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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglutamine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123208MetabolicPhenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. … Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed from the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine.
Drugs: Phenylalanine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate · ATP · Magnesium cation · Phenylpyruvic acid +1 moreEnzymes: 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chainMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123255MetabolicPhenol is shown to cause cardiovascular disease and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative stress. … Phenol can get further metabolized in a liver hepatocyte to Phenyl sulphate and Phenyl glucuronide. However phenol itself is shown to be a major uremic toxin through high levels of retention.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Choline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124739MetabolicCholine is obtained from foods like poultry, meat, fish, dairy and eggs. … TMAO has negative effects on organs such as the heart, kidney and vascular system by contributing to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and kidney disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Dimethylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124873MetabolicDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. … Dimethylglycine enters the bloodstream and can cause toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Drugs: Choline · Methionine · NADH · Zinc · N,N-dimethylglycine · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126858MetabolicPhenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. … The presence of phenylacetylglycine in urine has been confirmed for dogs, rats and mice. However, the presence of this compound in human urine is controversial.
Drugs: GlycineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Hippuric Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123209MetabolicIt can reduce blood clotting and, in the kidney, inhibit organic acid secretion. It is associated with phenylketonuria, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I (genetic metabolic disorders). … After ingestion and absorption in the gut, benzoic acid is transported into the hepatic liver cell from blood where it undergoes two metabolic reactions.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123227MetabolicPhenyl glucuronide is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123239MetabolicIndoxyl glucuronide is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123300MetabolicKynurenic acid is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, and it also disrupts the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … After being transported into a hepatocyte from portal circulation tryptophan undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase to initially form kynurenine and then with a kynurenine aminotransferase
Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of 4-Ethylphenylsulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125541MetabolicIn the intestine, the 4-Ethylphenol produced from both tyrosine and phenylalanine is metabolized via a sulfotransferase into the uremic toxin 4-Ethylphenylsulfate. 4-ethylphenol sulfate is a uremic toxin … It has also been found to be related to cardiovascular mortality and to cause cell apoptosis.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Tyrosine · Iron · Oxogluric acid · Propanoic acid +3 more