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Butalbital Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126149Drug actionButalbital, or 5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid, is a derivative of barbituric acid which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. … Typically indicated to manage tension (or muscle contraction) headaches, butalbital is often combined with one or more therapeutic agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Flumazenil Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126152Drug actionSome side effects of using flumazenil may include headache, dizziness, nausea, and flushing. … Fumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative and a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Halothane GABA(A) Anesthetic Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126161Drug actionIt also acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibits nACh and voltage-gated sodium channels, and activates 5-HT3 and twin-pore K+ channels. … It can be found under the brand name Fluothane and the exact mechanism of the action of general anaesthetics has not been delineated. Halothane activates GABAA and glycine receptors.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Sevoflurane GABA(A) Anesthetic Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126170Drug actionIt can be found under the brand names Sevorane, Sojourn, and Ultane. It is a volatile, non-flammable compound with a low solubility profile and blood/gas partition coefficient. … The hemodynamic and respiratory depressive effects of sevoflurane are well tolerated, and most patients receiving this anesthetic agent present little toxicity.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Thiopental Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126813Drug actionAlthough it lacks excitatory effects, its analgesic and muscle relaxant properties are limited. It has been shown that low doses can counteract analgesia and lower the pain threshold. … for analgesia or muscle relaxation, for managing convulsions during inhalation or local anesthesia, in neurosurgical cases with heightened intracranial pressure, and for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Zaleplon Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126830Drug actionZaleplon, distinctly separate from benzodiazepines and other hypnotic agents, effectively addresses short-term insomnia by interacting with these receptor systems. … Its mechanism of action involves subunit modulation of the GABABZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex, and it also selectively binds to the brain omega-1 receptor found on the alpha subunit
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Kidney Function- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0121001PhysiologicalAll the cation and anion transport creates a gradient favourable for ion and water reabsorption, leading to an increase in blood pressure. … The proximal convoluted tubule is part of the nephron between the Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle. The proximal convoluted tubule functions to reabsorb sodium, water, and other ions.
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT, Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3Diazepam Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124471Drug actionDiazepam binds to various regions of the brain and spinal cord where GABA A receptors are. … It binds to an allosteric site between the alpha and gamma subunits of the receptor increasing the inhibitory effects of GABA.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Etizolam Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125057Drug actionIt is an agonist at GABA-A receptors and possesses amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. … anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Glutamic acid · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate +2 moreEnzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2Temazepam Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125058Drug actionanticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action. … Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, and insomnia.
Enzymes: Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2