.5 mg Ointment Ophthalmic Liquid Oral Solution Oral Tablet Oral 0.025 mg Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 600 mcg/ml Solution Ophthalmic 1 % w/v Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % w/v Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.025 % W/V Injection Intramuscular 0.5 mg/0.7mL Injection Intramuscular 1 mg/0.7mL Injection Intramuscular 2 mg/0.7mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/ml Elixir Oral Liquid Ophthalmic 1 % Syrup Oral 0.025 mg/5ml Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Tablet Solution 0.5 mg/1ml Solution 1 mg/1ml Tablet 0.6 mg Solution Suspension - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Atropine Sulfate 1% Solution 15ml Bottle 101.27USD bottle Isopto Atropine 1% Solution 15ml Bottle 34.65USD bottle Atropine powder 34.48USD g Isopto Atropine 1% Solution 5ml Bottle 26.59USD bottle Atropine Sulfate 1% Solution 5ml Bottle 16.82USD bottle Atropine Sulfate 1% Ointment 3.5 gm Tube 15.92USD tube Atropine-Care 1% Solution 2ml Bottle 7.99USD bottle Isopto atropine 1% eye drops 5.06USD ml Atropine-ns 1 mg/2.5 ml syr 4.8USD ml Atropine-ns 0.8 mg/2 ml syr 3.9USD ml Atropine 1% eye drops 2.88USD ml Atropine sulfate powder 2.06USD g Atropine care 1% eye drops 2.03USD ml Atropine-ns 2 mg/5 ml syringe 1.92USD ml Atropine Sulfate 0.4 mg/ml 1.6USD ml Atropine Sulfate 0.6 mg/ml 1.6USD ml Atropine 1 mg/ml vial 1.44USD ml Atropine Sulfate 0.4 mg/ml Solution 1.22USD ml Atropine 0.4 mg/0.5 ml ampul 1.2USD ampul Atropine 1 mg/ml ampul 1.2USD ml Atropine 0.4 mg/ml vial 0.96USD ml Isopto Atropine 1 % Solution 0.68USD ml Sal-tropine 0.4 mg tablet 0.36USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 118.5 °C PhysProp water solubility 2200 mg/L (at 25 °C) DEHN,WM (1917) logP 1.83 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) logS -2.12 ADME Research, USCD pKa 9.43 SANGSTER (1994) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 2.52 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.19 ALOGPS logP 1.57 ChemAxon logS -2.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.15 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.39 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 49.77 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 ChemAxon Refractivity 80.82 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 31.28 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9286 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9569 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8866 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.6542 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8595 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.7956 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7041 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.6838 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5496 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9275 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9285 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.95 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9113 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7742 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9631 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.5527 Rat acute toxicity 2.7305 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8354 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.5378
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
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Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11229
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
- Molecular Weight
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID
- P08172
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
- Molecular Weight
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Roman S, Badia A, Camps P, Munoz-Torrero D, Clos MV: Nicotinic-receptor potentiator drugs, huprine X and galantamine, increase ACh release by blocking AChE activity but not acting on nicotinic receptors. Brain Res. 2005 Nov 9;1061(2):73-9. Epub 2005 Oct 24. [Article]
- Minaba M, Ichiyama S, Kojima K, Ozaki M, Kato Y: Activation of nematode G protein GOA-1 by the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 subtype. Functional coupling of G-protein-coupled receptor and G protein originated from evolutionarily distant animals. FEBS J. 2006 Dec;273(24):5508-16. Epub 2006 Nov 3. [Article]
- May LT, Lin Y, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A: Regulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and signaling by prolonged exposure to allosteric modulators. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jan;312(1):382-90. Epub 2004 Aug 27. [Article]
- Cembala TM, Forde SC, Appadu BL, Lambert DG: Allosteric interaction of the neuromuscular blockers vecuronium and pancuronium with recombinant human muscarinic M2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Aug 13;569(1-2):37-40. Epub 2007 May 22. [Article]
- Nelson CP, Nahorski SR, Challiss RA: Constitutive activity and inverse agonism at the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jan;316(1):279-88. Epub 2005 Sep 27. [Article]
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID
- P20309
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
- Molecular Weight
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM4
- Uniprot ID
- P08173
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
- Molecular Weight
- 53048.65 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM5
- Uniprot ID
- P08912
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
- Molecular Weight
- 60073.205 Da
References
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [Article]
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Jensen AA, Kristiansen U: Functional characterisation of the human alpha1 glycine receptor in a fluorescence-based membrane potential assay. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 May 1;67(9):1789-99. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeabl...
- Gene Name
- CHRNA4
- Uniprot ID
- P43681
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
- Molecular Weight
- 69956.47 Da
References
- Smulders CJ, Zwart R, Bermudez I, van Kleef RG, Groot-Kormelink PJ, Vijverberg HP: Cholinergic drugs potentiate human nicotinic alpha4beta2 acetylcholine receptors by a competitive mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 21;509(2-3):97-108. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeabl...
- Gene Name
- CHRNB2
- Uniprot ID
- P17787
- Uniprot Name
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2
- Molecular Weight
- 57018.575 Da
References
- Smulders CJ, Zwart R, Bermudez I, van Kleef RG, Groot-Kormelink PJ, Vijverberg HP: Cholinergic drugs potentiate human nicotinic alpha4beta2 acetylcholine receptors by a competitive mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 21;509(2-3):97-108. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Pedersen JM, Matsson P, Bergstrom CA, Hoogstraate J, Noren A, LeCluyse EL, Artursson P: Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft197. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at May 28, 2022 06:24