Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia.
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Viera AJ, Wouk N
Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia.
Am Fam Physician. 2015 Sep 15;92(6):487-95.
- PubMed ID
- 26371733 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are common causes of hyperkalemia. When severe, potassium disorders can lead to life-threatening cardiac conduction disturbances and neuromuscular dysfunction. Therefore, a first priority is determining the need for urgent treatment through a combination of history, physical examination, laboratory, and electrocardiography findings. Indications for urgent treatment include severe or symptomatic hypokalemia or hyperkalemia; abrupt changes in potassium levels; electrocardiography changes; or the presence of certain comorbid conditions. Hypokalemia is treated with oral or intravenous potassium. To prevent cardiac conduction disturbances, intravenous calcium is administered to patients with hyperkalemic electrocardiography changes. Insulin, usually with concomitant glucose, and albuterol are preferred to lower serum potassium levels in the acute setting; sodium polystyrene sulfonate is reserved for subacute treatment. For both disorders, it is important to consider potential causes of transcellular shifts because patients are at increased risk of rebound potassium disturbances.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Interactions
Drugs Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcebutololPotassium chloride Potassium chloride may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol. AcebutololPotassium citrate Potassium citrate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol. AcebutololPotassium bicarbonate Potassium bicarbonate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol. AcebutololPotassium acetate Potassium acetate may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol. AcebutololPotassium alum Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol.