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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Hippuric Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123209MetabolicIt can reduce blood clotting and, in the kidney, inhibit organic acid secretion. It is associated with phenylketonuria, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I (genetic metabolic disorders). … After ingestion and absorption in the gut, benzoic acid is transported into the hepatic liver cell from blood where it undergoes two metabolic reactions.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123227MetabolicPhenyl glucuronide is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells. … Ultimately phenol undergoes a reaction in a liver hepatocyte through a glucuronosyltransferase enzyme to form Phenyl glucuronide.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123239MetabolicIndoxyl glucuronide is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells. … Indoxyl glucuronide is shown to cause a reduction in Erythropoetin production which ultimately results in renal anemia.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123300MetabolicKynurenic acid is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, and it also disrupts the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … Kynurenic acid is an indole uremic toxin compound that is formed through metabolism from dietary tryptophan in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of 4-Ethylphenylsulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125541MetabolicIn the intestine, the 4-Ethylphenol produced from both tyrosine and phenylalanine is metabolized via a sulfotransferase into the uremic toxin 4-Ethylphenylsulfate. 4-ethylphenol sulfate is a uremic toxin … which has been found to be correlated with autistic symptoms in rats.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Tyrosine · Iron · Oxogluric acid · Propanoic acid +3 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Imidazolepropionic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126521MetabolicHistidine can be obtained from the diet from foods such as meat and dairy and other foods high in protein. ImP is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). … ImP is a metabolite of histidine and it is formed from histidine via a urocanate intermediate in gut microbiota by the enzyme urocanate reductase (urdA).
Drugs: HistidineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylphenylalanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126720MetabolicIn addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free phenylalanine can also occur. … In particular, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine can be biosynthesized from L-phenylalanine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase.
Drugs: PhenylalanineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol sulphate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126844MetabolicIn particular, phenol sulphate can be biosynthesized from phenol and phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate through the action of the enzyme sulfotransferase 1A1 in the liver. … Phenol sulphate can be found in most mammals (mice, rats, sheep, dogs, humans) and likely most animals. Phenol sulphate is a uremic toxin.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Androsterone sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0127012MetabolicIt is a steroid sulfate which is formed from sulfation of androsterone by the steroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 and can be desulfated back into androsterone by steroid sulfatase. … Both testosterone and 5α-DHT are metabolized mainly in the liver.
Drugs: Testosterone2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreEnzymes: CAD protein