Emerging anti-HIV drugs.
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De Clercq E
Emerging anti-HIV drugs.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 May;10(2):241-73.
- PubMed ID
- 15934866 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
There are now exactly 20 anti-HIV drugs licenced (approved) for clinical use, and > 30 anti-HIV compounds under (pre)clinical development. The licensed anti-HIV drugs fall into five categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine); nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz); protease inhibitors (PIs: saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir and fosamprenavir); and fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide). The compounds that are currently under clinical (Phase I, II or III) or preclinical investigation are either targeted at the same specific viral proteins as the licensed compounds (i.e., reverse transcriptase [NRTIs: PSI-5004, (-)-dOTC, DPC-817, elvucitabine, alovudine, MIV-210, amdoxovir, DOT; NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide, UC-781, capravirine, dapivirine, etravirine, rilpivirine], protease [PIs: tipranavir, TMC-114]) or other specific viral proteins (i.e., gp120: cyanovirin N; attachment inhibitors: AIs, such as BMS-488043; integrase: L-870,812, PDPV-165; capsid proteins: PA-457, alpha-HCG); or cellular proteins (CD4 downmodulators: CADAs; CXCR4 antagonists: AMD-070, CS-3955; CCR5 antagonists: TAK-220, SCH-D, AK-602, UK-427857). Combination therapy is likely to remain the gold standard for the treatment of AIDS so as to maximise potency, minimise toxicity and diminish the risk for resistance development. Ideally, pill burden should be reduced to once-daily dosing so as to optimise the patient's compliance and reduce the treatment costs.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drugs
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Alovudine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Amdoxovir Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Aplaviroc C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Capravirine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Dexelvucitabine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Didanosine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails Elvucitabine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Etravirine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Lamivudine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails Mavorixafor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistInhibitorDetails Nelfinavir HIV-1 protease Protein Human Immunodeficiency Virus YesInhibitorDetails Racivir Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 UnknownInhibitorDetails Rilpivirine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails Stavudine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails Vicriviroc C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Protein Humans UnknownAntagonistDetails Zalcitabine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails Zidovudine Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Protein Human immunodeficiency virus 1 YesInhibitorDetails