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The Oncogenic Action of L-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002358DiseaseThe compound 2-hydroxyglutarate is the product of gain-of-function mutations producing mutIDH1 and mutIDH2 in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). … L-2-Hydroxyglutarate is an oncometabolite and is produced by gain-of-function IDH mutations. When IDH is mutated, L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid production is increased.
Enzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialThe Oncogenic Action of Succinate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002292Disease3, (also known as EglN2,1 and 3). … Under hypoxic conditions, HIF alpha escapes hydroxylation and degration.
Enzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialThe Oncogenic Action of Fumarate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002295Disease3, (also known as EglN2,1 and 3). … Under hypoxic conditions, HIF alpha escapes hydroxylation and degration.
Enzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialThe Oncogenic Action of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxyglutaric aciduria
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002359DiseaseThe compound 2-hydroxyglutarate is the product of gain-of-function mutations producing mutIDH1 and mutIDH2 in the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). … D-2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases resulting in genetic changes and malignancies.
Enzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialImmunometabolism Pathway (Bacterial Activation)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125484DiseaseAll these signals and effects combine to lead to the rapid and sustained production of large numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T-cells to fight the bacterial infection. … Higher nitric oxide (NO) levels lead to blood vessel dilation and reduced blood pressure, which in its most extreme form, can be a major problem in sepsis.
Enzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta, Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialAerobic Glycolysis (Warburg Effect)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000654MetabolicProliferation may occur due to the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates (which lead to the production of nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids) after the final enzymatic reaction of glycolysis … The Warburg Effect is thought to be the result of mutations to oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes.
Enzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialBacterial Sepsis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125493DiseaseHigh levels of uremic toxins lead to liver, heart, brain and kidney injury [8]. Likewise excessive release of acylcarnitines from the heart and liver leads to heart and liver injury. … All these signals and effects combine to lead to the rapid and sustained production of large numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T-cells to fight the bacterial infection.
Enzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta, Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialImmunometabolism Pathway (Viral Activation)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125488DiseaseAll these signals and effects combine to lead to the rapid and sustained production of large numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T-cells to fight the viral infection. … Higher nitric oxide (NO) levels lead to blood vessel dilation and reduced blood pressure, which in its most extreme form, can be a major problem in sepsis.
Enzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta, Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialMitochondrial Electron Transport Chain
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000355MetabolicHowever, the inner membrane is only permeable to water, oxygen and carbon dioxide, and all other molecules, including protons, require transport proteins. … The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is permeable to ions and other small molecules and nothing in this pathway requires a specific transporter to enter into the intermembrane space.
Drugs: Succinic acid · NADH · ATP · D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate · sn-glycerol 3-phosphate · Mesoheme +3 moreEnzymes: Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrialViral Sepsis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125490DiseaseHigh levels of uremic toxins lead to liver, heart, brain and kidney injury [8]. Likewise excessive release of acylcarnitines from the heart and liver leads to heart and liver injury. … All these signals and effects combine to lead to the rapid and sustained production of large numbers of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T-cells to fight the viral infection.
Enzymes: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta, Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial