Catumaxomab

Identification

Generic Name
Catumaxomab
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06607
Background

Catumaxumab is a trifunctional monoclonal antibody developed for use in cancer treatment. It has affinity for T-cells, accessory immune cells, and cancer cells. Catumaxumab was initially authorized for market by the European Medicines Agency in April 2009 for the treatment of malignant ascites 3. Its market authorization was withdrawn in the EU in June 2017 at the manufacturer's request due to the company's insolvency. Catumaxumab was approved for market in Canada in May 2012 for the same condition Label. It is currently available under the brand name Removab.

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Biologic Classification
Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Protein Structure
Protein Chemical Formula
Not Available
Protein Average Weight
150511.0 Da (Intact Mass)
Sequences
Not Available
Synonyms
  • Catumaxomab

Pharmacology

Indication

For use in the management of malignant ascites tumours via intraperitoneal infusion where standard therapy is not available or feasible Label.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofAscites, malignant•••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••• •••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Catumaxomab brings cancer cells, T cells, and accessory immune cells into close proximity and stimulates activation and of immune cells Label,1. This facilitates immune system-mediated destruction of the cancer cells.

Mechanism of action

Catumaxomab contains epitopes for human CD3 and human epithelial cell adehesion molecule. It also has an intact immunoglobulin gamma constant region allowing it to bind to Fcγ I, IIa, and III receptors Label,1. By binding to CD3 on killer T cells, EpCAM on cancer cells, and Fcγ receptors on accessory immune cells like macrophages and NK cells, Catumaxomab brings immune cells into close proximity to EpCAM positive cancer cells. As a functional antibody, Catumaxomab also stimulates bound NK cells to release cytotoxic mediators like granzyme or bound macrophages to phagocytose the cancer cell. Phagocytosed cancer cells can be processed and have their antigens presented on major histocompatibililty complex II to activate helper T cells and contribute to humoural immunity and activation of killer T cells against EpCAM postive cancer cells. These macrophages also release inflammatory cytokines to attract additional immune cells to EpCAM positive tissues. When antibodies reach higher concentrations, they can stimulate complement-mediated cytotoxicity against EpCAM positive cancer cells. Bound killer T cells are activated resulting in proliferation and release of cytotoxic mediators resulting in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the cancer cell.

TargetActionsOrganism
ALow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a
agonist
Humans
ALow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A
agonist
Humans
ALow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B
agonist
Humans
AT-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain
agonist
Humans
AHigh affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I
agonist
Humans
NEpithelial cell adhesion molecule
ligand
Humans
Absorption

Catumaxomab has an observed bioavailability of 82% 2. This value decreases as the EpCAM positive tumour load and number of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity increases. While some Catumaxomab escapes into systemic circulation, most localizes to EpCAM positive tissues. Tmax is 19 h.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Catumaxomab has an apparent half life of elimination of 2.5 days Label.

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

As a mouse/rat hybrid antibody, Catumaxomab can produce immunogenicity in other species 1. No acute toxicity was found in mice using an analog with an anti-mouse CD3 paratope in place of Catumaxomab's anti-human CD3 paratope. A transient decrease in serum leukocytes has been observed but is attributed to migration of immune cells into EpCAM positive tissues. Data specific to Catumaxomab is extremely limited as its specificity for human protein requires data from human subjects Label.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbciximabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Catumaxomab.
AdalimumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Catumaxomab.
AducanumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Catumaxomab is combined with Aducanumab.
AlemtuzumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Catumaxomab.
AlirocumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Catumaxomab is combined with Alirocumab.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
RemovabInjection, solution, concentrate50 microgramIntraperitonealNeovii Biotech2020-12-162017-07-12EU flag
RemovabSolution0.1 mg / mLIntraperitonealFresenius Biotech GmbhNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
RemovabInjection, solution, concentrate10 microgramIntraperitonealNeovii Biotech2020-12-162017-07-12EU flag
RemovabSolution0.1 mg / mLIntraperitonealFresenius Biotech GmbhNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L01FX03 — Catumaxomab
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
Not Available
Kingdom
Organic Compounds
Super Class
Organic Acids
Class
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent
Peptides
Alternative Parents
Not Available
Substituents
Not Available
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
M2HPV837HO
CAS number
509077-98-9

References

Synthesis Reference

Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C. Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010;36(6):458-67.

Lindhofer H, Mocikat R, Steipe B, Thierfelder S. Preferential species-restricted heavy/light chain pairing in rat/mouse quadromas. Implications for a single-step purification of bispecific antibodies. J Immunol. 1995;155(1):219-25.

General References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
  2. Ruf P, Kluge M, Jager M, Burges A, Volovat C, Heiss MM, Hess J, Wimberger P, Brandt B, Lindhofer H: Pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and bioactivity of the therapeutic antibody catumaxomab intraperitoneally administered to cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jun;69(6):617-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03635.x. [Article]
  3. EMA: Removab Withdrawal from Market [Link]
Wikipedia
Catumaxomab
FDA label
Download (394 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedTreatmentAscites, Malignant / Cancer / Carcinoma / Neoplasm1
3RecruitingTreatmentNeoplasm of Stomach1
2CompletedTreatmentAbdominal wall neoplasm / Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / Ovarian Cancer1
2CompletedTreatmentAscites, Malignant1
2CompletedTreatmentEpithelial Ovarian Cancer / Ovarian Cancer1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solution, concentrateIntraperitoneal10 microgram
Injection, solution, concentrateIntraperitoneal50 microgram
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
SolutionIntraperitoneal0.1 mg / mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens. Promotes phagocytosis of opsonized ...
Gene Name
FCGR2A
Uniprot ID
P12318
Uniprot Name
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a
Molecular Weight
35000.42 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as...
Gene Name
FCGR3A
Uniprot ID
P08637
Uniprot Name
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A
Molecular Weight
29088.895 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Contrary to III-A, is not capable to mediate antibody-dependent...
Gene Name
FCGR3B
Uniprot ID
O75015
Uniprot Name
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B
Molecular Weight
26215.64 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function
The CD3 complex mediates signal transduction, resulting in T cell activation and proliferation. Required for normal immune responses (PubMed:15546002, PubMed:8490660).
Gene Name
CD3E
Uniprot ID
P07766
Uniprot Name
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain
Molecular Weight
23147.09 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function
High affinity receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Gene Name
FCGR1A
Uniprot ID
P12314
Uniprot Name
High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I
Molecular Weight
42631.525 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Ligand
Curator comments
Catumaxomab does not exert a pharmacological effect on cancer cells. It only binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule on the cell's surface to bring T cells and accessory immune cells into close proximity.
General Function
Protein complex binding
Specific Function
May act as a physical homophilic interaction molecule between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) at the mucosal epithelium for providing immunological barrier...
Gene Name
EPCAM
Uniprot ID
P16422
Uniprot Name
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
Molecular Weight
34932.005 Da
References
  1. Seimetz D, Lindhofer H, Bokemeyer C: Development and approval of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) as a targeted cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Oct;36(6):458-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 27. [Article]

Drug created at March 19, 2008 16:40 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48