Adalimumab

Identification

Summary

Adalimumab is a monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody used in the treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ankylosing spondylitis.

Brand Names

Amjevita, Humira

Generic Name

Adalimumab

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00051

Background

Adalimumab is a subcutaneously administered biological disease modifier for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic debilitating diseases mediated by tumor necrosis factor.^2,3 It was originally launched by Abbvie in the U.S. and approved in 2002 by the FDA.¹ This drug is frequently known as Humira. It is produced by recombinant DNA technology using a mammalian cell expression system. This drug is available in a prefilled syringe form and convenient pen form for subcutaneous self-administered doses.¹

Several biosimilars to adalimumab. Adalimumab-atto was the first adalimumab biosimilar approved by the FDA in 2016.¹⁹ Adalimumab-adaz was approved by the FDA on October 31, 2018.¹² Other biosimilars include adalimumab-fkjp, which was approved in July 2022,¹⁷ and adalimumab-bwwd, which was approved in August 2022.¹⁸ A biosimilar marketed as Hyrimoz, a high-concentration formulation of adalimumab, is also available.^20,21

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Experimental

Biologic Classification

Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)

Protein Structure

Protein Chemical Formula: C₆₄₂₈H₉₉₁₂N₁₆₉₄O₁₉₈₇S₄₆
Protein Average Weight: 144190.3 Da

Sequences

> Adalimumab Light chain:
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQGIRNYLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYAASTLQSGVPS
RFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDVATYYCQRYNRAPYTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP
SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT
LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC

> Adalimumab Heavy chain:
EVQLVESGGGLVQPGRSLRLSCAASGFTFDDYAMHWVRQAPGKGLEWVSAITWNSGHIDY
ADSVEGRFTISRDNAKNSLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAKVSYLSTASSLDYWGQGTLVTVS
SASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQS
SGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLG
GPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQY
NSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRD
ELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSR
WQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK

Download FASTA Format

Synonyms

Adalimumab
Adalimumab (genetical recombination)
adalimumab-adaz
adalimumab-adbm
adalimumab-afzb
adalimumab-atto
adalimumab-bwwd
adalimumab-fkjp

External IDs

ABP-501
BCD-057
BI-695501
BI695501
CHS-1420
D2E7
GP-2017
GP2017
LU-200134
LU200134
M-923
M923
MSB-11022
MSB11022
ONS-3010
SB-5
SB5

Pharmacology

Indication

Adalimumab is indicated for the following conditions:

Moderately to severely active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in adults, as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Moderately to severely active polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in patients two years of age and older, as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) in adults.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) in adults.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Moderately to severely active Crohn’s Disease (CD) in adults and pediatric patients six years of age and older.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in adults. Effectiveness has not been established in patients who have lost response to or were intolerant to TNF blockers.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis in adult candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy and when other systemic therapies are medically less appropriate.^{16,17,18,19,20,21}
Moderate to severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) in adults.¹⁹

Adalimumab has also been used off-label to treat Pyoderma gangrenosum.^5,6

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Associated Conditions

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

After treatment with adalimumab, a decrease in levels of acute phase reactant proteins of inflammation (C reactive protein [CRP] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and serum cytokines (IL-6) was measured compared to baseline in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. A decrease in CRP levels was also observed in patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) that lead to the tissue remodeling responsible for cartilage destruction were also found to be decreased after administration of adalimumab.¹⁵ A reduction in signs and symptoms of disease, the induction of clinical response, inhibition of structural damage, and improvements in physical function in adult and pediatric patients with various inflammatory conditions have been demonstrated.^1,3,15

Mechanism of action

Adalimumab binds with specificity to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and inhibits its interaction with the p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors. Adalimumab also lyses surface tumor necrosis factor expressing cells in vitro when in the presence of complement.^2,3 Adalimumab does not bind or inactivate lymphotoxin (Tumor necrosis factor-beta). TNF is a naturally occurring cytokine that plays a role in normal inflammatory and immune responses.³ Increased levels of TNF are found in the joint synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis patients, and play an imperative role in pathologic inflammation and joint destruction that are major complications of these diseases. Increased levels of TNF are also measured in psoriasis plaques. In plaque psoriasis, treatment with adalimumab may decrease the epidermal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration. The relationship between these pharmacodynamics and the mechanism(s) by which adalimumab achieves its clinical effects is not known. Additionally, adalimumab alters biological responses that are induced/regulated by TNF, including changes in the levels of adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte migration during inflammation (ELAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 with an IC50 of 1-2 X 10-10M).¹⁵

Target	Actions	Organism
ATumor necrosis factor	inhibitor antibody	Humans

Absorption

The maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and the time to reach the maximum concentration (Tmax) were 4.7 ± 1.6 μg/mL and 131 ± 56 hours respectively, following a single 40 mg subcutaneous administration of adalimumab to healthy adult subjects. The average absolute bioavailability of adalimumab estimated from three clinical studies after a single 40 mg subcutaneous dose of adalimumab was 64%. The pharmacokinetics of adalimumab showed a linear pattern over the dose range of 0.5 to 10.0 mg/kg following a single intravenous dose.¹⁵

Volume of distribution

The distribution volume (Vss) ranged from 4.7 to 6.0 L following intravenous administration of doses ranging from 0.25 to 10 mg/kg in RA patients.¹⁵

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Adalimumab is most likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system.⁷

Half-life

The mean terminal half-life was approximately 2 weeks, ranging from 10 to 20 days across studies.¹⁵

Clearance

The single-dose pharmacokinetics of adalimumab in RA patients were determined in several studies with intravenous doses ranging from 0.25 to 10 mg/kg. The systemic clearance of adalimumab is approximately 12 mL/hr. In long-term studies with dosing more than two years, there was no evidence of changes in clearance over time in RA patients.¹⁵

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Doses up to 10 mg/kg have been administered to patients in clinical trials without evidence of dose-limiting toxicities. In case of overdosage, it is recommended that the patient be monitored for any signs or symptoms of adverse reactions or effects and appropriate symptomatic treatment instituted immediately.¹⁶

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Abatacept	The risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Abatacept.
Abciximab	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Abciximab.
Abemaciclib	The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Abrocitinib	The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acebutolol	The metabolism of Acebutolol can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acenocoumarol	The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acetaminophen	The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acetohexamide	The metabolism of Acetohexamide can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
Acetylsalicylic acid	The metabolism of Acetylsalicylic acid can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.

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Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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International/Other Brands

Amjevita (Amgen, Inc.) / Cyltezo (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) / Humira Pen (Abbott Laboratories)

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Abrilada	Solution	40 mg / 0.8 mL	Subcutaneous	Pfizer Canada Ulc	2022-02-24	Not applicable
Abrilada	Injection, solution	20 mg/0.4mL	Subcutaneous	Catalent Indiana, LLC	2021-01-14	Not applicable
Abrilada	Solution	20 mg / 0.4 mL	Subcutaneous	Pfizer Canada Ulc	2023-03-13	Not applicable
Abrilada	Kit; Solution	40 mg / 0.8 mL	Subcutaneous	Pfizer Canada Ulc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Abrilada	Solution	40 mg / 0.8 mL	Subcutaneous	Pfizer Canada Ulc	2022-03-07	Not applicable
Abrilada	Solution	10 mg / 0.2 mL	Subcutaneous	Pfizer Canada Ulc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Amgevita	Injection, solution	40 mg	Subcutaneous	Amgen Europe B.V.	2020-12-16	Not applicable
Amgevita	Injection, solution	40 mg	Subcutaneous	Amgen Europe B.V.	2020-12-16	Not applicable
Amgevita	Solution	50 mg / mL	Subcutaneous	Amgen	2021-02-19	Not applicable
Amgevita	Injection, solution	40 mg	Subcutaneous	Amgen Europe B.V.	2020-12-16	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Humira	Adalimumab (80 mg/0.8mL) + Adalimumab (40 mg/0.4mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2017-04-21	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (80 mg/0.8mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2016-10-17	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (40 mg/0.4mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2016-03-09	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (40 mg/0.8mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2006-06-23	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (10 mg/0.1mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL)	Injection, suspension; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2017-04-28	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (40 mg/0.8mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	A-S Medication Solutions	2006-06-23	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (80 mg/0.8mL) + Adalimumab (40 mg/0.4mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2017-04-21	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (80 mg/0.8mL) + Adalimumab (40 mg/0.4mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2016-10-17	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (40 mg/0.4mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2015-11-23	Not applicable
Humira	Adalimumab (10 mg/0.2mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.70 mL/1mL)	Injection, solution; Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical	AbbVie Inc.	2014-09-23	2021-01-31

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: FYS6T7F842
CAS number: 331731-18-1

References

General References

Kivitz A, Segurado OG: HUMIRA pen: a novel autoinjection device for subcutaneous injection of the fully human monoclonal antibody adalimumab. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2007 Mar;4(2):109-16. doi: 10.1586/17434440.4.2.109. [Article]
Mease PJ: Adalimumab in the treatment of arthritis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Mar;3(1):133-48. [Article]
Scheinfeld N: Adalimumab (HUMIRA): a review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2003 Aug;2(4):375-7. [Article]
Scheinfeld N: Adalimumab: a review of side effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 Jul;4(4):637-41. doi: 10.1517/14740338.4.4.637. [Article]
Fonder MA, Cummins DL, Ehst BD, Anhalt GJ, Meyerle JH: Adalimumab therapy for recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum. J Burns Wounds. 2006 Nov 20;5:e8. [Article]
Hinterberger L, Muller CS, Vogt T, Pfohler C: Adalimumab: a treatment option for pyoderma gangrenosum after failure of systemic standard therapies. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2012 Dec;2(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s13555-012-0006-6. Epub 2012 May 12. [Article]
Ryman JT, Meibohm B: Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;6(9):576-588. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12224. Epub 2017 Jul 29. [Article]
Farrugia M, Baron B: The role of TNF-alpha in rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on regulatory T cells. J Clin Transl Res. 2016 Sep 15;2(3):84-90. eCollection 2016 Nov 10. [Article]
Matsuno H, Yudoh K, Katayama R, Nakazawa F, Uzuki M, Sawai T, Yonezawa T, Saeki Y, Panayi GS, Pitzalis C, Kimura T: The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a study using a human RA/SCID mouse chimera. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):329-37. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.3.329. [Article]
Bullock J, Rizvi SAA, Saleh AM, Ahmed SS, Do DP, Ansari RA, Ahmed J: Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Brief Overview of the Treatment. Med Princ Pract. 2018;27(6):501-507. doi: 10.1159/000493390. Epub 2018 Sep 2. [Article]
Patent: Methods related to adalimumab [Link]
Sandoz received US FDA approval for bio similar, Hyrimoz [Link]
HUMIRA website [Link]
Abbvie Website [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: HUMIRA (adalimumab) injection [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: HUMIRA (adalimumab) injection 2022 [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: HULIO (adalimumab-fkjp) injection, for subcutaneous use [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: HADLIMA (adalimumab-bwwd) injection, for subcutaneous use [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: AMJEVITA (adalimumab-atto) injection, for subcutaneous use (November 2022) [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: HYRIMOZ (adalimumab-adaz) injection, for subcutaneous use [Link]
EMA Approved Drug Products: Hyrimoz (adalimumab) Subcutaneous Injection [Link]
FDA Approved Drug Products: YUFLYMA (adalimumab-aaty) injection, for subcutaneous use [Link]

External Links

UniProt: P01857
Genbank: J00228
KEGG Drug: D02597
PubChem Substance: 46504982
RxNav: 327361
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1201580
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000392
PharmGKB: PA10004
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Adalimumab

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	CD	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated Uveitis	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Psoriasis Vulgaris (Plaque Psoriasis)	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Rheumatoid Arthritis	2
4	Completed	Not Available	Rheumatoid Arthritis	2
4	Completed	Basic Science	Psoriasis (PsO)	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Rheumatoid Arthritis	2
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Enterocolitis / Spondyloarthritis (SpA)	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Rheumatoid Arthritis	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis / Psoriasis (PsO) / Vascular Inflammation	2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
Vetter Pharma Fertigung GmbH and Co. KG

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Kit; solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg / 0.8 mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	10 mg / 0.2 mL
Injection, solution		20 mg/0.4ml
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	20 MG
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	40 MG
Solution	Subcutaneous	50 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral	40 MG
Injection, solution
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous
Injection, solution	Parenteral	40 MG/0.8ML
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	20 mg/0.4ml
Solution	Subcutaneous	50 mg
Injection	Subcutaneous	10 mg/0.2mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	20 mg/0.4mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.8ml
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	20 MG
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	40 MG
Solution	Subcutaneous	20 mg / 0.4 mL
Injection	Subcutaneous
Injection	Subcutaneous	40 MG/0.4ML
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	80 MG
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	80 mg
Injection, solution; kit	Subcutaneous; Topical
Injection, suspension; kit	Subcutaneous; Topical
Solution	Subcutaneous	10 mg / 0.1 mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	20 mg / 0.2 mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg / 0.4 mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg / 0.8 mL
Solution	Subcutaneous	80 mg / 0.8 mL
Injection, solution		20 mg/0.2ml
Injection, solution	Parenteral	40 MG/0.4ML
Injection, solution		40 mg/0.4ml
Injection, solution	Parenteral	80 MG/0.8ML
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	20.0 mg/0.2mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	40.0 mg
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.4ml
Injection	Subcutaneous	40 mg
Injection	Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.8ml
Injection	Subcutaneous	40.0 mg
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	80.0 mg/0.8mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	20 mg/0.2ml
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	80 mg/0.8ml
Solution	Subcutaneous	100 mg
Solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg
Injection, solution	Parenteral; Subcutaneous	40 MG/0.8ML
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	40 mg/0.8mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	40 mg/0.8mL
Injection, solution		40 mg/0.8ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Humira (1 Box = Two 40 mg/0.8ml Syringes) Box	1995.1USD	box
Humira 2 20 mg/0.4ml Kit 1 Box = Two 20 mg/0.4ml Syringes	1995.1USD	box
Humira Pen 2 40 mg/0.8ml Kit (1 Box = 1 Kit Containing Two 40 mg/0.8ml Pens)	1995.1USD	box
Humira 20 mg/0.4 ml syringe	959.19USD	syringe
Humira 40 mg/0.8 ml pen	959.19USD	pen
Humira crohn's starter pack	959.19USD	each
Humira psoriasis starter pack	959.19USD	each

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
CA2243459	No	2002-09-17	2017-02-10

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
isoelectric point	8.25	http://www.druglib.com/activeingredient/adalimumab/chembio/

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.

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Details1. Tumor necrosis factor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inhibitor
Antibody

General Function: Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
Specific Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct ac...
Gene Name: TNF
Uniprot ID: P01375
Uniprot Name: Tumor necrosis factor
Molecular Weight: 25644.15 Da

References

Lorenz HM: Technology evaluation: adalimumab, Abbott laboratories. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2002 Apr;4(2):185-90. [Article]
Flendrie M, Creemers MC, Welsing PM, den Broeder AA, van Riel PL: Survival during treatment with tumour necrosis factor blocking agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Nov;62 Suppl 2:ii30-3. [Article]
Aguillon JC, Contreras J, Dotte A, Cruzat A, Catalan D, Salazar L, Molina MC, Guerrero J, Lopez M, Soto L, Salazar-Onfray F, Cuchacovich M: [New immunological weapons for medicine in the 21st Century: biological therapy based on the use of the latest generation monoclonal antibodies]. Rev Med Chil. 2003 Dec;131(12):1445-53. [Article]
Bang LM, Keating GM: Adalimumab: a review of its use in rheumatoid arthritis. BioDrugs. 2004;18(2):121-39. [Article]
Matusiak L, Jemec GB, Szepietowski JC: Pharmacological development in hidradenitis suppurativa. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;46:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.006. Epub 2019 May 7. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at May 31, 2023 07:29

Adalimumab

Identification

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Targets

References