Tyrosine
Identification
- Name
- Tyrosine
- Accession Number
- DB00135
- Description
Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine. It is also the precursor of epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and melanin.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical
- Structure
Structure for Tyrosine (DB00135)
- Weight
- Average: 181.1885
Monoisotopic: 181.073893223 - Chemical Formula
- C9H11NO3
- Synonyms
- (−)-α-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid
- (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
- (S)-(-)-Tyrosine
- (S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
- (S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
- (S)-alpha-amino-4-Hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid
- (S)-Tyrosine
- (S)-α-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid
- 4-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine
- L-Tyrosin
- L-tyrosine
- Tirosina
- Tyr
- Tyrosine
- Tyrosinum
- Y
- External IDs
- FEMA NO. 3736
Pharmacology
- Indication
Tyrosine is claimed to act as an effective antidepressant, however results are mixed. Tyrosine has also been claimed to reduce stress and combat narcolepsy and chronic fatigue, however these claims have been refuted by some studies.
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid synthesized in the body from phenylalanine. Tyrosine is critical for the production of the body's proteins, enzymes and muscle tissue. Tyrosine is a precursor to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. It can act as a mood elevator and an anti-depressant. It may improve memory and increase mental alertness. Tyrosine aids in the production of melanin and plays a critical role in the production of thyroxin (thyroid hormones). Tyrosine deficiencies are manifested by hypothyroidism, low blood pressure and low body temperature. Supplemental tyrosine has been used to reduce stress and combat narcolepsy and chronic fatigue.
- Mechanism of action
Tyrosine is produced in cells by hydroxylating the essential amino acid phenylalanine. This relationship is much like that between cysteine and methionine. Half of the phenylalanine required goes into the production of tyrosine; if the diet is rich in tyrosine itself, the requirements for phenylalanine are reduced by about 50%. The mechanism of L-tyrosine's antidepressant activity can be accounted for by the precursor role of L-tyrosine in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects.
Target Actions Organism UTyrosine 3-monooxygenase binderHumans UTyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial Not Available Humans UTyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic Not Available Humans UTyrosine aminotransferase Not Available Humans - Absorption
L-tyrosine is absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active transport process.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
In the liver, L-tyrosine is involved in a number of biochemical reactions, including protein synthesis and oxidative catabolic reactions. L-tyrosine that is not metabolized in the liver is distributed via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body.
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
L-Tyrosine has very low toxicity. There have been very few reports of toxicity. LD50 (oral, rat) > 5110 mg/kg.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
Pathway Category Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase Deficiency Disease Phenylketonuria Disease Tyrosine Metabolism Metabolic Catecholamine Biosynthesis Metabolic Tyrosinemia Type I Disease Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3) Disease Disulfiram Action Pathway Drug action Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism Metabolic Alkaptonuria Disease Hawkinsinuria Disease Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome) Disease Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the Newborn Disease Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A) Disease Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Metabolic - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Purchasing individual compounds or compound libraries for your research?
Learn More- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Tyrosine (10 mg) + Alanine (520 mg) + Arginine (290 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg) + Glycine (260 mg) + Histidine (120 mg) + Isoleucine (150 mg) + L-Lysine (145 mg) + Leucine (182.5 mg) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg) + Methionine (100 mg) + Phenylalanine (140 mg) + Proline (170 mg) + Serine (125 mg) + Sodium acetate (170 mg) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg) + Threonine (105 mg) + Tryptophan (45 mg) + Valine (145 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1996-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada 
2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Clinimix Tyrosine (10 mg) + Alanine (520 mg) + Arginine (260 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg) + Glycine (520 mg) + Histidine (110 mg) + Isoleucine (120 mg) + L-Lysine hydrochloride (145 mg) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (155 mg) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg) + Methionine (145 mg) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (155 mg) + Proline (105 mg) + Sodium acetate (170 mg) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg) + Threonine (105 mg) + Tryptophan (45 mg) + Valine (115 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1993-12-31 2015-08-05 Canada 2.5% Travasol Amino Acid Injection Without Electrolytes In 10% Dextrose Quickmix Tyrosine (10 mg) + Alanine (520 mg) + Arginine (260 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (10 g) + Glycine (520 mg) + Histidine (110 mg) + Isoleucine (120 mg) + L-Lysine hydrochloride (195 mg) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (155 mg) + Methionine (195 mg) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (155 mg) + Proline (105 mg) + Threonine (105 mg) + Tryptophan (45 mg) + Valine (115 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada 2.5%travasol Amino Acid InJ.W.eleC.W.25%dex Tyrosine (10 mg) + Alanine (520 mg) + Arginine (290 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (130.5 mg) + Glycine (260 mg) + Histidine (120 mg) + Isoleucine (150 mg) + L-Lysine (145 mg) + Leucine (182.5 mg) + Magnesium chloride (25.5 mg) + Methionine (100 mg) + Phenylalanine (140 mg) + Proline (170 mg) + Serine (125 mg) + Sodium acetate (170 mg) + Sodium chloride (29.3 mg) + Threonine (105 mg) + Tryptophan (45 mg) + Valine (145 mg) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-07-30 1998-08-13 Canada 2.75% Travas. Amino Acid InJ.W.elecw.25%dex Tyrosine (11 mg) + Alanine (570 mg) + Arginine (316 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg) + Glycine (283 mg) + Histidine (132 mg) + Isoleucine (165 mg) + L-Lysine (159.5 mg) + Leucine (201 mg) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg) + Methionine (110 mg) + Phenylalanine (154 mg) + Proline (187 mg) + Serine (137.5 mg) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg) + Sodium chloride (112 mg) + Threonine (115.5 mg) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg) + Valine (159.5 mg) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-07-30 1998-08-13 Canada 2.75% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 25% Dextrose Quickmix Tyrosine (11 mg) + Alanine (570 mg) + Arginine (285 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (25 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg) + Glycine (570 mg) + Histidine (120.5 mg) + Isoleucine (131.5 mg) + L-Lysine hydrochloride (159 mg) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (170 mg) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg) + Methionine (159 mg) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (170 mg) + Proline (115 mg) + Sodium acetate (215.5 mg) + Sodium chloride (112 mg) + Threonine (115 mg) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg) + Valine (126 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1996-02-02 2007-08-02 Canada 2.75% Travasol Amino Acid Injection With Electrolytes In 5% Dextrose Quickmix Tyrosine (11 mg) + Alanine (570 mg) + Arginine (285 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (215.5 mg) + Glycine (570 mg) + Histidine (120.5 mg) + Isoleucine (131.5 mg) + L-Lysine hydrochloride (159 mg) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (170 mg) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg) + Methionine (159 mg) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (170 mg) + Proline (115 mg) + Sodium acetate (256 mg) + Sodium chloride (112 mg) + Threonine (115 mg) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg) + Valine (126 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1993-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada 2.75%travasol Amino Acid InJ.W.eleC.W.5%dex. Tyrosine (11 mg) + Alanine (570 mg) + Arginine (316 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 g) + Dipotassium phosphate (261 mg) + Glycine (283 mg) + Histidine (132 mg) + Isoleucine (165 mg) + L-Lysine (159.5 mg) + Leucine (201 mg) + Magnesium chloride (51 mg) + Methionine (110 mg) + Phenylalanine (154 mg) + Proline (187 mg) + Serine (137.5 mg) + Sodium acetate (215 mg) + Sodium chloride (112 mg) + Threonine (115.5 mg) + Tryptophan (49.5 mg) + Valine (159.5 mg) Liquid Intravenous Clintec Nutrition Company 1996-12-31 1999-08-10 Canada 20% Prosol Tyrosine (0.05 g) + Alanine (2.76 g) + Arginine (1.96 g) + Aspartic acid (0.6 g) + D-Methionine (0.76 g) + Glutamic acid (1.02 g) + Glycine (2.06 g) + Histidine (1.18 g) + Isoleucine (1.08 g) + L-Lysine (1.35 g) + Leucine (1.08 g) + Methionine (0.76 g) + Phenylalanine (1 g) + Proline (1.34 g) + Serine (1.02 g) + Threonine (0.98 g) + Tryptophan (0.32 g) + Valine (1.44 g) Liquid Intravenous Baxter Laboratories 1996-10-09 Not applicable Canada 4.25% Amino Acid Injection Without Electrolytes In 20% Dextrose Quickmix Tyrosine (17 mg) + Alanine (880 mg) + Arginine (440 mg) + Dextrose, unspecified form (20 g) + Glycine (880 mg) + Histidine (186 mg) + Isoleucine (203 mg) + L-Lysine hydrochloride (246 mg) + L-Leucine hydrochloride (263 mg) + Methionine (246 mg) + Phenylalanine hydrochloride (263 mg) + Proline (178 mg) + Threonine (178 mg) + Tryptophan (76 mg) + Valine (195 mg) Solution Intravenous Baxter Corporation Clintec Nutrition Division 1995-12-31 2007-08-02 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Appbutamone Tyrosine (100 mg/1) + Bupropion hydrochloride (75 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-07-07 Not applicable US 
Appbutamone-D Tyrosine (100 mg/1) + Bupropion hydrochloride (75 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-07-07 Not applicable US Appformin Tyrosine (100 mg/1) + Metformin hydrochloride (500 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-02-07 Not applicable US Appformin-D Tyrosine (100 mg/1) + Metformin hydrochloride (500 mg/1) Kit Oral Physician Therapeutics Llc 2011-07-07 Not applicable US Clinimix Tyrosine (0.34 g/2L) + Alanine (17.60 g/2L) + Arginine (9.78 g/2L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.66 g/2L) + D-glucose monohydrate (300.00 g/2L) + Dipotassium phosphate (5.22 g/2L) + Glycine (8.76 g/2L) + Histidine (4.08 g/2L) + Isoleucine (5.10 g/2L) + L-Lysine (4.93 g/2L) + Leucine (6.20 g/2L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (1.02 g/2L) + Methionine (3.40 g/2L) + Phenylalanine (4.76 g/2L) + Proline (5.78 g/2L) + Serine (4.25 g/2L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (5.94 g/2L) + Sodium chloride (1.54 g/2L) + Threonine (3.57 g/2L) + Tryptophan (1.53 g/2L) + Valine (4.93 g/2L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US Clinimix Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + D-glucose monohydrate (75.00 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + L-Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Valine (1.60 g/1L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US Clinimix Tyrosine (0.11 g/1L) + Alanine (5.70 g/1L) + Arginine (3.17 g/1L) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.33 g/1L) + D-glucose monohydrate (100.00 g/1L) + Dipotassium phosphate (2.61 g/1L) + Glycine (2.84 g/1L) + Histidine (1.32 g/1L) + Isoleucine (1.65 g/1L) + L-Lysine (2.00 g/1L) + Leucine (2.01 g/1L) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.51 g/1L) + Methionine (1.10 g/1L) + Phenylalanine (1.54 g/1L) + Proline (1.87 g/1L) + Serine (1.38 g/1L) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (2.16 g/1L) + Sodium chloride (1.12 g/1L) + Threonine (1.16 g/1L) + Tryptophan (0.50 g/1L) + Valine (1.60 g/1L) Solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-10-25 2019-11-30 US Primene Tyrosine (0.11 g/250mL) + Alanine (2 g/250mL) + Arginine (2.1 g/250mL) + Aspartic acid (1.5 g/250mL) + Cysteine (0.47 g/250mL) + Glutamic acid (2.5 g/250mL) + Glycine (1 g/250mL) + Histidine (0.95 g/250mL) + Isoleucine (1.675 g/250mL) + L-Lysine (2.75 g/250mL) + Leucine (2.5 g/250mL) + Methionine (0.6 g/250mL) + Ornithine hydrochloride (0.8 g/250mL) + Phenylalanine (1.05 g/250mL) + Proline (0.75 g/250mL) + Serine (1 g/250mL) + Taurine (0.15 g/250mL) + Threonine (0.9 g/250mL) + Tryptophan (0.5 g/250mL) + Valine (1.9 g/250mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 US Synthamin Tyrosine (400 mg/1000mL) + Alanine (20.70 g/1000mL) + Arginine (11.50 g/1000mL) + Glycine (10.30 g/1000mL) + Histidine (4.80 g/1000mL) + Isoleucine (6 g/1000mL) + L-Lysine (5.80 g/1000mL) + Leucine (7.30 g/1000mL) + Methionine (4 g/1000mL) + Phenylalanine (5.60 g/1000mL) + Proline (6.80 g/1000mL) + Serine (5 g/1000mL) + Threonine (4.20 g/1000mL) + Tryptophan (1.80 g/1000mL) + Valine (5.80 g/1000mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2017-11-03 2020-06-30 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. These are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Tyrosine and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Phenylalanine and derivatives / Phenylpropanoic acids / L-alpha-amino acids / Amphetamines and derivatives / Aralkylamines / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Amino acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organopnictogen compounds show 4 more
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 3-phenylpropanoic-acid / Alpha-amino acid / Amine / Amino acid / Amphetamine or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group show 16 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- proteinogenic amino acid, L-alpha-amino acid, tyrosine, erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:17895) / Common amino acids (C00082)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 42HK56048U
- CAS number
- 60-18-4
- InChI Key
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
- SMILES
- N[[email protected]@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Hai-quan Mao, Kam W. Leong, "Biodegradable poly (phosphoester-co-desaminotyrosyl L-tyrosine ester) compounds, compositions, articles and methods for making and using the same." U.S. Patent US5912225, issued May, 1960.
US5912225- General References
- Hoffhines AJ, Damoc E, Bridges KG, Leary JA, Moore KL: Detection and purification of tyrosine-sulfated proteins using a novel anti-sulfotyrosine monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37877-87. Epub 2006 Oct 17. [PubMed:17046811]
- Molnar GA, Wagner Z, Marko L, Ko Szegi T, Mohas M, Kocsis B, Matus Z, Wagner L, Tamasko M, Mazak I, Laczy B, Nagy J, Wittmann I: Urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion in diabetes mellitus and renal failure: evidence for hydroxyl radical production. Kidney Int. 2005 Nov;68(5):2281-7. [PubMed:16221230]
- Molnar GA, Nemes V, Biro Z, Ludany A, Wagner Z, Wittmann I: Accumulation of the hydroxyl free radical markers meta-, ortho-tyrosine and DOPA in cataractous lenses is accompanied by a lower protein and phenylalanine content of the water-soluble phase. Free Radic Res. 2005 Dec;39(12):1359-66. [PubMed:16298866]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000158
- KEGG Drug
- D00022
- KEGG Compound
- C00082
- PubChem Compound
- 6057
- PubChem Substance
- 46507885
- ChemSpider
- 5833
- BindingDB
- 18129
- 10962
- ChEBI
- 58315
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL925
- ZINC
- ZINC000000266964
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000808
- PharmGKB
- PA451822
- PDBe Ligand
- TYR
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Tyrosine
- MSDS
- Download (72.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Illness, Critical / Starvation 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Cancer-related Malnutrition 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Illness, Critical 1 4 Terminated Supportive Care Parenteral Nutrition (No Primary Condition Studied) 1 4 Withdrawn Supportive Care Malnutrition 1 3 Completed Treatment General Surgery / Parenteral Feeding 1 3 Completed Treatment General Surgery / Parenteral Nutrition 1 3 Completed Treatment Hypersensitivity, Immediate 1 3 Completed Treatment Illness, Critical 1 3 Completed Treatment Infant, Low Birth Weight / Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Infants, Premature / Newborn Infants / Sepsis 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Baxter International Inc.
- Medisca Inc.
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 45 mg Injection, solution Intravenous 2.5 g/500mL Solution Intravenous 2.55 g/L Solution Intravenous 0.61 g/L Solution Intravenous 1.79 g/L Injection, solution Intravenous 22.35 g/1000ml Injection, solution Intravenous 10.5 g/1000ml Solution Parenteral 5.25 g Solution Intravenous 2.453 g Solution, concentrate Intravenous 5 g Injection, solution Intravenous Solution Parenteral 14 g Solution Intravenous 5 g Injection, solution Intravenous 1.4 g/100ml Solution Parenteral 2.5 g Solution Intravenous 3.7 g/1000ml Solution Intravenous 1.566 g Kit Oral Solution Intraperitoneal 951 mg/L Emulsion Parenteral 3.99 g/1085ml Emulsion Parenteral 2.05 g/1085ml Injection, solution Intravenous 16 g/1000ml Solution Intravenous 1.03 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous Injection, emulsion Intravenous 467 mg/100mL Injection Intravenous 110 g Injection Intravenous 165 g Injection Intravenous 220 g Injection Intravenous 275 g Injection Intravenous 107 g Injection Intravenous 143 g Injection Intravenous 178 g Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Injection, emulsion Parenteral 2.33 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.03 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.83 g Emulsion Intravenous 1.83 g Injection Intravenous 1.03 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.6 g/100mL Injection, emulsion; injection, solution Intravenous 3.2 g/100mL Injection, solution Intraperitoneal 95.1 mg/100mL Liquid Hemodialysis Solution Parenteral 95.1 mg Solution Intraperitoneal 510 mg/l Injection, emulsion Intravenous 12 g/1500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 32 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 0.52 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 0.42 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 1.6 g Injection Intravenous 2.27 g/l Injection Intravenous 4.12 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 4 g Solution Intravenous 7.14 g Solution Intravenous 9.52 g Solution Intravenous 11.9 g Emulsion Intravenous 6.41 g Emulsion Intravenous 9.61 g Emulsion Intravenous 12.82 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 6.41 g/1000ml Solution Intravenous 8.24 g Solution Intravenous 12.36 g Solution Intravenous 16.48 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 8.24 g/1000ml Solution Parenteral 1.48 g/l Injection, solution Intravenous 0.67 g/100ml Emulsion Parenteral 1.26 g Emulsion Intravenous Emulsion Intravenous 3 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 3.66 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 5.5 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 7.33 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 9.16 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 3.66 g/1000ml Injection, solution Intravenous 0.49 % Solution Intravenous Solution Intravenous 3.2 g/100mL Solution Intravenous 1.6 g/100mL Injection Intravenous 0.67 g/100ml Liquid Intravenous Solution Parenteral 800 mg Emulsion Parenteral 1.6 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 0.66 g/2531ml Emulsion Parenteral 0.61 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 440 mg Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.4 g/1000ml Emulsion Parenteral 0.71 g Emulsion Parenteral 3.1 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 7.1 g/1000ml Emulsion Parenteral 50 g Emulsion Parenteral 0.28 g Emulsion Parenteral 0.5 g Emulsion Parenteral 0.18 g Injection Intravenous Solution Intravenous 434 mg Solution Intravenous 594 mg Emulsion Parenteral 18.75 g Emulsion Parenteral 0.45 g Solution Intravenous 12 g/L Solution Intravenous 16 g/L Solution Intravenous 5.1 g/16g N Injection, solution Intravenous 6.3 g/1000ml Emulsion Parenteral 2.24 g Emulsion Parenteral 4.34 g Emulsion Parenteral 3.95 g Emulsion Parenteral 7 g Emulsion Parenteral 28 g/1000ml - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Tyrosine powder 1.16USD g L-tyrosine powder 0.94USD g DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 343 dec °C PhysProp water solubility 479 mg/L (at 25 °C) SEIDELL,A (1941) logP -2.26 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) logS -2.57 ADME Research, USCD pKa 2.2 (at 25 °C) LEHNINGER,A (1975) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 7.67 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -2.4 ALOGPS logP -1.5 ChemAxon logS -1.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.19 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 83.55 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 ChemAxon Refractivity 47.1 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 18.12 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 1 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (7.36 KB)
- Spectra
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons.
- Gene Name
- TH
- Uniprot ID
- P07101
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 58599.545 Da
References
- Olsovska J, Novotna J, Flieger M, Spizek J: Assay of tyrosine hydroxylase based on high-performance liquid chromatography separation and quantification of L-dopa and L-tyrosine. Biomed Chromatogr. 2007 Dec;21(12):1252-8. [PubMed:17604359]
- Bodnar I, Hechtl D, Szekacs D, Olah M, Nagy GM: Effect of local (intracerebral and intracerebroventricular) administration of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor on the neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons and prolactin release. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007 Mar 30;60(3-4):177-81. [PubMed:17451064]
- Rostrup M, Fossbakk A, Hauge A, Kleppe R, Gnaiger E, Haavik J: Oxygen dependence of tyrosine hydroxylase. Amino Acids. 2008 Apr;34(3):455-64. Epub 2007 May 23. [PubMed:17520326]
- Richards AB, Scheel TA, Wang K, Henkemeyer M, Kromer LF: EphB1 null mice exhibit neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars reticulata and spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 May;25(9):2619-28. [PubMed:17561836]
- Ugriumov MV: [Brain neurons partly expressing monoaminergic phenotype: distribution, development, and functional significance]. Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2007 Apr-Jun;38(2):3-25. [PubMed:17578016]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tyrosine-trna ligase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr).
- Gene Name
- YARS2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y2Z4
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 53198.56 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Zhang Y, Wang L, Schultz PG, Wilson IA: Crystal structures of apo wild-type M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and an engineered TyrRS specific for O-methyl-L-tyrosine. Protein Sci. 2005 May;14(5):1340-9. [PubMed:15840835]
- Kiga D, Sakamoto K, Kodama K, Kigawa T, Matsuda T, Yabuki T, Shirouzu M, Harada Y, Nakayama H, Takio K, Hasegawa Y, Endo Y, Hirao I, Yokoyama S: An engineered Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase for site-specific incorporation of an unnatural amino acid into proteins in eukaryotic translation and its application in a wheat germ cell-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):9715-20. Epub 2002 Jul 3. [PubMed:12097643]
- Kobayashi T, Nureki O, Ishitani R, Yaremchuk A, Tukalo M, Cusack S, Sakamoto K, Yokoyama S: Structural basis for orthogonal tRNA specificities of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases for genetic code expansion. Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):425-32. [PubMed:12754495]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Tyrosine-trna ligase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr).
- Gene Name
- YARS
- Uniprot ID
- P54577
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
- Molecular Weight
- 59143.025 Da
References
- Bonnefond L, Frugier M, Touze E, Lorber B, Florentz C, Giege R, Rudinger-Thirion J, Sauter C: Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase: the first crystallization of a human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2007 Apr 1;63(Pt 4):338-41. Epub 2007 Mar 30. [PubMed:17401211]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function
- Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using glutamic acid, with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate (in vitro). Has...
- Gene Name
- TAT
- Uniprot ID
- P17735
- Uniprot Name
- Tyrosine aminotransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 50398.895 Da
References
- Dong S, Kang S, Gu TL, Kardar S, Fu H, Lonial S, Khoury HJ, Khuri F, Chen J: 14-3-3 Integrates prosurvival signals mediated by the AKT and MAPK pathways in ZNF198-FGFR1-transformed hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2007 Jul 1;110(1):360-9. Epub 2007 Mar 27. [PubMed:17389761]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Very active and specific thyroid hormone transporter. Stimulates cellular uptake of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and diidothyronine. Does not transport Leu,...
- Gene Name
- SLC16A2
- Uniprot ID
- P36021
- Uniprot Name
- Monocarboxylate transporter 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59510.86 Da
References
- Friesema EC, Ganguly S, Abdalla A, Manning Fox JE, Halestrap AP, Visser TJ: Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):40128-35. Epub 2003 Jul 18. [PubMed:12871948]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells (By similarity).
- Gene Name
- SLC16A10
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TF71
- Uniprot Name
- Monocarboxylate transporter 10
- Molecular Weight
- 55492.07 Da
References
- Kim DK, Kanai Y, Matsuo H, Kim JY, Chairoungdua A, Kobayashi Y, Enomoto A, Cha SH, Goya T, Endou H: The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103. [PubMed:11827462]
- Kim DK, Kanai Y, Chairoungdua A, Matsuo H, Cha SH, Endou H: Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):17221-8. Epub 2001 Feb 20. [PubMed:11278508]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on September 03, 2020 19:00
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