Identification
- Summary
Sevoflurane is a inhalation anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during surgical procedures.
- Brand Names
- Sevorane, Sojourn, Ultane
- Generic Name
- Sevoflurane
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01236
- Background
Sevoflurane, also called fluoromethyl, is an ether inhalation anaesthetic agent used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It is a volatile, non-flammable, non-irritant, and easy-to-administer compound with a low solubility profile and blood-to-gas partition coefficient.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Sevoflurane (DB01236)
- Weight
- Average: 200.0548
Monoisotopic: 200.007212153 - Chemical Formula
- C4H3F7O
- Synonyms
- 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
- Sevofluran
- Sevoflurane
- Sevoflurano
- Sevofluranum
- External IDs
- MR-6S4
- MR6S4
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Sevoflurane induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability with a fast onset of action. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.
- Mechanism of action
Sevoflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Sevoflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase and also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor, and the glycine receptor.
Target Actions Organism AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 agonistHumans AGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1 agonistHumans AGlutamate receptor 1 antagonistHumans ACalcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 inhibitorHumans AGABA(A) Receptor positive allosteric modulatorHumans AMitochondrial potassium channel activatorHumans UNADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 unknownHumans - Absorption
Rapidly absorbed into circulation via the lungs, however solubility in the blood is low.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Relatively little biotransformation, only 5% is metabolized by cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 to hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) with release of inorganic fluoride and CO2. No other metabolic pathways have been identified for sevoflurane.
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- Route of elimination
The low solubility of sevoflurane facilitates rapid elimination via the lungs. In vivo metabolism studies suggest that approximately 5% of the sevoflurane dose may be metabolized. Up to 3.5% of the sevoflurane dose appears in the urine as inorganic fluoride.
- Half-life
15-23 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
LC50=49881 ppm/hr (rat), LD50=10.8 g/kg (rat)
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S --- Not Available c.3257G>A / c.520C>T ADR Inferred Malignant hyperthermia. Details Ryanodine receptor 1 --- Not Available c.103T>C / c.487C>T … show all ADR Inferred Malignant hyperthermia. Details
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Sevoflurane is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Sevoflurane can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Sevoflurane can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Sevoflurane is combined with Abciximab. Abrocitinib The risk or severity of bleeding and thrombocytopenia can be increased when Sevoflurane is combined with Abrocitinib. Acebutolol Sevoflurane may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Aceclofenac is combined with Sevoflurane. Acemetacin The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acemetacin is combined with Sevoflurane. Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Sevoflurane is combined with Acenocoumarol. Acetaminophen Sevoflurane may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Acetaminophen. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Sevorane
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Sevoflurane Liquid 99.97 % Respiratory (inhalation) Baxter Laboratories 2007-04-11 Not applicable Canada 
Sevorane AF Liquid 99.97 % Respiratory (inhalation) Abbvie 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada Sojourn Sevoflurane Liquid 99.97 % Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2009-11-18 Not applicable Canada Ultane Liquid 250 mL/250mL Respiratory (inhalation) AbbVie Inc. 1995-06-07 Not applicable US 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Sevoflurane Liquid 1 mL/1mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2020-10-01 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Liquid 250 mL/250mL Respiratory (inhalation) Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2002-07-07 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Liquid 1 mL/1mL Respiratory (inhalation) Halocarbon Life Sciences, LLC 2007-11-19 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Liquid 250 mL/250mL Respiratory (inhalation) Sandoz Inc. 2017-01-25 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Liquid 250 mL/250mL Respiratory (inhalation) Baxter Healthcare Corporation 2002-07-02 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Liquid 1 mL/1mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2011-07-15 Not applicable US Sevoflurane Bostonbio Inhalant 1 mL/1mL Respiratory (inhalation) Boston Biopharma 2020-03-27 Not applicable US Sojourn Liquid 1 mL/1mL Respiratory (inhalation) Piramal Critical Care Inc 2010-04-13 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N01AB08 — Sevoflurane
- Drug Categories
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics, General
- Anesthetics, Inhalation
- Antiplatelet agents
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Ethers
- Hematologic Agents
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
- Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
- Hypotensive Agents
- Methyl Ethers
- Nervous System
- Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkyl ethers. These are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR', where R and R' are alkyl groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Ethers
- Direct Parent
- Dialkyl ethers
- Alternative Parents
- Organofluorides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Dialkyl ether / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organofluoride / Organohalogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organofluorine compound, ether (CHEBI:9130)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 38LVP0K73A
- CAS number
- 28523-86-6
- InChI Key
- DFEYYRMXOJXZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H3F7O/c5-1-12-2(3(6,7)8)4(9,10)11/h2H,1H2
- IUPAC Name
- 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
- SMILES
- FCOC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F
References
- Synthesis Reference
Ross C. Terrell, "Method for the preparation of sevoflurane." U.S. Patent US5969193, issued December, 1979.
US5969193- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015366
- KEGG Drug
- D00547
- KEGG Compound
- C07520
- PubChem Compound
- 5206
- PubChem Substance
- 46508591
- ChemSpider
- 5017
- 36453
- ChEBI
- 9130
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200694
- ZINC
- ZINC000001530810
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000694
- PharmGKB
- PA451341
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Sevoflurane
- FDA label
- Download (188 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (49.5 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Noncardiac Surgery 1 4 Completed Basic Science Anaesthesia therapy / Loss of Consciousness 1 4 Completed Basic Science Aortic Diseases / Valvular Heart Disease 1 4 Completed Basic Science Healthy Subjects (HS) 1 4 Completed Basic Science Renal Cancers / Surgery 1 4 Completed Basic Science Sevoflurane Anesthesia 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Adenotonsillectomy / Emergence Delirium / Postoperative pain 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Anaesthesia therapy / Electroencephalography/Drug Effects 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Auditory Dysfunction, Central / Cognitive Dysfunctions 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Awareness, Anesthesia / Inhalation; Gas / Recall phenomenon 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Abbott Laboratories Ltd.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Hospira Inc.
- Minrad Inc.
- Rx Elite
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % Aerosol Respiratory (inhalation) 1 ml/1ml Aerosol Respiratory (inhalation) 250 ML Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % Aerosol Respiratory (inhalation) Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 1 mL/1mL Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 250 mL/250mL Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 1 mL/1mL Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 1 ml/ml Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 250 ml Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 100 mL Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 250 ML Solution Respiratory (inhalation) Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 100 ml/100ml Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 99.97 % Solution Nasal 100 % Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % v/v Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 100 % v/v - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Ultane 250 ml pen bottle 1.16USD ml Sojourn inhalation liquid 0.99USD ml Sevoflurane inhalation liquid 0.89USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6288127 Yes 2001-09-11 2017-07-27 US US5990176 Yes 1999-11-23 2017-07-27 US US6074668 Yes 2000-06-13 2018-07-09 US US6444859 Yes 2002-09-03 2017-07-27 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) < 25 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 58.5 °C PhysProp water solubility Very slightly soluble Not Available logP 2.4 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 1.48 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.44 ALOGPS logP 2.27 ChemAxon logS -2.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.07 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.5 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 9.23 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 ChemAxon Refractivity 23.3 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 9.83 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9963 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9941 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6134 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8839 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8807 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.5436 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8649 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.9039 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6876 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.5254 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7941 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9114 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.5569 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9148 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7006 Ames test AMES toxic 0.5082 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.7014 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8564 Rat acute toxicity 1.3361 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9485 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8685
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
- Gene Name
- GABRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P14867
- Uniprot Name
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 51801.395 Da
References
- Franks NP, Lieb WR: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature. 1994 Feb 17;367(6464):607-14. doi: 10.1038/367607a0. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID
- P23415
- Uniprot Name
- Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
- Molecular Weight
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Franks NP, Lieb WR: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature. 1994 Feb 17;367(6464):607-14. doi: 10.1038/367607a0. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Pdz domain binding
- Specific Function
- Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a co...
- Gene Name
- GRIA1
- Uniprot ID
- P42261
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 101505.245 Da
References
- Franks NP, Lieb WR: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature. 1994 Feb 17;367(6464):607-14. doi: 10.1038/367607a0. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Signal transducer activity
- Specific Function
- This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of the calcium.
- Gene Name
- ATP2C1
- Uniprot ID
- P98194
- Uniprot Name
- Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 100576.42 Da
References
- Pinheiro AC, Gomez RS, Guatimosim C, Silva JH, Prado MA, Gomez MV: The effect of sevoflurane on intracellular calcium concentration from cholinergic cells. Brain Res Bull. 2006 Mar 31;69(2):147-52. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.11.016. Epub 2005 Dec 19. [Article]
- Liu TJ, Zhang JC, Gao XZ, Tan ZB, Wang JJ, Zhang PP, Cheng AB, Zhang SB: Effect of sevoflurane on the ATPase activity of hippocampal neurons in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2018 Jan;34(1):22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Nov 14. [Article]
- Franks NP, Lieb WR: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature. 1994 Feb 17;367(6464):607-14. doi: 10.1038/367607a0. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Positive allosteric modulator
- General Function
- Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function
- Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine...
Components:
References
- ChEMBL Compound Report Card [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Mitochondrial potassium channel located in the mitochondrial inner membrane (PubMed:31435016). Together with ABCB8/MITOSUR, forms a protein complex localized in the mitochondria that mediates ATP-dependent potassium currents across the inner membrane (that is, mitoK(ATP) channel) (PubMed:31435016). May contribute to the homeostatic control of cellular metabolism under stress conditions by regulating the mitochondrial matrix volume (PubMed:31435016).
- Specific Function
- Mitochondrial atp-gated potassium channel activity
- Gene Name
- CCDC51
- Uniprot ID
- Q96ER9
- Uniprot Name
- Mitochondrial potassium channel
- Molecular Weight
- 45810.91 Da
References
- La Monaca E, Fodale V: Effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial signaling and function. Curr Drug Saf. 2012 Apr;7(2):126-39. doi: 10.2174/157488612802715681. [Article]
- Adamczyk S, Robin E, Simerabet M, Kipnis E, Tavernier B, Vallet B, Bordet R, Lebuffe G: Sevoflurane pre- and post-conditioning protect the brain via the mitochondrial K ATP channel. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Feb;104(2):191-200. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep365. [Article]
- Wang JK, Wu HF, Zhou H, Yang B, Liu XZ: Postconditioning with sevoflurane protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury involving mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Neurol Res. 2015 Jan;37(1):77-83. doi: 10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000410. Epub 2014 Jun 25. [Article]
- Ye Z, Guo Q, Wang N, Xia P, Yuan Y, Wang E: Delayed neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane via opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Neurol Sci. 2012 Apr;33(2):239-49. doi: 10.1007/s10072-011-0665-6. Epub 2011 Jul 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Unknown
- General Function
- Nadh dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Specific Function
- Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the tra...
- Gene Name
- MT-ND1
- Uniprot ID
- P03886
- Uniprot Name
- NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
- Molecular Weight
- 35660.055 Da
References
- La Monaca E, Fodale V: Effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial signaling and function. Curr Drug Saf. 2012 Apr;7(2):126-39. doi: 10.2174/157488612802715681. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...
- Gene Name
- CYP2A6
- Uniprot ID
- P11509
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2A6
- Molecular Weight
- 56501.005 Da
References
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Kharasch ED, Hankins DC, Thummel KE: Human kidney methoxyflurane and sevoflurane metabolism. Intrarenal fluoride production as a possible mechanism of methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity. Anesthesiology. 1995 Mar;82(3):689-99. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199503000-00011. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Kharasch ED, Hankins DC, Thummel KE: Human kidney methoxyflurane and sevoflurane metabolism. Intrarenal fluoride production as a possible mechanism of methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity. Anesthesiology. 1995 Mar;82(3):689-99. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199503000-00011. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Molecular Weight
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Kharasch ED: Biotransformation of sevoflurane. Anesth Analg. 1995 Dec;81(6 Suppl):S27-38. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199512001-00005. [Article]
- Wandel C, Neff S, Keppler G, Bohrer H, Stockinger K, Wilkinson GR, Wood M, Martin E: The relationship between cytochrome P4502E1 activity and plasma fluoride levels after sevoflurane anesthesia in humans. Anesth Analg. 1997 Oct;85(4):924-30. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199710000-00038. [Article]
- Kharasch ED, Thummel KE: Identification of cytochrome P450 2E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):795-807. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Sawas AH, Pentyala SN, Rebecchi MJ: Binding of volatile anesthetics to serum albumin: measurements of enthalpy and solvent contributions. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 5;43(39):12675-85. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at May 17, 2022 10:07