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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Beta-Alanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126732MetabolicUnder normal conditions, beta-alanine is metabolized into acetic acid. beta-Alanine can undergo a transanimation reaction with pyruvate to form malonate-semialdehyde and L-alanine. … Malonate is then converted into malonyl-CoA and enter fatty acid biosynthesis.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 1-Methylhistidine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126760Metabolicacid. … Other proteins that are known to have 1MH modifications include myosin and myosin kinase.
Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2a and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000320SignalingThe A2A receptor is also expressed in the brain, where it has important roles in the regulation of glutamate and dopamine release. … downstream effectors that lead to a specific cellular response.
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidIntracellular Signalling Through Histamine H2 Receptor and Histamine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000335SignalingHistamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that is involved in local immune responses and it is a neurotransmitter for brain. … Histamine can mediate various actions by interacting with histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3 and H4).
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl glucoside (indican)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124742MetabolicIt is also shown to cause vascular calcification and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … Indoxyl glucoside (indican) is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Phsyiological Effects of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124747MetabolicL-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. … It enters cells in the body and is metabolized to ADMA via the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-1. ADMA inhibits nitric oxide synthase, preventing the formation of nitric oxide.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124764MetabolicL-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. … It enters cells in the body and is metabolized to SDMA via the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-5 or protein arginine methyltransferase-7.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000321Signalingdown stream effectors that lead to a specific cellular response. … Adenosine is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Stimulation of A2B can induce production of interleukin-8 mast cells.
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidIntracellular Signalling Through PGD2 receptor and Prostaglandin D2
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000343Signalingeffectors that lead to a specific cellular response. … The PGD receptor activates G(s) proteins which lead to the activation of adenylyl cyclase which produces the secondary messenger cAMP. cAMP activates PKA (protein kinase A) which phosphorylates downstream
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Para-cresyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123299MetabolicAfter being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes reactions with the enzymes tyrosine transaminase, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase and 4-hydroxylphenylacetate decarboxylase to form para-cresol … Para-cresyl glucuronide (P-cresyl glucuronide) is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells.