Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Pemoline is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that was previously used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
- Generic Name
- Pemoline
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01230
- Background
In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval for pemoline. In March 2005, Abbott Laboratories (Cylert marketer) had discontinued the production of Cylert arguing economic reasons.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Pemoline (DB01230)
- Weight
- Average: 176.172
Monoisotopic: 176.05857751 - Chemical Formula
- C9H8N2O2
- Synonyms
- pemolina
- Pemoline
Pharmacology
- Indication
For treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Pemoline belongs to the group of medicines called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. It is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pemoline stimulates the brain, probably by affecting neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that nerves use to communicate with each other.
- Mechanism of action
- Not Available
- Absorption
Pemoline is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Approximately 50% (bound to plasma proteins).
- Metabolism
Hepatic
- Route of elimination
Pemoline is excreted primarily by the kidneys with approximately 50% excreted unchanged and only minor fractions present as metabolites.
- Half-life
The serum half-life of pemoline is approximately 12 hours.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Side effects include insomnia, anorexia, stomach ache, skin rashes, increased irritability, mild depression, nausea, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and hallucinations
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Limit caffeine intake.
- Take with or without food. Food does not significantly affect absorption.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Betanamin / Ceractiv / Tradon
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cylert Tablet 75 mg/1 Oral Abbvie 1975-01-27 2008-04-30 US 
Cylert Tablet, chewable 18.75 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1996-01-05 2010-05-31 US Cylert Tablet 37.5 mg/1 Oral Abbvie 1975-01-27 2008-04-30 US Cylert Tablet 75 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1975-01-27 2004-10-31 US Cylert Tablet, chewable 37.5 mg/1 Oral Abbvie 1976-01-30 2008-04-30 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N06BA05 — Pemoline
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Oxazolines / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Oxacyclic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Imines / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imine / Monocyclic benzene moiety / Organic 1,3-dipolar compound / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organoheterocyclic compound / Organonitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- 1,3-oxazoles (CHEBI:7953)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7GAQ2332NK
- CAS number
- 2152-34-3
- InChI Key
- NRNCYVBFPDDJNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C9H8N2O2/c10-9-11-8(12)7(13-9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H,(H2,10,11,12)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-amino-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-4-one
- SMILES
- NC1=NC(=O)C(O1)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D00744
- KEGG Compound
- C07899
- PubChem Compound
- 4723
- PubChem Substance
- 46509085
- ChemSpider
- 4561
- 7966
- ChEBI
- 7953
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1177
- PharmGKB
- PA450836
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Pemoline
- FDA label
- Download (60.4 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (75 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Dispensing Solutions
- Mallinckrodt Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Qualitest
- Sandoz
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 18.75 mg/1 Tablet Oral 37.5 mg/1 Tablet Oral 75 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 18.75 mg/1 Tablet, chewable Oral 37.5 mg/1 - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 256 dec °C PhysProp logP 0.7 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.979 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.52 ALOGPS logP 0.8 Chemaxon logS -2.3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.33 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.69 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 64.68 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 1 Chemaxon Refractivity 45.7 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 17.04 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.983 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5064 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8719 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9072 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8851 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8843 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7857 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7793 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6888 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.5472 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7351 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9412 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7174 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.973 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8905 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.5921 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8633 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8753 Rat acute toxicity 2.5744 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9818 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9594
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 136.07808 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 138.47365 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 145.49019 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:51