Iron
Identification
- Name
- Iron
- Accession Number
- DB01592
- Description
A metallic element found in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in mineral waters. It is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Iron (DB01592)
- Weight
- Average: 55.845
Monoisotopic: 55.934942133 - Chemical Formula
- Fe
- Synonyms
- Carbonyl iron
- Eisen
- Electrolytic iron
- Fe
- fer
- Ferrum
- Ferrum metallicum
- Hierro
- Iron powder
- Iron, carbonyl
- Iron, electrolytic
- Iron, elemental
- Iron, reduced
- Reduced iron
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used in preventing and treating iron-deficiency anemia.
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
The major activity of supplemental iron is in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Iron has putative immune-enhancing, anticarcinogenic and cognition-enhancing activities.
- Mechanism of action
Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin and a microcytic, hypochromic anemia.
Target Actions Organism UTransferrin receptor protein 1 Not Available Humans UEgl nine homolog 1 Not Available Humans UHistone deacetylase 8 cofactorHumans UAlpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein Not Available Humans UHemoglobin subunit alpha Not Available Humans UFrataxin, mitochondrial Not Available Humans UFerritin heavy chain Not Available Humans UFlap endonuclease 1 Not Available Humans UEndonuclease 8-like 1 Not Available Humans UEndonuclease 8-like 2 Not Available Humans UDNA polymerase beta Not Available Humans UCeruloplasmin Not Available Humans USerotransferrin Not Available Humans - Absorption
The efficiency of absorption depends on the salt form, the amount administered, the dosing regimen and the size of iron stores. Subjects with normal iron stores absorb 10% to 35% of an iron dose. Those who are iron deficient may absorb up to 95% of an iron dose.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
Acute iron overdosage can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, which occurs up to six hours after ingestion, the principal symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia and CNS depression ranging from lethargy to coma. The second phase may occur at 6-24 hours after ingestion and is characterized by a temporary remission. In the third phase, gastrointestinal symptoms recur accompanied by shock, metabolic acidosis, coma, hepatic necrosis and jaundice, hypoglycemia, renal failure and pulmonary edema. The fourth phase may occur several weeks after ingestion and is characterized by gastrointestinal obstruction and liver damage. In a young child, 75 milligrams per kilogram is considered extremely dangerous. A dose of 30 milligrams per kilogram can lead to symptoms of toxicity. Estimates of a lethal dosage range from 180 milligrams per kilogram and upwards. A peak serum iron concentration of five micrograms or more per ml is associated with moderate to severe poisoning in many.
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional DataAlmasilate Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Iron resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Iron resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Iron resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Benazepril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be decreased when Iron is combined with Benazepril. Calcium Phosphate Iron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium Phosphate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Calcium phosphate dihydrate Iron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Captopril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be decreased when Iron is combined with Captopril. Carbidopa Iron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbidopa resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Cefdinir Iron can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cefdinir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Cilazapril The risk or severity of adverse effects can be decreased when Iron is combined with Cilazapril. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended DescriptionAvailable for Purchase
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - SeveritySeverityAvailable for Purchase
A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.
Learn more - Evidence LevelEvidence LevelAvailable for Purchase
A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.
Learn more - ActionActionAvailable for Purchase
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Many different products contain iron; refer to the product monograph for more specific instruction. Taking iron with food may reduce gastric irritation.
Products
- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Ferrous cation ionic GW89581OWR 15438-31-0 CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Ed-In-Sol / Fe-40 / Feosol (GlaxoSmithkline) / Feostat / Fer-In-Sol / Feratab (Upsher-Smith) / Ferate / Fergon / Ferralet / Ferretts / Ferro sanol / Ferro-Caps / Ferro-Time / Ferrousal / Siderol / Simron / Slow Fe / Vitedyn-Slo / Yieronia
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataDexiron Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous American Regent, Inc 1996-09-06 Not applicable Canada 
Infufer Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous Sandoz Canada Incorporated 1997-02-07 2016-12-01 Canada Iron Chews Tablet, chewable 15 mg/1 Oral Mayne Pharma 2009-01-01 2016-12-31 US 
Monoferric Solution 100 mg Intravenous Pharmacosmos A/S 2018-10-17 Not applicable Canada Venofer Solution 20 mg Intravenous American Regent, Inc 2001-06-05 Not applicable Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataPMS-iron Sucrose Solution Intravenous Pharmascience Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataChelated Iron 25mg - Caplet Tablet Oral Health Wise Nutrition Inc. 1995-12-31 2002-07-18 Canada Chelated Iron Supplement - Tab Tablet Oral Albion 1996-09-06 2002-09-30 Canada Chelated Iron Tab 25mg Tablet Oral Gahler Enterprises Ltd. 1984-12-31 2008-07-17 Canada Fe-chelate Tab Tablet Oral Nutri West Products Ltd. 1994-12-31 1997-08-05 Canada Fera Liq 16.7mg/15ml Liquid Oral Inno Vite Incorporated 1987-12-31 2007-07-31 Canada Iron Capsule 40 mg Oral Seroyal International Inc. 1994-12-31 2008-10-09 Canada Iron Amino Chelate Tab 37mg Tablet Oral Pure Life International Prods Inc. 1992-12-31 2000-07-27 Canada Iron Chelate 25 mg Tablet Oral Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2002-03-13 2006-08-08 Canada Iron Proteinate Chelate Tab 25mg Tablet Oral Country Health Laboratories Ltd. 1982-12-31 2001-07-27 Canada Iron Proteinate Tab 25mg Tablet Oral Albi Naturals 1979-12-31 2008-07-17 Canada Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Actyform Iron (4.18 mg) + Copper (1 mg) + Magnesium (61.15 mg) + Zinc (9 mg) Capsule Oral Technodiet S.E.N.C. 1999-10-26 2008-08-13 Canada Advanced B & T Formula Iron (1.67 mg) + Ascorbic acid (33.3 mg) + Calcium (200 mg) + Chromium (33.33 mcg) + Copper (0.5 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (6.67 mcg) + Folic acid (0.133 mg) + Magnesium (83.3 mg) + Manganese (3.33 mg) + Nicotinamide (6.67 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg) + Phosphorus (100 mg) + Potassium (16.67 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6.67 mg) + Riboflavin (2.67 mg) + Selenium (33.33 mcg) + Silicon (0.333 mg) + Sodium molybdate (16.67 mcg) + Thiamine (2.67 mg) + Vanadium (8.33 mg) + Vitamin D (66.67 unit) + Zinc (5 mg) Capsule Oral Nutraceutical Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Calcium Et Magnesium Plus Vitamine D/fe/zn Iron (10 mg) + Calcium (400 mg) + Magnesium (167 mg) + Vitamin D (220 unit) + Zinc (10 mg) Tablet Oral Laboratoire Lalco Inc. 1993-12-31 2008-07-29 Canada Chela Iron Plus C,b Complex Iron (50 mg) + Calcium ascorbate (100 mg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (30 mcg) + Folic acid (.4 mg) + Iodine (100 mcg) + Manganese (2 mg) + Nicotinamide (15 mg) + Pantothenic acid (15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (5 mg) + Riboflavin (2 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (5 mg) Tablet Oral Nu Life Nutrition Ltd. 1986-12-31 2000-03-03 Canada Chelamins Plus Tab Iron (15 mg) + Calcium (350 mg) + Chromium (50 mcg) + Copper (1.5 mg) + Iodine (.15 mg) + Magnesium (175 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Phosphorus (75 mg) + Potassium (47.5 mg) + Selenium (25 mcg) + Vitamin D (200 unit) + Zinc (11.25 mg) Tablet Oral Nu Life Nutrition Ltd. 1988-12-31 2000-03-03 Canada Children's Chewable Multi-vitamin Complete With Minerals Iron (4 mg) + Ascorbic acid (50 mg) + Biotin (30 mcg) + Calcium (160 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Copper (1 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (3 mcg) + Folic acid (0.1 mg) + Nicotinamide (15 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1 mg) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (1.5 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (5000 unit) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 unit) Tablet Oral Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 2000-03-01 2001-07-18 Canada Children's Chewable Vit and Min Tab Iron (5 mg) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg) + Beta carotene (5000 unit) + Biotin (10 mcg) + Calcium (65 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Choline bitartrate (5 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg) + Folic acid (.2 mg) + Inositol (5 mg) + Magnesium (25 mg) + Manganese (1 mg) + Nicotinamide (10 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg) + Potassium (5 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (5 mg) + Riboflavin (5 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (5 mg) + Vitamin E (25 unit) + Zinc (2 mg) Tablet Oral Gahler Enterprises Ltd. 1990-12-31 2002-09-11 Canada Childrens Chewab Vitamin W Chel Minerals Iron (5 mg) + Ascorbic acid (75 mg) + Biotin (50 mcg) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (25 unit) + Folic acid (10 mcg) + Iodine (1 mg) + Nicotinamide (10 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Pyridoxine (5 mg) + Riboflavin (5 mg) + Thiamine (5 mg) + Vitamin A (5000 unit) + Vitamin D (400 unit) Tablet Oral Anabolic Laboratories Inc. 1981-12-31 1996-10-02 Canada CitraNatal 90 DHA Iron (90 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (160 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium triiodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboprine (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin D (400 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Mission Pharmacal 2010-02-01 Not applicable US CitraNatal DHA Iron (27 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin D (400 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Mission Pharmacal 2007-11-20 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Active FE Iron (75 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (160 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2100 [iU]/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (40 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1250 ug/1) + Magnesium oxide (30 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1) Tablet Oral Gm Pharmaceuticals 2013-11-11 Not applicable US Active OB Iron (20 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (320 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (30 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled Oral Gm Pharmaceuticals 2013-10-28 2017-03-31 US BioFerr 90 Iron (88.5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (138 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (16.8 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (55 mg/1) + Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13.2 mg/1) + Folic acid (1.4 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Biocomp Pharma, Inc. 2014-07-01 Not applicable US BumP DHA Iron (15 mg/1) + Cobamamide (500 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (1 mg/1) + Flavin mononucleotide (2 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (125 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (250 ug/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Zinc glycinate (15 1/1) Capsule Oral Centurion Labs 2017-03-24 2017-04-17 US Cavan Alpha Iron (27 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-07-01 2013-09-30 US Cavan Heme OB Iron (28 mg/1) + Biotin (30 ug/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (0.8 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Niacin (17 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (175 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.6 mg/1) + Sodium selenate (65 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.5 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (10 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-08-03 2012-06-10 US Cavan One Iron (20 mg/1) + Calcium (150 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (25 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (170 [iU]/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (260 mg/1) + Ferrous asparto glycinate (7 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (40 mg/1) + Linoleic acid (30 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + alpha-Linolenic acid (30 mg/1) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2009-10-30 2011-11-27 US Centratex Iron (106 mg/1) + Cupric sulfate (0.8 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (15 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium sulfate (6.9 mg/1) + Manganese sulfate (1.3 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (30 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Riboflavin (6 mg/1) + Sodium ascorbate (200 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (10 mg/1) + Zinc sulfate, unspecified form (18.2 mg/1) Capsule Oral Centurion Labs, LLC 2009-06-14 Not applicable US CitraNatal 90 DHA Iron (85 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (159 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (5 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (4.54 mg/1) + Vitamin D (400 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Mission Pharmacal Company 2014-04-11 Not applicable US CitraNatal 90 DHA Iron (90 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (160 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium triiodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboprine (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Vitamin D (400 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) Tablet Oral Mission Pharmacal 2010-02-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- B03AE02 — Iron, multivitamins and folic acid
- B03AE — Iron in other combinations
- B03A — IRON PREPARATIONS
- B03 — ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- A11AA — Multivitamins with minerals
- A11A — MULTIVITAMINS, COMBINATIONS
- A11 — VITAMINS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- B03AE — Iron in other combinations
- B03A — IRON PREPARATIONS
- B03 — ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- B03AE — Iron in other combinations
- B03A — IRON PREPARATIONS
- B03 — ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS
- B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Antianemia Drugs
- Antianemic Preparations
- Blood and Blood Forming Organs
- Diet, Food, and Nutrition
- Elements
- Food
- Food and Beverages
- Growth Substances
- Iron Compounds
- Iron Preparations
- Metals
- Metals, Heavy
- Micronutrients
- Minerals
- Organometallic Compounds
- Physiological Phenomena
- Supplements
- Trace Elements
- Transition Elements
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Homogeneous metal compounds
- Class
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Homogeneous transition metal compounds
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Homogeneous transition metal
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- elemental iron (CHEBI:82664)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- E1UOL152H7
- CAS number
- 7439-89-6
- InChI Key
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Fe
- IUPAC Name
- iron
- SMILES
- [Fe]
References
- Synthesis Reference
Walter Lugscheider, Paul Mullner, Wilhelm Schiffer, Alois Leutgob, "Arrangement for producing metals, such as molten pig iron, steel pre-material and ferroalloys." U.S. Patent US4617671, issued 0000.
US4617671- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015531
- KEGG Compound
- C00023
- PubChem Compound
- 23925
- PubChem Substance
- 46509190
- ChemSpider
- 22368
- 262150
- ChEBI
- 18248
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001313
- PharmGKB
- PA450087
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Iron
- AHFS Codes
- 20:04.00 — Antianemia Drugs
- 20:04.04 — Iron Preparations
- 88:29.00* — Minerals
- FDA label
- Download (100 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (75.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Anemia 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Anemia / Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) 1 4 Completed Health Services Research Pregnant State 1 4 Completed Prevention Anemia Ferropenic / Risk of Hemoconcentration (Iron Levels >130g/L) 1 4 Completed Prevention Anemia / Child Behavior Disorders / Cognitive Manifestations / Iron Deficiency / Iron-Deficiency 1 4 Completed Prevention Hematologic Pregnancy Complications 1 4 Completed Prevention Iron Deficiency / Iron-Deficiency 1 4 Completed Treatment Anemia 2 4 Completed Treatment Anemia / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 1 4 Completed Treatment Anemia / Complications, Pregnancy 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Accucaps Industries Ltd.
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Cardinal Health
- Centrix Pharmaceuticals
- Contract Pharm
- Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Dayton Pharmaceuticals
- Edwards Pharmaceuticals
- Equipharm Inc.
- Haupt Pharma
- Lehigh Valley Technologies Inc.
- Mallinckrodt Inc.
- Marlop Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Midlothian Labs
- Nature's Bounty
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Puretek Corp.
- Rising Pharmaceuticals
- River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
- Roxmar Laboratories
- Seyer Pharmatec Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 1 mcg/mL Solution Oral 6.66 mg Solution Oral 600 mg Capsule Oral 5 mg Capsule Oral 0.4 mg Capsule Oral 15 IU Tablet, film coated Oral 25 mcg Tablet, film coated Oral 8.5 mcg Tablet Oral 4 mcg Tablet, film coated Oral 5 mcg Tablet Oral 582.5 IU Capsule Oral 400 mcg Solution Intravenous 100 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule Oral Tablet 4000 IU Capsule 4000 IU Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Tablet, film coated Oral 125 mg Tablet Oral 4000 IU Solution Intravenous 100 mg/5ml Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet Oral 350 mcg Syrup Oral 1 g Syrup Oral 40 mg/5mL Solution Oral 50 mg Liquid Oral Injection Intramuscular 100 mg/2ml Injection, solution Intravenous 500 mg/10mL Capsule Oral 50 mg Tablet, extended release Oral 500 MG Syrup Oral 20 mg/5ml Capsule Oral 30 mg Solution Intramuscular 400 mg Suspension Oral 30 mg Suspension Oral 5 mg Syrup Oral 50 mg/5ml Capsule 60 mg Syrup Oral 3000 mg Capsule, delayed release Oral 0.6 mg Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 40 mg Tablet, delayed release Oral Tablet Oral 18 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 1 mg Capsule Oral 100 mg Solution Intravenous 20 mg Elixir Oral 195 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 400 cg Capsule Oral 4 mg Tablet, coated Oral Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous Capsule Oral 40 mg Tablet Oral Tablet, chewable Oral 15 mg/1 Capsule, liquid filled Oral 750 mcg Syrup Oral 35.7 mg/1mL Tablet, chewable Oral 100 mg Solution / drops Oral 50 mg/ml Tablet, chewable Oral 350 mcg Tablet, film coated Oral 1200 mcg Capsule Oral 750 mcg Injection, solution Intravenous 100 MG/ML Solution / drops Oral Solution Oral Capsule Oral 1828 µg Powder, for solution Oral Liquid Oral Capsule Oral 50 mg/1 Liquid Oral 15 mg/1mL Syrup Oral 30 mg Tablet Oral 10 mg Liquid Oral 2500 IU/5ml Capsule Oral 3000 IU Solution Oral 40 mg/15ml Tablet Oral 5 mg Capsule Oral 550 mcg Tablet, coated Oral 80 mg Capsule Oral 2000 IU Tablet, effervescent 0.15 mg Solution Intravenous Capsule Oral 150 mg/1 Capsule Oral 4.2 mg Capsule Oral 4000 IU Tablet Oral 0.5 mg Tablet Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral 2333 IU Capsule Oral 0.1 mg Capsule Oral 1 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 100 mcg Tablet Oral 40 mcg Tablet, film coated Oral 80 mg Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet 50 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 5000 IU Tablet, film coated Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 0.5 mg Kit Oral Tablet, chewable Oral 1250 IU Suspension Oral 15 mg/1.25mL - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Iron chews 15 mg tablet chew 0.29USD tablet Ferrous sulfate 28 mg tablet 0.04USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region Unlock Additional DataUS6667050 No 2003-12-23 2019-04-06 US Additional Data Available- Filed OnFiled OnAvailable for Purchase
The date on which a patent was filed with the relevant government.
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Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 1538 °C Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP -0.77 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9838 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9733 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7354 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.885 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9787 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9858 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9108 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8466 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8259 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8158 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8807 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9373 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9708 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9553 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.988 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.882 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9633 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.664 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.7326 Rat acute toxicity 2.0135 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9547 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9746
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferri...
- Gene Name
- TFRC
- Uniprot ID
- P02786
- Uniprot Name
- Transferrin receptor protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 84870.665 Da
References
- Hemadi M, Ha-Duong NT, El Hage Chahine JM: The mechanism of iron release from the transferrin-receptor 1 adduct. J Mol Biol. 2006 May 12;358(4):1125-36. Epub 2006 Mar 13. [PubMed:16564538]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
- Specific Function
- Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific prol...
- Gene Name
- EGLN1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9GZT9
- Uniprot Name
- Egl nine homolog 1
- Molecular Weight
- 46020.585 Da
References
- Davidson TL, Chen H, Di Toro DM, D'Angelo G, Costa M: Soluble nickel inhibits HIF-prolyl-hydroxylases creating persistent hypoxic signaling in A549 cells. Mol Carcinog. 2006 Jul;45(7):479-89. [PubMed:16649251]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Cofactor
- General Function
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an impo...
- Gene Name
- HDAC8
- Uniprot ID
- Q9BY41
- Uniprot Name
- Histone deacetylase 8
- Molecular Weight
- 41757.29 Da
References
- Gantt SL, Gattis SG, Fierke CA: Catalytic activity and inhibition of human histone deacetylase 8 is dependent on the identity of the active site metal ion. Biochemistry. 2006 May 16;45(19):6170-8. [PubMed:16681389]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Acts as a chaperone to prevent the harmful aggregation of alpha-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. Specifically protects free alpha-hemoglobin from precipitation. It is predicted to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia.
- Specific Function
- Hemoglobin binding
- Gene Name
- AHSP
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NZD4
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein
- Molecular Weight
- 11840.325 Da
References
- Zhou S, Olson JS, Fabian M, Weiss MJ, Gow AJ: Biochemical fates of alpha hemoglobin bound to alpha hemoglobin-stabilizing protein AHSP. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 27;281(43):32611-8. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16901899]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxygen transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
- Gene Name
- HBA1
- Uniprot ID
- P69905
- Uniprot Name
- Hemoglobin subunit alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 15257.405 Da
References
- Zhou S, Olson JS, Fabian M, Weiss MJ, Gow AJ: Biochemical fates of alpha hemoglobin bound to alpha hemoglobin-stabilizing protein AHSP. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 27;281(43):32611-8. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16901899]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Promotes the biosynthesis of heme and assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways. May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+); the oligomeric form but not the monomeric form has in vitro ferroxidase activity. May be able to store large amounts of iron in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization; however, the physiological relevance is unsure as reports are conflicting and the function has only been shown using heterologous overexpression systems. Modulates the RNA-binding activity of ACO1.
- Specific Function
- 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- FXN
- Uniprot ID
- Q16595
- Uniprot Name
- Frataxin, mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 23134.895 Da
References
- Bencze KZ, Kondapalli KC, Cook JD, McMahon S, Millan-Pacheco C, Pastor N, Stemmler TL: The structure and function of frataxin. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Sep-Oct;41(5):269-91. [PubMed:16911956]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after ...
- Gene Name
- FTH1
- Uniprot ID
- P02794
- Uniprot Name
- Ferritin heavy chain
- Molecular Weight
- 21225.47 Da
References
- Toussaint L, Bertrand L, Hue L, Crichton RR, Declercq JP: High-resolution X-ray structures of human apoferritin H-chain mutants correlated with their activity and metal-binding sites. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jan 12;365(2):440-52. Epub 2006 Oct 7. [PubMed:17070541]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structurs that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
- Specific Function
- 5'-3' exonuclease activity
- Gene Name
- FEN1
- Uniprot ID
- P39748
- Uniprot Name
- Flap endonuclease 1
- Molecular Weight
- 42592.635 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [PubMed:20622253]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- NEIL1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96FI4
- Uniprot Name
- Endonuclease 8-like 1
- Molecular Weight
- 43683.625 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [PubMed:20622253]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5-hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preferenc...
- Gene Name
- NEIL2
- Uniprot ID
- Q969S2
- Uniprot Name
- Endonuclease 8-like 2
- Molecular Weight
- 36826.285 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [PubMed:20622253]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Microtubule binding
- Specific Function
- Repair polymerase that plays a key role in base-excision repair. Has 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5' sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that...
- Gene Name
- POLB
- Uniprot ID
- P06746
- Uniprot Name
- DNA polymerase beta
- Molecular Weight
- 38177.34 Da
References
- Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [PubMed:20622253]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Ferroxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iro...
- Gene Name
- CP
- Uniprot ID
- P00450
- Uniprot Name
- Ceruloplasmin
- Molecular Weight
- 122204.45 Da
References
- Ha-Duong NT, Eid C, Hemadi M, El Hage Chahine JM: In vitro interaction between ceruloplasmin and human serum transferrin. Biochemistry. 2010 Dec 7;49(48):10261-3. doi: 10.1021/bi1014503. Epub 2010 Nov 9. [PubMed:21049900]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Transferrin receptor binding
- Specific Function
- Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from si...
- Gene Name
- TF
- Uniprot ID
- P02787
- Uniprot Name
- Serotransferrin
- Molecular Weight
- 77063.195 Da
References
- Ha-Duong NT, Eid C, Hemadi M, El Hage Chahine JM: In vitro interaction between ceruloplasmin and human serum transferrin. Biochemistry. 2010 Dec 7;49(48):10261-3. doi: 10.1021/bi1014503. Epub 2010 Nov 9. [PubMed:21049900]
Drug created on August 29, 2007 10:01 / Updated on January 25, 2021 22:38