NADH is a nutrient used in some supplement products. NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.
- Mechanism
- Curator reviewed
NADH is synthesized by the body and thus is not an essential nutrient. It does require the essential nutrient nicotinamide for its synthesis, and its role in energy production is certainly an essential one. In addition to its role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADH is produced in the cytosol. The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, and this permeability barrier effectively separates the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial NADH pools. However, cytoplasmic NADH can be used for biologic energy production. This occurs when the malate-aspartate shuttle introduces reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. This shuttle mainly occurs in the liver and heart.
- Primary indication
- Some evidence suggests that NADH might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.Curator reviewed · 5 structured indications
- Formula / weight
- C21H29N7O14P2 · 665.441 g/mol (avg)
- First approval
- United States, 2015
- Also known as
- DPNH · NAD reduced form · Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate · Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
- Brand names
Resolves to
BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-NSMILESNC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OWhat you can answer from here — as of September 12, 2026
Which drugs share a target with NADH, and which of those have an active Phase 3 trial?
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