Ethanol

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Identification

Brand Names

Dalmacol, Gattex, Healing Waters Aloe Cucumber Hand Sanitizer, Healing Waters Cotton Blossom Hand Sanitizer, Healing Waters Lemon Verbena Hand Sanitizer, Healing Waters Peach Nectarine Hand Sanitizer, Lupaneta Pack 1-month, Viva-drops Lubricating Eye Drops

Generic Name

Ethanol

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00898

Background

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 46.0684
Monoisotopic: 46.041864814
Chemical Formula: C₂H₆O

Synonyms

1-Hydroxyethane
Alcohol
Alcohol (ethyl)
Alcohol anhydrous
Alcohol denatured
Alcohol etílico
Alcohol, denatured
Alcool éthylique
Alkohol
Äthanol
Äthylalkohol
Dehydrated alcohol
Dehydrated ethanol
etanol
éthanol
Ethyl Alcohol
Grain alcohol
Hydroxyethane
Methylcarbinol
Spiritus vini

External IDs

B3324
Caswell No. 426
Fema no. 2419
NCI-C03134
NSC-85228
PM-6193-200
USAF EK-1597

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Pharmacology

Indication

For therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical procedures are contraindicated.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Dose Form
Prophylaxis of	Bacterial infection		••• •••
Management of	Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy		••• •••••
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment of	Skin irritation	Combination Product in combination with: Levomenthol (DB00825)	••• •••	••••••
Used in combination for prophylaxis of	Skin bacterial infection	Combination Product in combination with: Levomenthol (DB00825)	••• •••	••••••
Used in combination for prophylaxis of	Skin bacterial infection	Combination Product in combination with: Levomenthol (DB00825)	••• •••	••••••••

Associated Therapies

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations. Ethanol also binds to GABA, glycine, NMDA receptors and modulates their effects. Ethanol is also metabolised by the hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Mechanism of action

Ethanol affects the brain’s neurons in several ways. It alters their membranes as well as their ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. Alcohol also binds directly to the receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and the NMDA receptors for glutamate. The sedative effects of ethanol are mediated through binding to GABA receptors and glycine receptors (alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits). It also inhibits NMDA receptor functioning. In its role as an anti-infective, ethanol acts as an osmolyte or dehydrating agent that disrupts the osmotic balance across cell membranes.

Target	Actions	Organism
AGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	agonist	Humans
AGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	antagonist	Humans
AGlycine receptor subunit alpha-1	agonist	Humans
AGlycine receptor subunit alpha-2	agonist	Humans
UVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1	Not Available	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	Not Available	Humans
UVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Not Available	Humans
UGlutamate receptor 1	Not Available	Humans
UVoltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Not Available	Humans
UGlutamate receptor 2	Not Available	Humans
UGlutamate receptor 4	Not Available	Humans
UGlutamate receptor 3	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	Not Available	Humans
UG protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1	Not Available	Humans
UG protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2	Not Available	Humans
UVascular cell adhesion protein 1	Not Available	Humans
UEquilibrative nucleoside transporter 1	Not Available	Humans
UG protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Not Available	Humans
UVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	Not Available	Humans
UVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	Not Available	Humans
UNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Not Available	Humans
UGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Not Available	Humans
UEquilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Not Available	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E	Not Available	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	Not Available	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D	Not Available	Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C	Not Available	Humans
UVoltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Not Available	Humans
UG protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3	Not Available	Humans
UNeural cell adhesion molecule L1	Not Available	Humans
UAcetylcholinesterase	activator	Humans
NAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7	substrate	Humans

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Hepatic. Metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1.

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Ethanol
- acetaldehyde
- Ethyl glucuronide

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Oral, rat LD₅₀: 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Disulfiram Action Pathway	Drug action
Ethanol Degradation	Metabolic

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

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Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine	1,2-Benzodiazepine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Ethanol.
Abaloparatide	Ethanol may increase the hypotensive activities of Abaloparatide.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Ethanol can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Ethanol can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abemaciclib	The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Ethanol.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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International/Other Brands

Dehydrated ethanol

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Dehydrated	Solution	9.8 mg/1mL	Intraspinal	Fisiopharma S.R.L.	2017-12-29	2019-11-21
Dehydrated	Solution	9.8 mg/1mL	Intraspinal	Fisiopharma S.R.L.	2017-12-29	2019-11-21
Dehydrated Alcohol	Injection	0.98 mL/1mL	Intraspinal	Major Pharmaceuticals	2014-08-01	2014-08-01
Dehydrated Alcohol	Injection	0.98 mL/1mL	Intraspinal	General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc	2014-01-15	2021-03-31
Dehydrated Alcohol	Injection, solution	0.98 mL/1mL	Intraspinal	AMERICAN REGENT, INC.	1990-09-30	2011-10-08

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
`WILISAN METHYLATED SPIRIT`	Liquid	95 %	Topical	CHONG PARK PHARMACEUTICAL SDN BHD	2020-09-08	2024-02-24
(Biotemed) Instant Hand Sanitizer	Gel	70 mL/100mL	Topical	Qingdao Health Ocean Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	2020-05-20	Not applicable
(CPL) Hand Sanitiser	Liquid	80 mL/100mL	Topical	Jiangsu Snow Leopard Household Chemical Co., Ltd.	2020-05-20	Not applicable
(ETHANOL62%) Dr keeps gel (ETHANOL)	Gel	62 mL/100mL	Topical	THE GUNG CO LTD	2020-04-04	Not applicable
(ETHANOL70%) Dr keeps one gel (ETHANOL)	Gel	70 mL/100mL	Topical	THE GUNG CO LTD	2020-04-04	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
(Fruli) Hand Antiseptic Rinse Free Gel	Ethanol (66 mL/100mL) + Propyl alcohol (11 mg/100mL)	Gel	Topical	Shandong Zhuojian Medical Technology Co., Ltd.	2020-05-01	Not applicable
(Fruli) Quick-Dry Disposable Hand Sanitizer	Ethanol (70 mL/100mL) + Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.5 mg/100mL)	Liquid	Topical	Shandong Zhuojian Medical Technology Co., Ltd.	2020-05-01	Not applicable
(Qiqing) Chlorhexidine Gluconate Alcohol Disinfectant	Ethanol (75 mL/100mL) + Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.45 mg/100mL)	Liquid	Topical	Qingdao precision medical technology co., LTD. Zibo branch	2020-05-01	Not applicable
10 Person ANSI	Ethanol (60 mL/100mL) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.40 mL/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Lidocaine (0.5 1/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Genuine First Aid	2010-04-24	Not applicable
25 Person ANSI	Ethanol (60 mL/100mL) + Ethanol (62 g/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.40 mL/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (70 mL/100mL) + Lidocaine (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Genuine First Aid	2010-04-25	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
4006 First Aid Kit	Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-10-13	2019-10-18
4007 First Aid Kit	Ethanol (665 mL/1L) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL)	Gel; Kit; Liquid	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-09-12	Not applicable
4013 First Aid Kit	Ethanol (665 mL/1L) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL)	Gel; Kit; Liquid	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-09-12	Not applicable
4017 First Aid Kit	Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Swab; Tablet	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicable
4020 First Aid Kit	Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-10-13	2018-10-14

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 3K9958V90M
CAS number: 64-17-5
InChI Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
IUPAC Name: ethanol
SMILES: CCO

References

Synthesis Reference

William S. Hedrick, "Process for ethanol production from cellulosic materials." U.S. Patent US4650689, issued June, 1917.

US4650689

General References

Snyder R, Kalf GF: A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(3):177-209. [Article]
Chastain G: Alcohol, neurotransmitter systems, and behavior. J Gen Psychol. 2006 Oct;133(4):329-35. [Article]
McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79. [Article]
Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46. [Article]
Hingson R, Winter M: Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(1):63-78. [Article]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0000108
KEGG Drug: D00068
KEGG Compound: C00469
PubChem Compound: 702
PubChem Substance: 46506969
ChemSpider: 682
RxNav: 448
ChEBI: 16236
ChEMBL: CHEMBL545
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000681
PharmGKB: PA448073
Guide to Pharmacology: GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand: EOH
RxList: RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Ethanol

PDB Entries

1a7s / 1ab1 / 1adb / 1adc / 1alz / 1cbn / 1cll / 1cnr / 1dba / 1drb …

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MSDS

Download (73.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

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Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count	Start Date	Why Stopped	100+ additional columns
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Not Available	Active Not Recruiting	Prevention	Complication of Hemodialysis / Hemodialysis Catheter-Associated Bacteremia	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Available	Not Available	Catheter Related Infections	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Alcohol Abuse / Alcohol Dependency / Alcohol Related Disorders	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Alcohol Dependency	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide
Not Available	Completed	Not Available	Epilepsy / Onchocerciasis	1	somestatus	stop reason	just information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Miles laboratories inc

Packagers

American Regent
Cixi Zhixin Bird Clean Care Products Co. Ltd.
Hope Pharmaceuticals
Hospira Inc.
Humco
Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Mead Johnson and Co.
Medical Techniques LLC
Prometic Pharma Inc.
Weleda Inc.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Solution	Topical	80 % w/w
Gel	Topical	62 mL/1
Spray	Topical	3028 mL/3785mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	3 mL/1
Gel	Topical	36.7 mL/59.2mL
Solution	Topical	70 mL/70mL
Liquid	Topical	62 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	73.7 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical
Lotion	Topical	530.7 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	496 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	548 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	577.7 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	541 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	66.5 g
Gel; kit; liquid	Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tablet	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Kit	Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit; liquid; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; swab	Topical
Cream; gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit; liquid	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; swab	Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel; inhalant; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Cream; inhalant; kit; swab; tablet	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Inhalant; kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swab; tablet	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Topical
Inhalant; kit; swab	Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; solution; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment	Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tablet	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tablet	Oral; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swab	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel; kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tablet	Oral; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; swab; tablet	Oral; Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; swab; tablet	Oral; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment	Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit	Irrigation; Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Cream; irrigant; kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Irrigation; Ophthalmic; Topical
Irrigant; kit; liquid; swab	Irrigation; Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit	Irrigation; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Irrigation; Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Cream; kit; ointment; swab	Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; spray; swab; tablet	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment; swab	Topical
Aerosol, spray	Topical	80.751 g/100g
Gel	Extracorporeal	146.32 mL/236mL
Swab	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	1514 mL/1893mL
Soap	Topical	0.07 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	38.5 mL/55mL
Cloth	Topical	0.75 g/1g
Spray	Extracorporeal	45 mL/60mL
Spray	Extracorporeal	75 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	210 mL/300mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	350 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	225 mL/300mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	170 mL/250mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	176.8 mL/260mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	19.72 mL/29mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	204 mL/300mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	340 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	40.8 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	54.4 mL/80mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	6.8 mL/10mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	632.4 mL/930mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	68 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	3.15 mL/1
Spray	Topical	75 g/100g
Patch	Topical	0.75 g/3.793g
Cloth	Extracorporeal	0.75 U/1U
Cloth	Extracorporeal	1.5 mL/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	150 mL/501
Cloth	Extracorporeal	480 mL/1601
Cloth	Topical	0.75 U/1U
Cloth	Topical	15 mL/101
Cloth	Topical	19 mL/51
Cloth	Topical	200 mL/401
Cloth	Topical	242.25 g/51
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/100U
Gel, metered	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75 kg/100kg
Liquid	Extracorporeal	73.5 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	4.75 g/1
Cloth	Topical	58.5 mL/1001
Spray	Topical	415 mL/500mL
Spray	Topical	189 mL/237mL
Liquid	Topical	94 mL/118mL
Gel	Topical	165.2 mL/165.2mL
Gel	Topical	168 mL/168mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	70 mL/1
Solution	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	75 g/117mL
Spray	Topical	62 g/110mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/108mL
Solution	Topical	95 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	95 kg/100kg
Aerosol	Topical	0.74 mL/1g
Solution	Topical	0.70 1/1
Gel	Topical	21.024 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	266.304 mL/380mL
Gel	Topical	141.6 mL/177.1mL
Gel	Topical	62 L/100L
Lotion	Topical	0.79 mL/1mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	45 mL/60mL
Spray	Topical	0.77 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	1 mL/0.7mL
Gel	Topical	616 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	616 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/100L
Gel	Topical	70 mL/1mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	0.7 1/1
Liquid	Topical	62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/53mL
Gel	Topical	0.8 1/1mL
Liquid	Topical	70 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.6 mL/1mL
Kit	Oral; Topical
Kit	Topical
Gel	Topical	1.24 g/2g
Cloth	Topical	261.75 g/801
Swab	Topical	70 g/100g
Gel	Topical	2.65 L/3.79L
Gel	Topical	63.1 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	620 mL/1L
Swab	Topical	0.75 mL/1
Lotion	Topical	710 g/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	62.94 g/100mL
Solution	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal; Topical	75 g/100g
Gel	Topical	62.5 g
Gel	Cutaneous	42 mL/60mL
Liquid	Topical	100 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	588 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	62.5 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	1.31 g/1
Solution	Intravenous
Spray	Topical	20.4 mL/30mL
Injection	Intravenous
Gel	Topical	0.8 mL/1g
Solution	Topical	800 mL/1L
Liquid	Topical	80 kg/100kg
Solution	Oral; Topical	56 g
Solution	Topical	70 % v/v
Solution	Topical	72.9 mL
Solution	Topical	72.916 mL
Solution	Topical	73.7 mL
Solution	Topical	73.76 mL
Solution	Topical	76.91 mL
Suspension	Oral	63 mL
Solution	Topical	72 mL
Solution	Topical	73 mL
Cellular sheet	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	216 mL/721
Swab	Topical	700 mg/1g
Aerosol	Extracorporeal	120 mL/160mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	44.84 mL/59mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	66 mL/88mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	401.5 mL/500mL
Solution	Topical	85 mL/100mL
Spray	Cutaneous; Topical	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	78 mL/100mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	193.5 mL/258mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	193.5 mL/2581
Cloth	Extracorporeal	27.75 mL/371
Cloth	Extracorporeal	270 mL/3601
Gel	Topical	65 %
Gel	Topical	6500000 %
Liquid	Topical	6.2 mL/10mL
Gel	Topical	70 % v/v
Gel	Topical	75 g/100g
Spray	Topical	280 mg/1mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	270 mL/801
Cloth	Topical	1600 mL/5001
Cloth	Topical	3.059 mL/4.37mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Swab	Topical	74.8 g/100g
Gel	Extracorporeal	42 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	70 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	140 mL/601
Cloth	Extracorporeal	150 mL/1001
Cloth	Topical	3.3 mL/1
Swab	Topical	.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	72.7 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	75 g/100g
Swab	Extracorporeal; Topical	67.8246 g/100g
Swab	Extracorporeal; Topical	75 1/1001
Cloth	Cutaneous; Topical	70 g/100g
Cloth	Extracorporeal
Cloth	Extracorporeal	100 mL/201
Cloth	Extracorporeal	15 mL/101
Cloth	Extracorporeal	200 mL/1001
Cloth	Extracorporeal	200 mL/401
Cloth	Extracorporeal	3.6 g/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	4 mL/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	400 mL/1001
Cloth	Extracorporeal	405 mL/1001
Cloth	Extracorporeal	6 mL/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	75 mL/101
Cloth	Topical	.31 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.3 1/1
Cloth	Topical	0.75 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	0.75 1/1
Cloth	Topical	0.8 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	166 g/1001
Cloth	Topical	2.625 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	230 g/501
Cloth	Topical	3 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	3.125 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	3.5 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	3.8 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	37.5 g/101
Cloth	Topical	4.3 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	4.9 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	55 mL/101
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/100a
Cloth	Topical	75 a/100a
Cloth	Topical	75 U/100U
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/101
Cloth	Topical	750 mL/1000mL
Solution	Topical	7.5 mL/1
Swab	Topical	30 g/100g
Swab	Topical	70 1/1001
Cloth	Topical	75 g/1001
Solution	Topical	70 mL
Liquid	Topical
Liquid	Topical	1 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	720 g/1L
Gel	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	307.45 mL/473mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	58.5 mL/90mL
Gel	Topical	34.6231 g/51.3338g
Liquid	Topical	60 g/100mL
Gel	Dental	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	710 g/1000mL
Spray	Topical	78 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	69.8 mL/100mL
Gel, metered	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.71 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	610.28 g/836g
Gel	Topical	2.781 L/3.785L
Liquid	Topical	331.223 mL/473.176mL
Liquid	Topical	43.66 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	347.655 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	2.781975 L/3.785L
Liquid	Topical	15.77 L/18.93L
Gel	Topical	2461 mL/3785mL
Solution	Topical	0.8334 g/473g
Gel	Topical	0.78 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	.62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	123.9 mL/177mL
Liquid	Respiratory (inhalation)
Aerosol, spray	Topical
Liquid	Topical	250 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	800 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	377.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	1500 mL/2000mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	177.75 mL/237mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	22.5 mL/30mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	37.5 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	73 g/100g
Gel	Topical	630 mg/1mL
Patch	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Patch	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	1.65 g/1
Spray	Topical	60 g/80mL
Gel	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	136.4 mL/220mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	62 g/100g
Gel	Topical	18.335 mL/29.574mL
Spray	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	64.76 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	620 g/1.0kg
Liquid	Topical	620 g/1.0L
Liquid	Topical	665 mL/1L
Spray	Topical	5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	50 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	1419 mL/1892mL
Gel	Topical	177.75 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	266.25 mL/355mL
Gel	Topical	64 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	65 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	77 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	90 mL/120mL
Liquid	Topical	0.73 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	75.15 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.68 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	37.5 g/50g
Spray	Topical	4.96 mL/8mL
Liquid	Topical	70 g/112mL
Cloth; kit	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.62 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	1.313 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	24 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	65 mL/1001
Cloth	Topical	3.75 mL/1
Gel	Topical	5 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	75 1/1001
Cloth	Topical	0.75 g/1
Liquid	Oral	62 mL/100mL
Soap	Topical
Liquid	Topical	665 mg/1L
Liquid	Topical	700 mL/1L
Patch	Topical	65.9 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	65.9 g/100g
Gel	Topical	10.353 mL/14.79mL
Gel	Topical	165.9 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	19.66 mL/29.57mL
Gel	Topical	331.1 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	39.33 mL/59.14mL
Gel	Topical	41.405 mL/59.15mL
Gel	Topical	82.6 mL/118mL
Spray	Topical	19.664 mL/29.57mL
Spray	Topical	2.79 mL/4.5mL
Spray	Topical	5.32 mL/8mL
Spray	Topical	5.58 mL/9mL
Spray	Topical	5.985 mL/9mL
Gel	Topical	20.699 mL/29.57mL
Cloth	Topical	.60 g/1
Cloth	Topical	665 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	666 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	2.9 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	96 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	750 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	.70 L/1L
Gel	Topical	.70 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	620 mg/1g
Liquid	Topical	70 L/10000L
Liquid	Topical	7000 L/10000L
Liquid	Topical	7200 L/10000L
Liquid	Topical	7500 L/10000L
Gel	Cutaneous	80 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	36.58 mL/59mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	75 g/100g
Solution	Topical	0.76 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	665 mL/100L
Cloth	Topical	73.2 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	62 mg/100mg
Gel	Topical	70.12 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	394.5 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	3945 mL/5000mL
Liquid	Topical	475 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	4750 mL/5000mL
Liquid	Topical	78.9 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	700 g/1000mL
Gel	Topical	0.75 1/1mL
Liquid	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	3 g/5g
Liquid	Topical	62 g/100g
Gel	Topical	91 mL/130mL
Gel	Topical	66.5 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.65 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	69 %
Gel	Topical	178.1 mL/260mL
Gel	Topical	195 mL/260mL
Gel	Topical	342.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	65.075 mL/95mL
Gel	Topical	67.13 mL/98mL
Gel	Topical	71.25 mL/95mL
Gel	Topical	73.5 mL/98mL
Gel	Topical	350 g/500mL
Gel	Topical	618 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	60 mL/100mL
Jelly	Topical
Stick	Topical
Gel	Topical	60.14 %
Cloth	Topical	60.14 %
Gel	Topical	154 g/220g
Gel	Topical	308 g/440g
Gel	Topical	3080 g/4400g
Gel	Topical	36.4 g/52g
Gel	Topical	60 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	42 mg/25mL
Solution	Topical	700 mL/1L
Liquid	Topical	800 mL/1L
Aerosol, foam	Topical	70 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	1000 mL/1390.025mL
Liquid	Topical	141.6 mL/177mL
Liquid	Topical	0.78 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.29326 L/0.473L
Gel	Topical	0.77 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	100 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	30 mL/40mL
Lotion	Topical	700 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	1.4 mL/2mL
Liquid	Topical	76.8 mL/96mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	2646 mL/3780mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	41.3 mL/59mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	703.5 mL/1005mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	130.2 mL/186mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	173.6 mL/248mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	82.6 mL/118mL
Spray	Extracorporeal	82.6 mL/118mL
Spray	Extracorporeal	173.6 mL/248mL
Liquid	Topical	40 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	85.5 mL/120mL
Solution	Topical	600 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	65.9 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	19.2 mL/24mL
Cloth	Topical	112.5 1/1501
Aerosol, spray	Topical	135.26 mL/150mL
Aerosol	Topical	90.24 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	1 mL/1
Gel	Topical	70 g/500mL
Gel	Topical	70 L/100L
Gel	Topical	459.96 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	650 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.7 U/1U
Liquid	Topical	189.6 mL/237mL
Liquid	Topical	186 mL/300mL
Swab	Topical	184.1 mL/263mL
Gel	Topical	0.715 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	16.1 mL/23mL
Gel	Topical	2649.5 mL/3785mL
Liquid	Topical	2649.5 mL/3785mL
Spray	Topical	56 mL/80mL
Lotion	Topical	83 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	140 mL/200mL
Gel	Topical	2649 mL/3785mL
Spray	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Gel; kit; patch	Topical
Gel	Cutaneous	70 mL/100mL
Spray	Cutaneous	80 g/100g
Spray	Topical	80 g/100g
Gel	Topical	77 g/100g
Gel, dentifrice	Dental	500 mg/1g
Cloth	Topical	1 ug/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.6999 mL/1mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	120 mL/801
Gel	Extracorporeal	150 mL/200mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	177.42 mL/236.56mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	44.25 mL/59mL
Solution, gel forming, extended release	Topical
Solution, gel forming, extended release	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.75 1/1mL
Lotion	Topical	62 dL/100dL
Liquid	Topical	62.00 g/100g
Kit; solution	Topical
Gel	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Kit	Topical	22.5 mL/30mL
Kit	Topical	22.5 mL/22.5mL
Cream	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	3.15 mL/4.5mL
Gel	Topical	1.86 mL/3mL
Gel	Topical	1.86 g/3mL
Liquid	Topical	82 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	70 mg/100mL
Liquid	Topical	69.9 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	85 mL/100mL
Solution	Intravenous	20.00 mg
Gel	Topical	0.26 g/26g
Gel	Topical	22.125 mL/29.5mL
Gel	Topical	31 g/50mL
Liquid	Topical	95 L/100L
Gel	Topical	73 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	66 mL/100mL
Kit	Electro-osmosis
Swab	Topical	0.83 1/1
Liquid	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.72 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.62 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	64.7 g/100g
Spray	Topical	0.67 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.6 g/1mL
Liquid	Topical	23.659 mL/29.574mL
Liquid	Topical	26.36 g/44mL
Solution	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.625 mg/1mg
Gel	Topical	47 mL/100mL
Lipstick	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	650 mg/1mL
Cloth; kit; ointment; swab	Topical
Liquid	Topical	30 g/100g
Swab	Topical	75 g/100g
Spray	Topical	14 mL/20mL
Solution	Topical	72 L/100L
Gel	Topical	70.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	69.62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	24.5 mL/35mL
Gel	Topical	16.32 mL/25mL
Gel	Topical	326.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	65.3 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	16.32 g/25mL
Gel	Topical	228 mL/300mL
Spray	Topical	1.42 g/30mL
Gel	Topical	1.05 g/1.5mL
Liquid	Topical	11.9 g/17mL
Gel	Topical	0.93 g/1.5mL
Gel	Topical	120 g/200mL
Gel	Topical	36 g/60mL
Gel	Topical	71 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	710 g/1L
Gel	Cutaneous	77 g/100g
Gel	Topical	35 mL/50mL
Spray	Topical	66.5 mL/95mL
Spray	Topical	249 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	249 mL/300mL
Spray	Topical	830 mL/1000mL
Cloth	Topical	70 %
Liquid	Topical	70 %
Gel	Topical	22.2 mL/29.57mL
Spray	Topical	23.66 mL/29.57mL
Gel	Topical	43 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	2.65 kg/3.78kg
Patch	Topical	75 U/100U
Gel	Topical	1 L/1L
Gel	Topical	37 mL/60mL
Spray	Topical	800 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	7.5 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	35 g/50mL
Gel	Topical	248 mL/400mL
Gel	Topical	75.9 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75 mL/100g
Liquid	Topical	70 L/100L
Gel	Topical	78 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.45 mL/3.5mL
Gel	Topical	82 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	67.38 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	146 L/209.198L
Gel	Topical	63.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	147 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	345.64 mL/532mL
Gel	Topical	0.7 kg/1L
Liquid	Topical	77.76 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	65.3 g/100g
Gel	Topical	0.84 mL/1.2mL
Gel	Topical	155 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	310 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	49.6 mL/80mL
Gel	Topical	74.4 mL/120mL
Gel	Topical	93 mL/150mL
Gel	Topical	77 mL/110mL
Cloth	Topical	0.64 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	80.0113 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	65.2 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	177.5 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	150.97 g/266mL
Gel	Topical	39.184 g/70mL
Gel	Topical	36.58 g/59mL
Cloth	Topical	3.32 g/1
Gel	Topical	0.725 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	700.52 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	72 g/100mL
Liquid	Oral	75 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	.80 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	62.000 g/100g
Solution	Cutaneous
Solution	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	71 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.71 mL/1mL
Cream	Topical
Gel	Cutaneous	0.62 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	2.59 L/3.7L
Spray	Topical	0.62 g/1g
Spray	Topical	0.95 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	338.82 g/1L
Liquid	Topical	192 mL/240mL
Liquid	Topical	480 mL/600mL
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/200mL
Sponge	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Mouthwash	Dental
Aerosol, spray	Topical	70 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	62.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	605.5 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	606.9 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	609 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	611.1 mg/1mL
Gel; kit; lipstick; liquid; lotion; swab	Topical
Liquid	Topical	86.18 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	80 L/100L
Gel	Topical	65 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	356.25 mL/475mL
Gel	Topical	60 mL/80mL
Gel	Topical	712.5 mL/950mL
Gel	Topical	620 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	58.36 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	800 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	6.5 mL/10mL
Liquid	Topical	585 g/1mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.51395 g/1g
Aerosol	Topical	0.697948 g/1g
Gel	Topical	58.10 mg/1g
Spray	Topical	56 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	62.00 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	73 1/1001
Gel	Topical	20 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	550 g/59mL
Gel	Topical	700 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.80 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	48 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	64.5 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	62 mL/62mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	66 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	3.15406 L/3.785L
Gel	Topical	73.3 mL/100mL
Solution	Intraspinal	9.8 mg/1mL
Injection	Intraspinal	0.98 mL/1mL
Injection, solution	Intraspinal	0.98 mL/1mL
Injection, solution	Percutaneous	1 mL/1mL
Solution	Intraspinal	0.98 mL/1mL
Liquid	Intramuscular; Subcutaneous	0.995 mL / mL
Injection	Intravenous	100 %
Solution	Infiltration; Intravenous	100 % v/v
Gel	Topical	686.9 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	0.65 g/113g
Liquid	Topical	0.65 g/283g
Spray	Topical	61.75 mL/100mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical
Gel	Topical	30 g/50mL
Gel	Topical	72 mL/115mL
Gel	Topical	71.5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	81.11 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75.0006 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	76 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.65 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	66 %
Liquid	Topical	62.75 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	65 mL/1mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.547 mg/1mg
Aerosol, foam	Topical	62.5 g/100g
Solution	Topical	0.547 mg/1mg
Solution	Topical	60 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	54.7 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	38.7 g / mL
Gel	Topical	70.6646 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	141.5 g/355mL
Spray	Topical	375 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	175 mL/250mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	354.75 mL/473mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	662.2 mL/946mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	588 mL/1401
Cloth	Extracorporeal	255 mL/801
Cloth	Extracorporeal	2 mL/1
Gel	Extracorporeal	75 mL/100mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	225 mL/3001
Cloth	Extracorporeal	75 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	75 1/1001
Spray	Topical	150 mL/200mL
Spray	Topical	196.5 g/503mL
Cloth	Topical	1 mL/1mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	100 mL/801
Cloth	Extracorporeal	430.5 g/574g
Cloth	Topical	132.35 mL/301
Cloth	Topical	21 1/1001
Cloth	Topical	220.59 mL/501
Cloth	Topical	352.94 mL/801
Cloth	Topical	4.5 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	60 g/801
Cloth	Topical	67.5 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	80 1/1001
Cloth	Topical	2.1 g/1
Gel	Topical	0.69 mL/1mL
Gel	Cutaneous; Topical	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	10.8 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	75 mL/100g
Liquid	Extracorporeal
Liquid	Extracorporeal	350 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	335 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	82 g/100g
Spray	Cutaneous; Topical	78 mL/100mL
Liquid	Oral
Spray	Topical	62.225 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	760 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	610 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	760 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.7 g/59g
Spray	Topical	0.7 g/59g
Gel	Topical	70.00075 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	68 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	750 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	217 mL/350mL
Gel	Topical	7 mL/10mL
Spray	Topical	70.01 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	2720 mL/4000mL
Gel	Topical	43.4 mL/70mL
Gel	Topical	0.975 mL/1.5mL
Gel	Topical	19.5 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	375 g/500mL
Gel	Topical	222 mL/300mL
Gel	Topical	37 mL/50mL
Cloth	Topical	3.325 g/1
Cloth	Topical	67 mL/100g
Aerosol, spray	Topical	75 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	3 g/1
Cloth	Topical	2.02 g/1
Cloth	Topical	2.4 g/1
Gel	Topical	385 mL/550mL
Gel	Topical	49 mL/70mL
Gel	Topical	662.2 mL/946mL
Liquid	Topical	23 g/100g
Gel	Topical	168 mL/240mL
Cloth	Topical	2.18 mL/1
Gel	Topical	340 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	40.8 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	800 mg/1.2mL
Spray	Topical	800 mg/1.2mL
Gel	Topical	1.36 mL/2mL
Liquid	Topical	0.3 mL/1mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	1.5 mL/2mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	168.75 g/301
Gel	Topical	0.7 g/3974g
Gel	Topical	0.74 g/284g
Liquid	Topical	88 mL/110mL
Gel	Topical	283.5 g/500mL
Spray	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Cream	Topical	37.8 g/60g
Spray	Topical	102 mL/170mL
Liquid	Topical	0.7 L/1L
Solution	Topical	556 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	589.4 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	598.5 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	380 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	73.7 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	13 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	65 mL/500mL
Cloth	Topical	168.75 g/501
Cloth	Topical	341.25 g/1001
Gel	Topical	70.05 1/1
Stick	Topical	78.5 mL/100mL
Kit; stick	Topical
Cloth	Topical	78.5 mL/100mL
Tincture	Topical	0.48 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	3154 mL/3785mL
Solution	Topical	7 mL/10mL
Cloth	Topical	0.7 1/1
Spray	Topical	7 mL/10mL
Gel	Topical	600 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	700 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	60 g/100g
Solution	Buccal; Oral
Soap	Percutaneous	0.62 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	70 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.5634 g/1mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	86 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	138.06 g/236mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	65 mL/1
Solution	Topical	700 mg/1mL
For solution	Topical	75 mL/75mL
For solution	Topical	80 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	210 mL/300mL
Liquid	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	74.33 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	74.25 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	357 mL/510mL
Gel	Topical	83 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	1 L/1L
Spray, suspension	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	15 mL/20mL
Gel	Topical	.70 g/1g
Gel	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.67 mL/1mL
Lotion	Topical	500 mL/500mL
Lotion	Topical	960 mg/960mg
Cloth	Topical	0.7 mL/1
Liquid	Cutaneous	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	60 g/1001
Gel	Topical	72 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.83 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	1875 mL/2500mL
Liquid	Topical	2250 mL/3000mL
Liquid	Topical	3.75 L/5L
Liquid	Topical	7.5 mL/10L
Liquid	Topical	750 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	0.75 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	1.875 L/2.5L
Liquid	Topical	15 L/20L
Liquid	Topical	18.75 L/25L
Liquid	Topical	2.25 L/3L
Liquid	Topical	37.5 L/50L
Liquid	Topical	7.5 L/10L
Liquid	Topical	7 g/10g
Aerosol, spray	Topical	80 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	0.83 1/1
Kit	Ophthalmic; Topical
Gel	Topical	86.8 g/140mL
Liquid	Topical	128.21 g/1
Gel	Topical	340 g/500mL
Gel	Topical	42 g/60mL
Gel	Topical	66.5 g/100g
Kit	Topical	0.7 g/1g
Cloth	Topical	66 1/1001
Liquid	Topical	48 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	1480 mL/2000mL
Liquid	Topical	66 L/100L
Aerosol, foam	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Soap	Topical	624 L/1041L
Aerosol, foam	Topical	62.5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	54.2 g/100g
Gel	Topical	70 g/100g
Soap	Topical	0.072 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	71.28 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	69 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.65 mL/1mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	40 mL/50mL
Spray	Topical	31 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	70.6586 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70.6926 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	605.7 mg/1mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	70 mg/100g
Gel	Topical	66 g/100g
Gel	Topical	60 mL/96mL
Gel	Topical	650 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	65.0 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.8 g/1mL
Liquid	Topical	17.98 mL/29mL
Lotion	Topical	185 mL/295mL
Liquid	Topical	75 g/100mL
Solution	Topical	23.7 mL/30mL
Solution	Topical	94.8 mL/120mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	165 mL/501
Cloth	Extracorporeal	33.75 mL/101
Cloth	Extracorporeal	375 mL/501
Liquid	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	600 mL/1L
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution; kit	Subcutaneous; Topical
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.62 g/1g
Gel	Topical	63.12 g/100g
Gel	Topical	87.5 mL/125mL
Gel	Topical	700 mL/1L
Liquid	Topical	0.7238 1/1mL
Cream	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Cream	Topical	620 mg/1g
Soap	Topical	0.67 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	69.5 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	63 %
Cloth	Topical	112.5 mL/150mL
Lotion	Topical	62 %
Cloth	Topical	0.8 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	75.6 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	.70 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	66.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	78.26 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	83.47 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	67.7 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	630 g/1000g
Solution	Topical	80 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	150 mL/200mL
Gel	Topical	63 1/100g
Solution	Topical	42 mL/60mL
Cloth	Topical	66.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	2789 mL/3785mL
Gel	Topical	0.8 mL/1mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	196 mL/280mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	40.6 mL/58mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	52.5 mL/75mL
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Gel	Topical	46.5 g/75mL
Mouthwash	Oral
Gel	Topical	70.0 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	94.4 mL/118mL
Cloth	Topical	0.62 g/1g
Spray	Topical	95 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	2650 mL/3785mL
Gel, metered	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.733 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	74 L/100L
Gel	Topical	37.5 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	11.9 mL/17mL
Spray	Topical	33 g/55g
Liquid	Topical	98.3 mL/118mL
Gel	Topical	63 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	16.41 mg/30mL
Gel	Topical	15.67 mg/30mL
Gel	Topical	1.09 g/2mL
Gel	Topical	16.41 g/30mL
Gel	Topical	174.0 g/300mL
Gel	Topical	130.65 mg/250mL
Gel; kit	Topical	660 mg/1mL
Gel; kit	Topical	660 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	35.15 g/60mL
Gel	Topical	62.7 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.68 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	64.6 g/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous	62.035 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.7 mg/1mL
Liquid	Cutaneous; Topical	80 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	0.8 L/1L
Spray	Topical	0.8 1/1
Liquid	Topical	47.2 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	0.066 L/100L
Aerosol, spray	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	78 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.7 g/1g
Cloth	Topical	0.75 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	18000 cm2/24000cm2
Cloth	Topical	32400 cm2/43200cm2
Cloth	Topical	36000 cm2/48000cm2
Cloth	Topical	37161 cm2/49548cm2
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/75mL
Cloth	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Cream	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous	68 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous	71 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous; Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous; Topical	80 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	0.84 mL/1.2mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	187.5 mL/250mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	2.835 L/3.78L
Gel	Extracorporeal	21.75 mL/29mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	262.5 mL/350mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	295.625 mL/473mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	295.625 mL/437mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	315 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	352.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	354.75 mL/473mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	37.8 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	42.3 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	709.5 mL/946mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	750 mL/1000mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	937.5 mL/1250mL
Gel	Percutaneous	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	.65 kg/100L
Gel	Topical	.665 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.25 L/100L
Gel	Topical	0.625 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.656 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.75 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.876 mL/1.2mL
Gel	Topical	1.5 mL/2mL
Gel	Topical	1324.89 mL/1892.7mL
Gel	Topical	146.3 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	1500 mL/2000mL
Gel	Topical	151.68 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	155.709 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	160 mL/200mL
Gel	Topical	165.2 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	165.61 mL/236.59mL
Gel	Topical	169.92 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	172.8 L/216L
Gel	Topical	177 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	184.6 mL/355mL
Gel	Topical	2.38 kg/3.79L
Gel	Topical	2.66 L/3.8L
Gel	Topical	2.72 L/3.78L
Gel	Topical	2.8 L/4L
Gel	Topical	20.4 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	200 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	21.75 mL/29mL
Gel	Topical	221.25 mL/295mL
Gel	Topical	24 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	2460.52 mL/3785.41mL
Gel	Topical	2649.79 mL/3785.41mL
Gel	Topical	265.2 mL/354.8mL
Gel	Topical	2660 mL/3800mL
Gel	Topical	280 mL/400mL
Gel	Topical	2800 mL/4000mL
Gel	Topical	2838 mL/3785mL
Gel	Topical	3.02 L/3.78L
Gel	Topical	3.5 L/5L
Gel	Topical	3000 mL/4000mL
Gel	Topical	331.22 mL/473.18mL
Gel	Topical	340.6 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	3500 mL/5000mL
Gel	Topical	354.75 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	3750 mL/5000mL
Gel	Topical	385 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	39 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	398.84 mL/498.5mL
Gel	Topical	41.3 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	41.667 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	42.5 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	43.365 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	435 mL/580mL
Gel	Topical	44.25 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	45 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	47.2 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	53.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	545 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	558 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	567 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	578 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	585 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	59 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	60.075 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	616 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/89mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	62.4 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	62.5 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	64 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	64 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	64.15 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	65 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	65.0 mL/100L
Gel	Topical	650 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	66 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	66 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	662.45 mL/946.35mL
Gel	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	68 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	68.77 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	681.2 mL/946mL
Gel	Topical	70 g/112mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	70.21 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70.325 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70.47 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70.473 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	700 L/1000L
Gel	Topical	71 g/100g
Gel	Topical	71.25 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	715.4 mL/1021.95mL
Gel	Topical	720 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	73.06 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	74 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75 L/100L
Gel	Topical	75 mL/75mL
Gel	Topical	75.05 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75.12 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75.225 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75.59 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75.768575 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	75.769 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	750 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	756.8 mL/946mL
Gel	Topical	76.578357 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	760 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	80 g/100g
Gel	Topical	80 mL/80mL
Gel	Topical	800 L/1000L
Gel	Topical	82.81 mL/118.29mL
Gel	Topical	83.334 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	837 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	93 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	939.84 kg/1270.05kg
Gel	Topical	96 mL/120mL
Gel	Topical; Transdermal	73 mL/100mL
Jelly	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Cutaneous; Topical	75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	0.75 L/1L
Liquid	Extracorporeal	1.875 mL/2.5mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	1417.5 mL/1890mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	146.32 mL/236mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	15 L/20L
Liquid	Extracorporeal	166.38 mL/236mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	169.2 mL/240mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	177 mL/236mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	177.75 mL/237mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	200 mL/250mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	21.15 mL/30mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	210 mL/300mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	225 mL/300mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	24 mL/30mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	253.8 mL/360mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	266.25 mL/355mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	3.75 L/5L
Liquid	Extracorporeal	33.4 mL/50mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	352.5 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	37.2 mL/60mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	3750 mL/5000mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	40 mL/50mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	400 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	42.3 mL/60mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	45 mL/60mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	47.6 mL/68mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	48 mL/60mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	700 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	750 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	80 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	88.5 mL/118mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	90 mL/120mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	96 mL/120mL
Liquid	Topical	0.07 L/0.1L
Liquid	Topical	0.08 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	0.5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.58 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.62 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	0.8 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	0.8 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.879 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	1.325 L/1.893L
Liquid	Topical	1.75 mL/2.5mL
Liquid	Topical	100 mL/62mL
Liquid	Topical	140 L/200L
Liquid	Topical	1465.1 mL/1750mL
Liquid	Topical	15141.64 mL/18927.05mL
Liquid	Topical	152 L/189L
Liquid	Topical	154 L/220L
Liquid	Topical	1577 mL/1892mL
Liquid	Topical	160 L/200L
Liquid	Topical	165.2 mL/236mL
Liquid	Topical	166.56 L/208.2L
Liquid	Topical	166558.04 mL/208197.55mL
Liquid	Topical	175 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	176 L/220L
Liquid	Topical	177 mL/236mL
Liquid	Topical	2.38 kg/3.79L
Liquid	Topical	2.646 L/3.78L
Liquid	Topical	2.65 L/3.78L
Liquid	Topical	200 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	24 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	240 mL/300mL
Liquid	Topical	25.6 mL/32mL
Liquid	Topical	3.364 L/3.785L
Liquid	Topical	3.5 mL/5mL
Liquid	Topical	3000 mL/4000mL
Liquid	Topical	3024 mL/3780mL
Liquid	Topical	3028 mL/1001
Liquid	Topical	3028.32 mL/3785.4mL
Liquid	Topical	3028.33 mL/3785.42mL
Liquid	Topical	3028.33 mL/3785mL
Liquid	Topical	3028.33 mL/3785.41mL
Liquid	Topical	310.5 mL/476mL
Liquid	Topical	3154.382 mL/3785.41mL
Liquid	Topical	320 mL/473mL
Liquid	Topical	36.58 mL/59mL
Liquid	Topical	378.4 mL/473mL
Liquid	Topical	378540 mL/378541mL
Liquid	Topical	4 mL/5mL
Liquid	Topical	4000 mL/5000mL
Liquid	Topical	435 mL/580mL
Liquid	Topical	5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	53.3 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	616 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	62 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	62 kg/100L
Liquid	Topical	620 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	621 mL/946mL
Liquid	Topical	63 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	630 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	64.325 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	70 mL/70mL
Liquid	Topical	700 L/1000L
Liquid	Topical	71 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	72.82 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.3 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.4 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.409 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	736.84 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	74 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75.3 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	757 mL/946mL
Liquid	Topical	77.7 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	80 d/100d
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/472mL
Liquid	Topical	80 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	80.02 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	80.5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	80.8 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	800 L/1000L
Liquid	Topical	8000 L/10000L
Liquid	Topical	8000 mL/10000mL
Liquid	Topical	815.49 L/1022.6L
Liquid	Topical	82.74 mL/118.2mL
Liquid	Topical	833 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	84 mL/120mL
Liquid	Topical	908.5 L/1135L
Liquid	Topical	95 L/1000L
Liquid	Topical	95 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	99 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical; Ureteral; Vaginal	80 mL/100mL
Lotion	Extracorporeal	375 mL/500mL
Lotion	Topical	.073 mL/100L
Lotion	Topical	0.7 L/1L
Lotion	Topical	558 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	567 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Ointment	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Soap	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	2391 mL/3785mL
Solution	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	77 g/100g
Solution	Topical	8 mL/10mL
Solution / drops	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Solution, gel forming / drops	Cutaneous; Topical	80 mL/100mL
Solution, gel forming / drops	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Spray	Extracorporeal; Topical	75 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	.62 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	.63 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.625 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.7 g/1g
Spray	Topical	1 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	100 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	1514.16 mL/1892.7mL
Spray	Topical	189.27 mL/236.59mL
Spray	Topical	22.5 mL/30mL
Spray	Topical	3.56 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	3028.33 mL/3785.41mL
Spray	Topical	378.56 mL/473.18mL
Spray	Topical	41.3 mL/60mL
Spray	Topical	47.32 mL/59.15mL
Spray	Topical	64.4 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	66.4 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	70 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	70 mL/70mL
Spray	Topical	71.48 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	75 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	75.725 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	757.08 mL/946.35mL
Spray	Topical	80 mL/120mL
Spray	Topical	86 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	94.64 mL/118.29mL
Spray, metered	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.7 mL/1
Swab	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	77.5 mL/125mL
Patch	Topical	66.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/250mL
Gel; kit	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel; kit	Topical
Spray	Topical	95 mL/118mL
Gel	Topical	2346 mL/3783mL
Gel	Topical	69 mL/100g
Solution	Topical	7 1/1
Gel	Topical	2.835 L/3.785L
Gel	Topical	2649 mL/3783mL
Liquid	Topical	72 mL/1
Gel, metered	Topical	367.5000015 mL/500mL
Lotion	Topical	971.37414 L/1248L
Gel	Transdermal	70 L/100L
Solution	Topical	60 mL/100g
Gel	Topical	5 mL/8mL
Solution	Topical	166.4 L/208L
Solution	Topical	168.11466 L/208L
Liquid	Topical	26.22 mL/38mL
Gel	Topical	0.67 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	62.0000 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.95 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	750 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.66 mL/1mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	390 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	78 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.703 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	180 mL/240mL
Gel	Topical	222.72299 mL/300mL
Gel	Topical	2725.5 mL/1
Gel	Topical	3000 mL/4L
Gel	Topical	41.4 mL/59.15mL
Gel	Topical	664.3 L/1021.95L
Gel	Topical	700 mL/946mL
Gel	Topical	715.4 L/1021.95L
Gel	Topical	766.5 L/1021.95L
Gel	Topical	78.3 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/1g
Gel	Topical	80 L/500mL
Gel	Topical	83.6 mL/110mL
Gel	Topical	62 %
Gel	Topical	64.6 mL/85mL
Gel	Topical	65.7 g/100g
Gel	Topical	55 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	60 %
Liquid	Topical	766.46 L/1021.95L
Liquid	Topical	817.56 L/1021.95L
Spray	Topical	11.9 g/17mL
Gel	Topical	62 mg/117.6mL
Spray	Topical	0.8 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	68 mL/68mL
Liquid	Topical	750 mL/1L
Liquid	Topical	70 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	70.473 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	62 g/100g
Spray	Topical	65 g/100g
Gel	Topical	660 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	65.5 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	7 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	66 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/100g
Solution	Topical	75 1/1001
Gel	Topical	65 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	65 mL/1mL
Aerosol	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	47 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	60.146532 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	670 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	2.7 mL/3.6mL
Spray	Topical	45 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	62 mg/100mL
Liquid	Topical	28.5 mL/38mL
Gel	Topical	62 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.566 1/1
Cloth	Topical	150 mL/501
Cloth	Topical	2.7 g/1
Cloth	Topical	62 1/1001
Cloth	Topical	620 mg/1g
Cloth	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	2.1 mL/1
Swab	Topical	76 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	740 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	2835 mL/3780mL
Liquid	Topical	62 g/112mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	375 mL/500mL
Swab	Topical	0.75 g/1
Liquid	Topical	165.61 mL/236.59mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	3000 mL/4000mL
Gel	Topical	70 1/100mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	62 mL/100L
Solution	Topical	80 L/1000mL
Gel	Topical	71.35 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	62 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	0.73 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.73 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	79 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	350 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	75 ug/1
Spray	Topical	10.54 mL/17mL
Spray	Topical	0.703 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/1
Spray	Topical	4.65 mL/7.5mL
Solution	Topical	2.4 mL/3mL
Solution	Topical	0.7 mL/285mL
Gel	Topical	350 mL/500mL
Spray	Topical	49.6 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	60 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	0.30 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	1 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	62 mL/532mL
Solution	Topical	42 mg/25mL
Soap	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/70mL
Gel	Topical	6 g/200g
Gel	Topical	4.5 g/150g
Gel	Topical	2 g/200g
Liquid	Topical	75 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	76.448 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	82.404 mL/100mL
Powder	Topical	1 mg/100mg
Gel	Topical	60.15 mL/100mL
Kit	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	6 mL/200mL
Gel	Topical	5.4 mg/180mL
Gel	Topical	1.8 mg/180mL
Solution	Topical	1.8 mg/180mL
Gel	Topical	4 mg/50mL
Liquid	Topical	657.9 mL/750mL
Gel	Topical	604.8 mg/1mL
Swab	Topical	75 mL/75mL
Swab	Topical	75 1/1
Gel	Topical	2.646 L/3.78L
Liquid	Topical	17.57 g/30mL
Cloth	Topical	120 mL/401
Liquid	Topical	0.74 g/473g
Spray	Topical	16.7 g/30mL
Solution	Topical	62 L/100L
Solution	Topical	75 L/100L
Gel	Topical	80.0 L/100L
Gel	Topical	62.0 L/100L
Gel	Topical	310 g/500mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	54.7 g/100g
Gel	Topical	72.34 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	600 mL/1L
Solution	Topical	73 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	.6329 mL/.9242mL
Gel	Topical	10.35 mL/14.78mL
Gel	Topical	315 mL/450mL
Gel	Topical	42 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	73.3 L/100L
Liquid	Cutaneous	80 mL/100mL
Patch	Extracorporeal	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	166 mL/200mL
Gel	Topical	416 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	50 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	833 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	99.996 mL/120mL
Solution	Topical	2 g/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	3.028 L/3.785L
Liquid	Topical	75.0249 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	80.0992 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	80.1004 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	80.1026 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	75.0271 L/100L
Gel	Topical	75.0128 L/100L
Gel	Topical	80.0836 L/100L
Gel	Topical	80.0847 L/100L
Gel	Topical	80.0870 L/100L
Gel	Topical	75.015 L/100L
Gel	Topical	80.0524 L/100L
Solution, gel forming / drops	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	70 mL/100g
Gel	Topical	63 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	73 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 g/1g
Gel	Topical	2.649787 L/3.78541L
Gel	Topical	266.1615 mL/354.882mL
Liquid	Topical	56.525 g/100mL
Gel; kit	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel; kit	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Kit	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Liquid	Cutaneous	54.7 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.7224 g/1mL
Soap	Topical	0.7 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	70 mL/100g
Cloth	Topical	0.5 mL/1
Gel	Extracorporeal	141.6 mL/236mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	20.3 mL/29mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	228 mL/300mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	2649.5 mL/3785mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	351.4 mL/502mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	380 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	44.325 mL/59.1mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	45.6 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	68.4 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	680 mL/1000mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	70 1/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	700 mL/1000mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	75 L/100L
Gel	Extracorporeal	76 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	760 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	.60 g/1
Gel	Topical	.60 g/.9g
Gel	Topical	.60 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	.62 kg/100L
Gel	Topical	0.7 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	168.75 mL/225mL
Gel	Topical	187.5 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	19.61 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	22.5 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	262.5 mL/350mL
Gel	Topical	3600 mL/4800mL
Gel	Topical	375 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	395 g/500mL
Gel	Topical	540.26 g/1L
Gel	Topical	6 mL/10mL
Gel	Topical	60 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	65 kg/100L
Gel	Topical	660 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	665 mg/1L
Gel	Topical	665 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	665 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	665 mL/1g
Gel	Topical	700 mg/1000mL
Gel	Topical	700 mg/1L
Gel	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	900 mL/1200mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	0.7 L/1L
Liquid	Extracorporeal	1.4 L/2L
Liquid	Extracorporeal	165.2 mL/236mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	21 mL/30mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	22.5 mL/30mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	247.5 mL/330mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	351.4 mL/502mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	375 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	41.3 mL/59mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	413.7 mL/591mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	60 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	131.4 mL/180mL
Liquid	Topical	1400 mL/2000mL
Liquid	Topical	146 mL/200mL
Liquid	Topical	172.28 mL/236mL
Liquid	Topical	182.5 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	21 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	21.9 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	219 mL/300mL
Liquid	Topical	245 mL/350mL
Liquid	Topical	255.5 mL/350mL
Liquid	Topical	36.5 mL/50mL
Liquid	Topical	365 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	392 mL/560mL
Liquid	Topical	43.8 mL/60mL
Liquid	Topical	620 mL/1L
Liquid	Topical	689.5 mL/985mL
Liquid	Topical	730 mL/1000mL
Solution, concentrate	Topical	37.5 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	147 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	33 mL/53mL
Gel	Topical	146 mL/236mL
Liquid	Topical	146 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	0.665 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	18.6 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	65 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	71 g/100g
Gel	Topical	65.0000 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	65.9 mg/1
Cloth	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	80 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	78 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.45 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical
Liquid	Topical	600 mL/1000mL
Spray	Topical	65.3 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	65.3 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	73.7 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.68 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	680 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	80 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.94 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	8333 mL/10000mL
Solution	Topical	70 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	72.9 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	58 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	395 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	298.5 mL/300mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	497.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	79.6 mL/80mL
Patch	Topical
Gel	Extracorporeal	300 mL/500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	35 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	37.2 g/60mL
Cloth	Topical	2.625 g/1
Cloth	Topical	2.66 g/1
Solution	Topical	60 L/100L
Lotion	Topical	613.8 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.6152 1/1
Cloth	Topical	1.79 g/1
Spray	Topical	18.6 mL/30mL
Spray	Topical	186 mL/300mL
Gel	Topical	620 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	14.88 g/30mL
Liquid	Topical	83 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	73.68 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	35 g/50g
Liquid	Topical	47.32 mL/59.15mL
Solution	Topical	69 mL/100g
Solution	Topical	3.4 mL/1
Gel	Topical	73.0166 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	73 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	78 mL/78mL
Liquid	Topical	62 mg/100mL
Liquid	Topical	68 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	73.68 g/100g
Gel	Topical	430 g/500g
Cloth	Topical	70.0984 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	70.0984 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	70.1038 L/100L
Gel	Topical	70.0882 L/100L
Gel	Topical	70.0936 L/100L
Cloth	Topical	70.1038 L/100L
Gel	Topical	70.1442 L/100L
Solution	Topical	0.7 L/1L
Solution	Topical	62 mL/0.1L
Solution	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Soap	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Solution	Percutaneous	42 mg/25mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	70 g/100g
Solution	Topical	75 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	670 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	50.967 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	65 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	0.66 1/1
Gel	Topical	345 mL/500mL
Cloth	Topical	800 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	73.2 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	32.3 mL/50mL
Cloth; cream; gel; kit; ointment; solution	Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic
Solution	Topical	6.5 mL/1
Gel	Topical	14000 mL/20000mL
Gel	Topical	210 mL/300mL
Cloth	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	80 mL/135mL
Liquid	Topical	0.48 mL/1mL
Tincture	Topical
Gel	Topical	72.16 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	300 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	81.1 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	3.6 g/1
Spray	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	61 L/100L
Gel	Topical	73 L/100L
Gel	Topical	72.8 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	88.7 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	37.34 g/52.6g
Gel	Topical	70.7 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	71 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	40.6 mL/60mL
Cloth	Topical	4 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	2.5 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	700 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	118.3 mL/118.3mL
Liquid	Topical	3785 mL/3785mL
Liquid	Topical	473 mL/473mL
Liquid	Topical	236 mL/236mL
Spray	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Gel	Cutaneous
Gel	Topical	17.98 mL/29mL
Liquid	Topical	40 mL/50mL
Liquid	Topical	400 mL/500mL
Cloth	Topical	62 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension; kit; tablet	Intramuscular; Oral; Topical
Spray	Topical	350 g/500mL
Liquid	Topical	41.3 mL/59mL
Liquid	Topical	86 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	310 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	84 mL/120mL
Spray	Topical	112.5 mL/150mL
Aerosol, spray	Cutaneous	75 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.69 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	72 L/100L
Patch	Topical	15 1/1001
Liquid	Topical	93 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	355 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	0.734 g/1mL
Liquid	Topical	42 mL/60mL
Emulsion	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	80 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	0.5 g/10mL
Gel	Topical	68 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	665 g/1L
Gel	Topical	0.62 g/1
Gel	Topical	64.5 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	55 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	38.97 mL/59mL
Solution	Topical	47.2 mL/59mL
Spray	Topical	21 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	31 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	60.25 %
Gel	Topical	2646 mL/3780mL
Liquid	Topical	2646 mL/3780mL
Gel	Topical	71 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	310 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	46.5 mL/75mL
Liquid	Topical	.62 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	0.62 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	0.70 L/1L
Gel	Topical	0.8 L/1L
Gel	Topical	0.7 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	757.04 mL/946.3mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	24.9 mL/30mL
Spray	Topical	620 mL/1000mL
Solution	Intravenous	80.0000 mg
Liquid	Topical	390 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	554 mL/554mL
Gel	Topical	86.8 mL/140mL
Gel	Topical	2.4 mL/3mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	0.7343 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.827 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Lotion	Topical	96 mL/120mL
Liquid	Topical	620 mg/1g
Liquid	Topical	74.3 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	.62 mL/1mL
Lotion	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 g/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.70 1/1
Gel	Topical	0.76 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	153.34 mL/237mL
Spray	Topical	35 g/50mL
Gel	Topical	70.4 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.94 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.7 g/118g
Gel	Topical	0.7 g/59g
Lotion	Topical	0.7 g/340g
Liquid	Topical	800 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	142.8 mL/240mL
Spray	Topical	83 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	354.4 mL/801
Gel	Topical	60 %
Liquid	Topical	62 mL/100g
Gel; kit	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	72 g/100g
Liquid	Vaginal	5 g/100g
Gel	Topical	63.16 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	378 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	148.8 mL/240mL
Liquid	Topical	1 g/100g
Gel	Topical	800 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	62.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	62.0 g/100g
Gel	Topical	19.428 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	49.0 mL/70mL
Liquid	Topical	83 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	8 g/100g
Spray	Topical	35 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	70.01595407 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	245 mL/350mL
Gel	Topical	77 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	300 mL/375mL
Liquid	Topical	94.64 mL/118.3mL
Gel	Topical	210 g/300mL
Gel	Topical	42.0 g/60mL
Liquid	Topical	3028 mL/3785mL
Swab	Topical	17.55 g/27g
Liquid	Topical	15142 L/18317L
Gel	Extracorporeal	375 g/500g
Gel	Topical	0.7 g/1g
Liquid	Extracorporeal	39.6 mL/60mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	42 mL/60mL
Kit	Topical	665 mL/1L
Gel; kit	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Kit	Dental; Topical
Liquid	Topical	490 mL/700mL
Gel	Topical	48 mL/60mL
Liquid	Nasal	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	43.4 g/70mL
Patch	Topical	75 mL/1g
Gel	Topical	61.9937 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	350.0 g/500mL
Gel, dentifrice	Dental	50 g/100g
Spray	Topical	650 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	710 g/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	672 g/1000mL
Gel	Topical	396 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	35 mL/50mL
Liquid	Topical	350 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	310 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	64 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	38 mL/50mL
Liquid	Topical	123.9 mL/177mL
Liquid	Topical	14 mL/20mL
Gel	Topical	400 mL/500mL
Spray, metered	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.8075 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	65.1846 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	65.2459 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	56 mL/80mL
Spray	Topical	77 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	64 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.6175 g/1g
Gel	Topical	350 g/500g
Solution	Topical	2.25 mL/1
Swab	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.6 g/6g
Spray	Topical	36.58 mL/59mL
Liquid	Topical	60 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	170.3436 mL/236.588mL
Gel	Topical	21 g/30mL
Swab	Topical	0.75 g/3.793g
Spray	Topical	66.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	662 mL/946mL
Soap	Percutaneous	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	36.7 mL/59mL
Gel	Topical	73 L/100mL
Gel	Topical	175 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.72 mL/1mL
Patch	Topical	0.72 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	2914.76 mL/3785.4mL
Gel	Topical	625 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.71 L/1L
Cloth	Topical	0.70 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Stick	Topical	0.70 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.659 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	189.3 mL/236.6mL
Gel	Topical	67 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	40.2 g/60mL
Solution	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	63.31 g/100g
Cloth; gel; kit	Topical
Gel	Topical	65 L/100L
Gel	Topical	68 L/100L
Gel	Topical	225 mL/300mL
Gel	Topical	2838.75 mL/3785mL
Gel	Topical	750 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	151.2 L/216L
Gel	Topical	2.65 L/3.78L
Gel	Topical	62 mL/62mL
Gel	Topical	16.2 mL/30mL
Gel	Topical	111.6 mL/180mL
Gel	Topical	297.6 mL/480mL
Gel	Topical	74.13 mL/100mL
Liquid	Nasal	65 mL/100g
Gel	Topical	310.0 g/500mL
Liquid	Cutaneous
Gel	Topical	28 g/40mL
Cloth	Topical	30 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	64.6 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	415 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	0.93 mL/1.5mL
Solution	Oral
Spray	Topical	340.56 mL/470mL
Liquid	Topical	8 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	2.3 g/1
Gel	Cutaneous	41.40297 mL/59.15mL
Gel	Cutaneous	41.40297 mL/59.51mL
Gel	Topical	614.6 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	75.85 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	2650 mL/3785mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	68 mg/1mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	65.9 g/100g
Aerosol, spray	Topical	62.2 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	91 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	99 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	70 mg/100mL
Solution	Topical	75 mg/100mL
Solution	Topical	73.8 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	3 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.665 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	80 ng/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.08 L/0.1L
Gel	Extracorporeal	39.75 mL/53mL
Solution	Topical	78 mL/100mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	620 mg/1g
Gel	Topical	60 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	31 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	65.6 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	76 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	83 L/100L
Solution	Topical	534 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	62 %
Gel	Topical	.7 mL/1mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.625 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.70 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Lotion	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.85 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.70 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	63 % w/w
Gel	Topical	70 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	70.0 %
Cloth	Topical	243.75 g/601
Cloth	Topical	63.75 g/201
Gel	Topical	607.6 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	17.5 mL/25mL
Spray	Topical	73.7 g/100mL
Solution	Topical
Gel	Topical	85 L/100L
Gel	Topical	1085 mL/1550mL
Gel	Topical	56 mL/70mL
Liquid	Topical	112.5 mL/150mL
Liquid	Topical	150 mL/200mL
Liquid	Topical	187.5 mL/250mL
Liquid	Topical	37.5 mL/50mL
Liquid	Topical	45 mL/60mL
Liquid	Topical	52.5 mL/70mL
Liquid	Topical	56.25 mL/75mL
Liquid	Topical	60 mL/80mL
Liquid	Topical	90 mL/120mL
Solution	Topical	76.9 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	20.4 g/30mL
Cloth	Topical	0.54 1/1
Patch	Topical	0.75 L/1L
Spray	Topical
Spray	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Swab	Topical
Aerosol, foam	Topical	62.5 mL/100g
Solution	Topical	539.4 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	539.71 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	80.1 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.0166 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.2 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	73.1 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	157.5 mL/225mL
Gel	Topical	163.8 mL/234mL
Spray	Topical	70.5 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	665 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	62.5 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	80 L/100L
Solution	Topical	72.38 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	69 mg/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.62 1/1
Spray	Topical	44.8 g/56g
Spray	Topical	21.1 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	62.0 %
Liquid	Topical	78.5 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	65.76 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	65.67 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	45 mL/201
Gel	Topical	20.3 mL/29mL
Gel	Cutaneous; Topical	68 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	345 mL/500mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	69 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	312.5 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	62.0 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	94.635295 mL/118.294mL
Liquid	Topical	20 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Rinse	Oral
Liquid	Topical	610 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	50 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	95 %
Spray	Topical	0.67 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	275.63 g/436.63g
Liquid	Topical	15141.68 mL/18927.1mL
Gel	Topical	1.125 mL/1.5mL
Gel	Cutaneous	0.625 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	165.9 g/237mL
Liquid	Topical	210 mL/300mL
Liquid	Topical	0.64 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	69.9 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	0.719 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	56.07 1/56.071
Cloth	Topical	2.25 mL/1U
Kit	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Gel; kit	Topical	0.62 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	73.333 mL/100mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	0.67 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	75.0 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	124 g/200mL
Gel	Topical	70 1/701
Gel	Topical	1190.7 mL/1890mL
Gel	Topical	21.486 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	558.81 mL/887mL
Gel	Topical	9.45 mL/15mL
Spray	Topical	4.275 mL/7.5mL
Spray	Topical	6.3 mL/10.0mL
Spray	Topical	63 mL/1mL
Cloth	Cutaneous	0.7 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.659 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	72 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.659 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	620 mL/1L
Solution	Topical	74 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.659 mL/1mL
Lotion	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gas	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	67 L/67L
Gel	Topical	166 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	71.351 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	72 g/100mL
Cloth	Topical	1.75 mL/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	270 mL/501
Cloth	Extracorporeal	75 mL/501
Gel	Topical	66.2 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	650 mL/1L
Gel	Topical	6.2 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	60 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.72 mL/1mL
Cloth	Topical	1 g/1g
Cloth	Topical	597 mL/1601
Cloth	Topical	70.6 mg/100mg
Liquid	Topical	172.5 mL/230mL
Liquid	Topical	0.750 L/1L
Gel	Topical	0.700 L/1L
Cloth	Extracorporeal	67.5 mL/251
Cloth	Extracorporeal	2.35 mL/1
Solution	Topical	0.75 1/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	291.18 mL/801
Cloth	Extracorporeal	75 mL/1001
Cloth	Topical	0.7 mL/0.7mL
Cloth	Topical	0.75 mL/1g
Cloth	Topical	150 mL/1001
Cloth	Topical	26.25 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	75 1/1
Cloth	Topical	75 mg/100mL
Patch	Topical	0.75 U/1U
Gel	Topical	21 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	195 mL/300mL
Spray	Topical	210 g/300mL
Gel	Topical	800 mL/1000mL
Gel	Topical	850 mL/1000mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	45.5 mL/100mL
Gel; kit; paste, dentifrice	Dental; Topical
Spray	Topical	65 mL/65mL
Gel	Topical	70 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	756.8000 mL/946mL
Gel	Topical	12.5 mL/15mL
Gel	Topical	1.667 mL/2mL
Spray, metered	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Solution	Cutaneous	93.86 %
Spray	Topical	189 mL/236.588mL
Spray	Topical	700 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	1171.73 g/1889.89g
Gel	Topical	146.94 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	2343.46 g/3779.78g
Gel	Topical	1124.91 g/1814.37g
Gel	Topical	2249.82 g/3628.74g
Liquid	Topical	170.64 mL/237mL
Spray	Topical	119 g/170g
Gel	Topical	258.07 g/416.24g
Gel	Topical	12.4 g/20mL
Gel	Topical	0.55 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	140 mL/200mL
Cloth	Topical	0.6 g/1g
Cloth	Topical	0.6152 g/1g
Liquid	Dental	590 mL/1000mL
Spray	Topical	70 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	65 mL/100mL
Solution
Cloth	Topical	0.63 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	60 L/100L
Patch	Topical	75 g/100g
Patch	Topical	4.9 g/1
Gel	Topical	0.71 mL/1mL
Spray, suspension	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	75 L/100L
Cloth	Topical	75 mL/1001
Spray	Topical	62 mg/100mL
Spray	Topical	70 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/59g
Solution	Topical	70 L/100L
Gel	Topical	1 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	700 g/1L
Gel	Extracorporeal
Liquid	Topical	48 mL/60mL
Aerosol, foam	Topical	620 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	96 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	188 mL/251mL
Liquid	Topical	84 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	45 mL/60mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	90 mL/120mL
Gel	Topical	61.75 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	74.4 mL/120mL
Liquid	Topical	146.94 mL/237mL
Liquid	Topical	77 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	62.7 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	14 mL/20mL
Liquid	Topical	652.2 g/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	64 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	65 mm/100mL
Liquid	Topical	693 g/1000mL
Solution	Topical	61 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	350 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	17.78 mL/28mL
Spray	Topical	17.78 mL/28mL
Liquid	Topical	3500 mL/5000mL
Liquid	Topical	62 L/100L
Cloth	Topical	70 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	76 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	67.6 L/100L
Liquid	Topical	67.6 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	670 mg/1000mL
Gel	Topical	0.7 1/1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.7 1/1mL
Liquid	Topical	67.69 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	42 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	65.37 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.589 g/1mL
Liquid	Topical	162.5 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	325 mL/500mL
Cloth	Topical	0.8 1/1
Liquid	Topical	188.8 mL/236mL
Lotion	Topical	18.6 mL/30mL
Lotion	Topical	18 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	55.34 g/100mL
Swab	Topical	1.82 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	36000 cm2/48000cm2
Gel	Topical	0.65 mg/100mL
Solution	Topical	62.5 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	64 mL/100mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	180 mL/240mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	2850 mL/3800mL
Solution, gel forming, extended release	Topical	80 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.6 kg/1kg
Solution	Topical	80 L/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.8 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	85 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	85 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	89.5 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	3.024 L/3.78L
Solution	Topical	4 L/5L
Solution	Topical	400 mL/500mL
Liquid	Topical	94.635 mL/118.294mL
Aerosol	Topical
Liquid	Topical	850 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	75.6 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	756 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	720 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	756 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/100g
Liquid	Topical	70 g/100g
Gel	Topical	595 mL/850mL
Liquid	Topical	595 mL/850mL
Spray	Topical	83.33 mL/100mL
Solution	Topical	80 mL/80mL
Soap	Topical	650 mL/1L
Soap	Topical	600 mL/1L
Spray	Topical	62 mL/1mL
Soap	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	0.9 mL/1mL
Aerosol	Topical	90 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	378.4 mL/473mL
Gel	Topical	188.8 mL/236mL
Spray	Topical	0.70 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	338.82 L/1L
Solution	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.64 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	38.35 mL/59mL
Spray	Topical	38.35 mL/59mL
Liquid	Topical	65 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	80.4 mL/120mL
Gel	Topical	0.62 mL/0.9mL
Lotion; swab	Topical
Gel	Topical	70 %
Liquid	Topical	70 mg/100mL
Cloth	Topical	69 mL/1000mL
Liquid	Topical	600 mL/750mL
Gel	Topical	320 g/500mL
Cloth	Topical	0.7 g/1
Gel	Topical	1.05 mL/1.5mL
Gel	Topical	59 g/100mL
Cloth	Topical	70 mg/100mg
Elixir	Oral
Gel	Topical	.7 L/1L
Liquid	Topical	30 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	350 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	22.5 mL/30mL
Kit	Topical	75 g/100mL
Spray	Topical	44.25 mL/150mL
Liquid	Topical	0.72 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	.70 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	60 %
Solution	Topical	.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	77.682 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	0.67 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	64.6 g/100mL
Cloth	Topical	177.35 mL/401
Cloth	Topical	3.93 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	49.85 mL/101
Spray	Topical	74 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	250 mL/295mL
Cloth	Topical	7 mL/10mL
Cloth	Topical	70 1/1001
Lotion	Topical	.7 mL/1mL
Solution	Topical	0.61 g/1g
Gel	Topical	63 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	68.77 kg/100kg
Gel	Topical	62.46 kg/100kg
Soap	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	186 mL/300mL
Gel	Topical	37.2 mL/60mL
Gel	Topical	62 g/29mL
Gel	Topical	70 mL/473.6mL
Liquid	Topical	3027 mL/3783mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal; Topical	75 1/1001
Gel	Topical	0.75 L/1L
Solution	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Kit; spray	Topical	69 mL/100mL
Kit; spray	Topical	70 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	3028.32 mL/3785.41mL
Solution	Topical	0.7 g/1g
Liquid	Topical	19000 kg/20000kg
Liquid	Topical	72.5 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	72.5 mL/100mL
Cloth; kit; paste, dentifrice	Dental; Topical
Gel	Topical	606.2 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	3.627 g/1001
Liquid	Topical	700 mL/1000mL
Swab	Topical	0.7 mL/1mL
Gel; kit	Topical	67 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.8 mL/0.8mL
Cloth	Topical	40 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	90 mL/601
Liquid, extended release	Topical	54.7 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	49 mL/70mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	187.5 mL/250mL
Liquid	Extracorporeal	37.5 mL/50mL
Gel	Topical	166 mL/237mL
Gel	Topical	2.1 mL/3mL
Gel	Topical	0.662 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	33.25 g/50g
Spray	Topical	66.50 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.75 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	640 mg/1mL
Cloth	Topical	72 mg/100mg
Liquid	Topical
Liquid	Topical	3.024 L/3.78L
Gel	Topical	69.4 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	80.1203 L/100L
Gel	Topical	146.32 mL/236mL
Gel	Topical	215.14 mL/347mL
Gel	Topical	496 mL/800mL
Gel	Topical	618.1 mL/947mL
Gel	Topical	74.40 mL/120mL
Lotion	Topical	154 mL/236mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	177 mL/236mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	363.75 mL/485mL
Cloth	Extracorporeal	270 cm2/360cm2
Gel	Topical	0.65 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	195 g/314g
Gel	Topical	75 mL/1mL
Spray	Topical	69.99 mL/100mL
Lotion	Topical	540.7 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	80 1/100mL
Solution	Topical	73.7 L/100L
Spray	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	2835 mL/3780mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	3750 mL/5000mL
Spray	Extracorporeal	44.25 mL/59mL
Spray	Extracorporeal	7.5 mL/10mL
Gel	Topical	64.8 mL/100mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	1125 mL/1500mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	270 mL/450mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	3000 mL/4000mL
Gel	Extracorporeal	360 mL/480mL
Liquid	Topical	63 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	62 g/100mL
Gas	Topical	62 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	.65 mL/100L
Cloth	Topical	.80 1/1
Cloth	Topical	0.701 kg/1kg
Gel	Topical	72 mL/1000mL
Solution	Topical	75 mL/1001
Gel	Topical	58.36 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	59.7 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	145.9 g/250mL
Gel	Topical	1.24 mL/2mL
Liquid	Topical	63.2 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	62.044 mL/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	63.2 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.7 1/1
Cloth	Extracorporeal	20 mL/501
Cloth	Topical	75 g/100mL
Swab	Topical	0.13 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	62 g/100g
Swab	Topical	18 g/100g
Swab	Topical	80 g/100g
Gel	Topical	644.8 L/1041L
Spray	Topical	689 L/1041L
Soap	Topical	770 L/1041L
Gel	Topical	686.4 L/1041L
Spray, suspension	Topical	650 mL/1L
Soap	Topical	620 mL/1L
Solution	Topical	0.8 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	74.18 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	18 mL/30mL
Liquid	Topical	0.7 mL/100mL
Liquid	Topical	75 1/100mL
Dressing	Topical	75 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	1 mL/1
Cloth	Topical	34.9 g/100g
Cloth	Topical	73 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	1.3 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	70.4 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	64.59 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	415 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	180 mL/250mL
Gel	Topical	2725 mL/3785mL
Gel	Topical	360 mL/500mL
Gel	Topical	540 mL/750mL
Liquid	Topical	540 mL/750mL
Gel	Topical	21.6 mL/30mL
Syrup	Oral
Gel	Cutaneous	165.6116 mL/236.588mL
Gel	Cutaneous	2649.787 mL/3785.41mL
Gel	Cutaneous	331.2232 mL/473.176mL
Gel	Cutaneous	41.40297 mL/59.1471mL
Lotion	Topical	68 mL/100mL
Cloth	Topical	67 g/100g
Lotion	Topical	60.1 L/100L
Solution	Topical	70 L/100mL
Spray	Topical	126 mL/168mL
Spray	Topical	175 mL/250mL
Spray	Topical	84 mL/120mL
Cloth	Topical	70 mL/1001
Gel	Topical	146 g/236g
Liquid	Topical	37 g/60g
Spray	Topical	189 mL/236mL
Liquid	Topical	80 L/100L
Cloth	Topical	122.4 g/501
Gel	Topical	20.4 g/30mL
Liquid	Topical	225 mL/300mL
Liquid	Topical	375 mL/500mL
Cloth	Topical	0.75 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	94 mL/100mL
Spray	Topical	62 g/100mL
Liquid	Topical	67.63 %
Liquid	Topical	66 mL/100mL
Swab	Topical	70 mL/1
Liquid	Topical	6 mL/10mL
Cloth	Topical	60 g/100g
Spray	Topical	28 mL/40mL
Liquid	Topical	28 mL/40mL
Gel	Topical	79 mL/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.6 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	94.4 mL/118mL
Liquid	Topical	70 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.63 mL/1mL
Gel	Topical	44.9 mL/59.1mL
Liquid	Topical	0.76 mL/1mL
Liquid	Topical	760 mL/1000mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	224 g/400g
Gel	Topical	143 g/238g
Cloth	Topical	80 g/100g
Solution		70 ml/100ml
Solution		73.7 ml/100ml
Gel		68 %w/w
Solution	Topical	73.7 ml/100ml

Prices

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Ethanol 98% ampul	7.8USD	ml
Alcohol, dehydrated 98% amp	4.68USD	ml
Alcohol, denatured	0.02USD	ml

DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US6036976	No	2000-03-14	2016-12-13
US7081246	No	2006-07-25	2016-08-03
US5897031	No	1999-04-27	2016-06-21

Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	-114.1 °C	PhysProp
boiling point (°C)	78.2 °C	PhysProp
water solubility	1E+006 mg/L (at 25 °C)	RIDDICK,JA ET AL. (1986)
logP	-0.31	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
pKa	15.9 (at 25 °C)	RIDDICK,JA ET AL. (1986)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	579.0 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-0.4	ALOGPS
logP	-0.16	Chemaxon
logS	1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	16.47	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.2	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	20.23 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	13.01 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.3 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Property	Value	Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption	+	0.9948
Blood Brain Barrier	+	0.9539
Caco-2 permeable	+	0.726
P-glycoprotein substrate	Non-substrate	0.8197
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I	Non-inhibitor	0.9678
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II	Non-inhibitor	0.9542
Renal organic cation transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9157
CYP450 2C9 substrate	Non-substrate	0.7857
CYP450 2D6 substrate	Non-substrate	0.9266
CYP450 3A4 substrate	Non-substrate	0.8073
CYP450 1A2 substrate	Non-inhibitor	0.726
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9346
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9702
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9296
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9772
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9163
Ames test	Non AMES toxic	0.9132
Carcinogenicity	Carcinogens	0.7654
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.9074
Rat acute toxicity	1.3676 LD50, mol/kg	Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)	Weak inhibitor	0.9319
hERG inhibition (predictor II)	Non-inhibitor	0.9586

ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Download (2.96 KB)

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	splash10-002b-9000000000-7fa80a491183c1cdd23e
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B	GC-MS	splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	MS	splash10-003s-9000000000-dabf5a61c5a7da9fbe13
MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI RMU-7M) , Positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-001j-9000000000-a705823ce4aeba7f89e1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-002b-9000000000-4de7f9af382dd2c9abb0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-079cd565b362bfd52608
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-004j-9000000000-61f49a7615418bf57c6f
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-079cd565b362bfd52608
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-004j-9000000000-cdd33b50515c34434152
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	splash10-0002-9000000000-d8104430d63be5eb258e
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable
[1H,1H] 2D NMR Spectrum	2D NMR	Not Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	2D NMR	Not Applicable

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Adduct	CCS Value (Å²)	Source type	Source
[M-H]-	115.96643	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+	117.86183	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+	125.56641	predicted	DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750, PubMed:29950725, PubMed:30602789). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:29950725, PubMed:30602789). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:29950725, PubMed:30602789). Alpha-1/GABRA1-containing GABAARs are largely synaptic (By similarity). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity). GABAARs containing alpha-1 and beta-2 or -3 subunits exhibit synaptogenic activity; the gamma-2 subunit being necessary but not sufficient to induce rapid synaptic contacts formation (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750). GABAARs function also as histamine receptor where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits and potentiates GABA response (By similarity). GABAARs containing alpha, beta and epsilon subunits also permit spontaneous chloride channel activity while preserving the structural information required for GABA-gated openings (By similarity). Alpha-1-mediated plasticity in the orbitofrontal cortex regulates context-dependent action selection (By similarity). Together with rho subunits, may also control neuronal and glial GABAergic transmission in the cerebellum (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRA1
Uniprot ID: P14867
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight: 51801.395 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Earl DE, Tietz EI: Inhibition of recombinant L-type voltage-gated calcium channels by positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Apr;337(1):301-11. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.178244. Epub 2011 Jan 24. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details2. Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. During the development of neural circuits, plays a role in the synaptic refinement period, restricting spine maturation and growth. By competing with GIT1 interaction with ARHGEF7/beta-PIX, may reduce GIT1/ARHGEF7-regulated local activation of RAC1, hence affecting signaling and limiting the maturation and growth of inactive synapses. May also play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism
Specific Function: calcium channel activity
Gene Name: GRIN3A
Uniprot ID: Q8TCU5
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A
Molecular Weight: 125464.07 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Wang J, Lanfranco MF, Gibb SL, Ron D: Ethanol-mediated long-lasting adaptations of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the dorsomedial striatum. Channels (Austin). 2011 May-Jun;5(3):205-9. Epub 2011 May 1. [Article]
Ron D, Wang J: The NMDA Receptor and Alcohol Addiction . [Article]
Williams K: Extracellular Modulation of NMDA Receptors . [Article]
Xu M, Smothers CT, Woodward JJ: Effects of ethanol on phosphorylation site mutants of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Alcohol. 2011 Jun;45(4):373-80. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.015. Epub 2010 Dec 15. [Article]

Details3. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels (PubMed:23994010, PubMed:25730860). Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine (PubMed:14551753, PubMed:16144831, PubMed:2155780, PubMed:22715885, PubMed:22973015, PubMed:25973519, PubMed:7920629, PubMed:9009272). Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine (PubMed:16144831, PubMed:9009272). Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels are activated by lower glycine levels and display faster desensitization (PubMed:14551753). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (PubMed:8298642, PubMed:9009272). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (PubMed:25445488). Channel activity is potentiated by ethanol (PubMed:25973519). Potentiation of channel activity by intoxicating levels of ethanol contribute to the sedative effects of ethanol (By similarity)
Specific Function: extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity
Gene Name: GLRA1
Uniprot ID: P23415
Uniprot Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
Molecular Weight: 52623.35 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Fuentealba J, Munoz B, Yevenes G, Moraga-Cid G, Perez C, Guzman L, Rigo JM, Aguayo LG: Potentiation and inhibition of glycine receptors by tutin. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Feb-Mar;60(2-3):453-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.023. Epub 2010 Oct 31. [Article]
Baenziger JE, Corringer PJ: 3D structure and allosteric modulation of the transmembrane domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Jan;60(1):116-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.08.007. Epub 2010 Aug 14. [Article]
Ye Q, Koltchine VV, Mihic SJ, Mascia MP, Wick MJ, Finn SE, Harrison NL, Harris RA: Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol is inversely correlated with molecular volume at position alpha267. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3314-9. [Article]

Details4. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Agonist

General Function: Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine (PubMed:15302677, PubMed:16144831, PubMed:2155780, PubMed:23895467, PubMed:25445488, PubMed:26370147, PubMed:34473954). Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine (PubMed:15302677). Plays a role in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and is involved in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (PubMed:25445488). Plays a role in cellular responses to ethanol (PubMed:23895467)
Specific Function: extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity
Gene Name: GLRA2
Uniprot ID: P23416
Uniprot Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2
Molecular Weight: 52001.585 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
Ye Q, Koltchine VV, Mihic SJ, Mascia MP, Wick MJ, Finn SE, Harrison NL, Harris RA: Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol is inversely correlated with molecular volume at position alpha267. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3314-9. [Article]
Baenziger JE, Corringer PJ: 3D structure and allosteric modulation of the transmembrane domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Jan;60(1):116-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.08.007. Epub 2010 Aug 14. [Article]

Details5. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Regulatory subunit of L-type calcium channels (PubMed:1309651, PubMed:15615847, PubMed:8107964). Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1A as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit and increases the presence of the channel complex at the cell membrane (PubMed:15615847). Required for functional expression L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1D as pore-forming subunit (PubMed:1309651). Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1B as pore-forming subunit (PubMed:8107964)
Specific Function: high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Gene Name: CACNB1
Uniprot ID: Q02641
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1
Molecular Weight: 65712.995 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details6. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Forms serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT3)-activated cation-selective channel complexes, which when activated cause fast, depolarizing responses in neurons
Specific Function: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Gene Name: HTR3A
Uniprot ID: P46098
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
Molecular Weight: 55279.835 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:10449790, PubMed:29961870, PubMed:31032849). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10449790). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity). The alpha-2 subunit exhibits synaptogenic activity together with beta-2 and very little to no activity together with beta-3, the gamma-2 subunit being necessary but not sufficient to induce rapid synaptic contacts formation (By similarity)
Specific Function: benzodiazepine receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRA2
Uniprot ID: P47869
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
Molecular Weight: 51325.85 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details8. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic receptor with a probable role in the modulation of auditory stimuli. Agonist binding may induce an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The channel is permeable to a range of divalent cations including calcium, the influx of which may activate a potassium current which hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. In the ear, this may lead to a reduction in basilar membrane motion, altering the activity of auditory nerve fibers and reducing the range of dynamic hearing. This may protect against acoustic trauma
Specific Function: acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity
Gene Name: CHRNA10
Uniprot ID: Q9GZZ6
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10
Molecular Weight: 49704.295 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details9. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:11741969, PubMed:12176756, PubMed:12181424, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:17071743, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037, PubMed:7737988, PubMed:8099908, PubMed:8392192, PubMed:9013606, PubMed:9087614, PubMed:9607315). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable)
Specific Function: alpha-actinin binding
Gene Name: CACNA1C
Uniprot ID: Q13936
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
Molecular Weight: 248974.1 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details10. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:14993607, PubMed:29961870, PubMed:30140029, PubMed:31056671). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:30140029). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:14993607, PubMed:30140029). GABAARs containing alpha-5/GABRA5 subunits are mainly extrasynaptic and contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus (By similarity). Extrasynaptic alpha-5-containing GABAARs in CA1 pyramidal neurons play a role in learning and memory processes (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA receptor binding
Gene Name: GABRA5
Uniprot ID: P31644
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
Molecular Weight: 52145.645 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:35355020). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:35355020). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:35355020). GABAARs containing alpha-4 are predominantly extrasynaptic, contributing to tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells and thalamic relay neurons (By similarity). Extrasynaptic alpha-4-containing GABAARs control levels of excitability and network activity (By similarity). GABAAR containing alpha-4-beta-3-delta subunits can simultaneously bind GABA and histamine where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits, which may be involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (PubMed:35355020)
Specific Function: benzodiazepine receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRA4
Uniprot ID: P48169
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
Molecular Weight: 61622.645 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details12. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:29053855). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:29053855). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:29053855)
Specific Function: benzodiazepine receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRA3
Uniprot ID: P34903
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
Molecular Weight: 55164.055 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details13. Glutamate receptor 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), quisqualic acid, and kainic acid (PubMed:1311100, PubMed:20805473, PubMed:21172611, PubMed:28628100, PubMed:35675825). L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of monovalent and divalent cations such as sodium and calcium. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters in a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity). In the presence of CACNG2 or CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate (PubMed:21172611). Resensitization is blocked by CNIH2 through interaction with CACNG8 in the CACNG8-containing AMPA receptors complex (PubMed:21172611). Calcium (Ca(2+)) permeability depends on subunits composition and, heteromeric channels containing edited GRIA2 subunit are calcium-impermeable. Also permeable to other divalents cations such as strontium(2+) and magnesium(2+) and monovalent cations such as potassium(1+) and lithium(1+) (By similarity)
Specific Function: adenylate cyclase binding
Gene Name: GRIA1
Uniprot ID: P42261
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 1
Molecular Weight: 101505.245 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details14. Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Regulatory subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Regulates channel inactivation kinetics
Specific Function: calcium channel regulator activity
Gene Name: CACNG1
Uniprot ID: Q06432
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit
Molecular Weight: 25028.105 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details15. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine receptor activity
Gene Name: CHRNA2
Uniprot ID: Q15822
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2
Molecular Weight: 59764.82 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details16. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Alpha subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:8632757). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (By similarity). Alpha-6/GABRA6 subunits are found at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites (PubMed:8632757). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity). Extrasynaptic alpha-6-containing receptors contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition. Alpha-6 subunits are also present on glutamatergic synapses (By similarity)
Specific Function: benzodiazepine receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRA6
Uniprot ID: Q16445
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
Molecular Weight: 51023.69 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details17. Glutamate receptor 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), quisqualic acid, and kainic acid (PubMed:20614889, PubMed:31300657, PubMed:8003671). L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission (PubMed:14687553). Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of monovalent and divalent cations such as sodium and calcium (PubMed:20614889, PubMed:8003671). The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters in a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity). In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate (By similarity). Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIP1 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity)
Specific Function: AMPA glutamate receptor activity
Gene Name: GRIA2
Uniprot ID: P42262
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 2
Molecular Weight: 98820.32 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details18. Glutamate receptor 4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), quisqualic acid, and kainic acid (By similarity). L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of monovalent and divalent cations such as sodium and calcium. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (By similarity). In the presence of CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of L-glutamate (PubMed:21172611)
Specific Function: AMPA glutamate receptor activity
Gene Name: GRIA4
Uniprot ID: P48058
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 4
Molecular Weight: 100870.085 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details19. Glutamate receptor 3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic glutamate receptor that functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), quisqualic acid, and kainic acid (By similarity). L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission by inducing long-term potentiation (By similarity). Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse upon entry of calcium (PubMed:17989220). The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (PubMed:17989220). In the presence of CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate (PubMed:21172611)
Specific Function: AMPA glutamate receptor activity
Gene Name: GRIA3
Uniprot ID: P42263
Uniprot Name: Glutamate receptor 3
Molecular Weight: 101155.975 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details20. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: CHRNA4
Uniprot ID: P43681
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
Molecular Weight: 69956.47 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details21. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: CHRNB2
Uniprot ID: P17787
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2
Molecular Weight: 57018.575 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details22. G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. This receptor plays a crucial role in regulating the heartbeat
Specific Function: G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Gene Name: KCNJ3
Uniprot ID: P48549
Uniprot Name: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1
Molecular Weight: 56602.84 Da

References

Spanagel R: Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev. 2009 Apr;89(2):649-705. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2008. [Article]
Bodhinathan K, Slesinger PA: Molecular mechanism underlying ethanol activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 5;110(45):18309-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311406110. Epub 2013 Oct 21. [Article]

Details23. G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: This potassium channel may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by glucose and/or neurotransmitters acting through G-protein-coupled receptors. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium
Specific Function: G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Gene Name: KCNJ6
Uniprot ID: P48051
Uniprot Name: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2
Molecular Weight: 48450.96 Da

References

Spanagel R: Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev. 2009 Apr;89(2):649-705. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2008. [Article]
Bodhinathan K, Slesinger PA: Molecular mechanism underlying ethanol activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 5;110(45):18309-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311406110. Epub 2013 Oct 21. [Article]

Details24. Vascular cell adhesion protein 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Cell adhesion glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that plays an important role in immune surveillance and inflammation (PubMed:31310649). Acts as a major regulator of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium through interaction with different types of integrins (PubMed:10209034). During inflammatory responses, binds ligands on the surface of activated endothelial cells to initiate the activation of calcium channels and the plasma membrane-associated small GTPase RAC1 leading to leukocyte transendothelial migration (PubMed:22970700). Serves also as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing a 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I presentation (PubMed:35210567)
Specific Function: cell adhesion mediator activity
Gene Name: VCAM1
Uniprot ID: P19320
Uniprot Name: Vascular cell adhesion protein 1
Molecular Weight: 81275.43 Da

References

Arevalo E, Shanmugasundararaj S, Wilkemeyer MF, Dou X, Chen S, Charness ME, Miller KW: An alcohol binding site on the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 8;105(1):371-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707815105. Epub 2007 Dec 28. [Article]

Details25. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Uniporter involved in the facilitative transport of nucleosides and nucleobases, and contributes to maintaining their cellular homeostasis (PubMed:10722669, PubMed:10755314, PubMed:12527552, PubMed:14759222, PubMed:15037197, PubMed:17379602, PubMed:21795683, PubMed:26406980, PubMed:27995448, PubMed:35790189, PubMed:8986748). Functions as a Na(+)-independent transporter (PubMed:8986748). Involved in the transport of nucleosides such as adenosine, guanosine, inosine, uridine, thymidine and cytidine (PubMed:10722669, PubMed:10755314, PubMed:12527552, PubMed:14759222, PubMed:15037197, PubMed:17379602, PubMed:26406980, PubMed:8986748). Also transports purine nucleobases (hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine nucleobases (thymine, uracil) (PubMed:21795683, PubMed:27995448). Mediates basolateral nucleoside uptake into Sertoli cells, thereby regulating the transport of nucleosides in testis across the blood-testis barrier (By similarity). Regulates inosine levels in brown adipocytes tissues (BAT) and extracellular inosine levels, which controls BAT-dependent energy expenditure (PubMed:35790189)
Specific Function: adenine transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name: SLC29A1
Uniprot ID: Q99808
Uniprot Name: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1
Molecular Weight: 50218.805 Da

References

Allen-Gipson DS, Jarrell JC, Bailey KL, Robinson JE, Kharbanda KK, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA: Ethanol blocks adenosine uptake via inhibiting the nucleoside transport system in bronchial epithelial cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 May;33(5):791-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00897.x. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details26. G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium
Specific Function: G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Gene Name: KCNJ5
Uniprot ID: P48544
Uniprot Name: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
Molecular Weight: 47667.3 Da

References

Spanagel R: Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev. 2009 Apr;89(2):649-705. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2008. [Article]
Bodhinathan K, Slesinger PA: Molecular mechanism underlying ethanol activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 5;110(45):18309-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311406110. Epub 2013 Oct 21. [Article]

Details27. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The channel is blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: CHRNA7
Uniprot ID: P36544
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7
Molecular Weight: 56448.925 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details28. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ionotropic receptor with a probable role in the modulation of auditory stimuli. Agonist binding induces a conformation change that leads to the opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane (PubMed:11752216, PubMed:25282151). The channel is permeable to a range of divalent cations including calcium, the influx of which may activate a potassium current which hyperpolarizes the cell membrane (PubMed:11752216, PubMed:25282151). In the ear, this may lead to a reduction in basilar membrane motion, altering the activity of auditory nerve fibers and reducing the range of dynamic hearing. This may protect against acoustic trauma. May also regulate keratinocyte adhesion (PubMed:11021840)
Specific Function: acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity
Gene Name: CHRNA9
Uniprot ID: Q9UGM1
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9
Molecular Weight: 54806.63 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details29. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Beta subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:10449790, PubMed:16412217, PubMed:26950270). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain one or two GABA active binding sites located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces, depending on subunit composition (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10449790, PubMed:16412217, PubMed:26950270). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:26950270). Beta-containing GABAARs can simultaneously bind GABA and histamine where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits, which may be involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (By similarity)
Specific Function: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential
Gene Name: GABRB1
Uniprot ID: P18505
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
Molecular Weight: 54234.085 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details30. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Beta subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:14993607, PubMed:18514161, PubMed:22243422, PubMed:22303015, PubMed:24909990, PubMed:26950270, PubMed:30602789). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:24909990, PubMed:30140029, PubMed:30602789). GABAARs containing beta-3/GABRB3 subunit are found at both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:14993607, PubMed:22303015, PubMed:26950270, PubMed:30602789). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (PubMed:22303015, PubMed:26950270). GABAARs containing alpha-1 and beta-3 subunits exhibit synaptogenic activity; the gamma-2 subunit being necessary but not sufficient to induce rapid synaptic contacts formation (PubMed:25489750). Extrasynaptic beta-3 receptors contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition (By similarity). GABAARs containing alpha-1, beta-3 and epsilon subunits may also permit spontaneous chloride channel activity while preserving the structural information required for GABA-gated openings (By similarity). Beta-containing GABAARs can simultaneously bind GABA and histamine where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits, which may be involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (PubMed:18281286, PubMed:24909990, PubMed:35355020). Plays an important role in somatosensation and in the production of antinociception (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRB3
Uniprot ID: P28472
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3
Molecular Weight: 54115.04 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details31. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Beta subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:19763268, PubMed:27789573, PubMed:29950725, PubMed:8264558). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:29950725). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (By similarity). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity). GABAARs containing alpha-1 and beta-2 or -3 subunits exhibit synaptogenic activity; the gamma-2 subunit being necessary but not sufficient to induce rapid synaptic contacts formation (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750). Extrasynaptic beta-2 receptors contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition (By similarity). Beta-containing GABAARs can simultaneously bind GABA and histamine where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits, which may be involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (By similarity)
Specific Function: chloride channel activity
Gene Name: GABRB2
Uniprot ID: P47870
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2
Molecular Weight: 59149.895 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details32. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Pore-forming, alpha-1S subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle via their interaction with RYR1, which triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ultimately results in muscle contraction. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group
Specific Function: calmodulin binding
Gene Name: CACNA1S
Uniprot ID: Q13698
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S
Molecular Weight: 212348.1 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details33. Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines
Specific Function: alpha-actinin binding
Gene Name: CACNA1D
Uniprot ID: Q01668
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
Molecular Weight: 245138.75 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details34. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine receptor activity
Gene Name: CHRNB4
Uniprot ID: P30926
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4
Molecular Weight: 56378.985 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details35. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: CHRNA3
Uniprot ID: P32297
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3
Molecular Weight: 57479.54 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details36. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine receptor activity
Gene Name: CHRNA5
Uniprot ID: P30532
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5
Molecular Weight: 53053.965 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details37. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine receptor activity
Gene Name: CHRNA6
Uniprot ID: Q15825
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6
Molecular Weight: 56897.745 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details38. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: CHRNB3
Uniprot ID: Q05901
Uniprot Name: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3
Molecular Weight: 52728.215 Da

References

Hendrickson LM, Guildford MJ, Tapper AR: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: common molecular substrates of nicotine and alcohol dependence. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Apr 30;4:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00029. eCollection 2013. [Article]
Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details39. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Gamma subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:10449790). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10449790). Chloride influx into the postsynaptic neuron following GABAAR opening decreases the neuron ability to generate a new action potential, thereby reducing nerve transmission (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA receptor binding
Gene Name: GABRG1
Uniprot ID: Q8N1C3
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
Molecular Weight: 53594.49 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details40. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Gamma subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (By similarity). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRG3
Uniprot ID: Q99928
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
Molecular Weight: 54288.16 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details41. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Epsilon subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:9882711). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (By similarity). GABAARs containing epsilon subunits also permit spontaneous chloride channel activity while preserving the structural information required for GABA-gated openings (PubMed:16412217, PubMed:9882711). GABARs containing epsilon subunit may regulate cardiac function (Probable)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRE
Uniprot ID: P78334
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon
Molecular Weight: 57971.175 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details42. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Pi subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PubMed:10462548). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10462548). Pi-containing GABAARs are mostly located in peripheral tissues. In the uterus, pi subunits modulate uterus contraction by altering the sensitivity of GABAARs to pregnanolone (PubMed:9182563). In the lungs, pi-containing GABAARs contribute to pulmonary fluid transport via luminal secretion of chloride (By similarity)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRP
Uniprot ID: O00591
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi
Molecular Weight: 50639.735 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details43. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Theta subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:10449790, PubMed:16412217). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interfaces (By similarity). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10449790, PubMed:16412217)
Specific Function: GABA-A receptor activity
Gene Name: GABRQ
Uniprot ID: Q9UN88
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta
Molecular Weight: 71986.855 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details44. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Delta subunit of the heteropentameric ligand-gated chloride channel gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:35355020). GABA-gated chloride channels, also named GABA(A) receptors (GABAAR), consist of five subunits arranged around a central pore and contain GABA active binding site(s) located at the alpha and beta subunit interface(s) (PubMed:35355020). When activated by GABA, GABAARs selectively allow the flow of chloride anions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:35355020). GABAARs containing delta/GABRD subunits are predominantly located in extrasynaptic or perisynaptic positions on hippocampus and cerebellar granule cells, and contribute to the tonic GABAergic inhibition (By similarity). GABAAR containing alpha-4-beta-3-delta subunits can simultaneously bind GABA and histamine where histamine binds at the interface of two neighboring beta subunits, which may be involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (PubMed:35355020)
Specific Function: chloride channel activity
Gene Name: GABRD
Uniprot ID: O14764
Uniprot Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
Molecular Weight: 50707.835 Da

References

Santhakumar V, Wallner M, Otis TS: Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):211-21. [Article]
Davies M: The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003 Jul;28(4):263-74. [Article]

Details45. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Bidirectional uniporter involved in the facilitative transport of nucleosides and nucleobases, and contributes to maintaining their cellular homeostasis (PubMed:10722669, PubMed:12527552, PubMed:12590919, PubMed:16214850, PubMed:21795683, PubMed:9396714, PubMed:9478986). Functions as a Na(+)-independent, passive transporter (PubMed:9478986). Involved in the transport of nucleosides such as inosine, adenosine, uridine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine (PubMed:10722669, PubMed:12527552, PubMed:12590919, PubMed:16214850, PubMed:21795683, PubMed:9396714, PubMed:9478986). Also able to transport purine nucleobases (hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine nucleobases (thymine, uracil) (PubMed:16214850, PubMed:21795683). Involved in nucleoside transport at basolateral membrane of kidney cells, allowing liver absorption of nucleoside metabolites (PubMed:12527552). Mediates apical nucleoside uptake into Sertoli cells, thereby regulating the transport of nucleosides in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:23639800). Mediates both the influx and efflux of hypoxanthine in skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells to control the amount of intracellular hypoxanthine available for xanthine oxidase-mediated ROS production (By similarity)
Specific Function: adenine transmembrane transporter activity
Gene Name: SLC29A2
Uniprot ID: Q14542
Uniprot Name: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2
Molecular Weight: 50112.335 Da

References

Allen-Gipson DS, Jarrell JC, Bailey KL, Robinson JE, Kharbanda KK, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA: Ethanol blocks adenosine uptake via inhibiting the nucleoside transport system in bronchial epithelial cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 May;33(5):791-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00897.x. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details46. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Forms serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT3)-activated cation-selective channel complexes, which when activated cause fast, depolarizing responses in neurons
Specific Function: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Gene Name: HTR3E
Uniprot ID: A5X5Y0
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E
Molecular Weight: 51437.415 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details47. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Forms serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT3)-activated cation-selective channel complexes, which when activated cause fast, depolarizing responses in neurons
Specific Function: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Gene Name: HTR3B
Uniprot ID: O95264
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B
Molecular Weight: 50291.3 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details48. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Forms serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT3)-activated cation-selective channel complexes, which when activated cause fast, depolarizing responses in neurons
Specific Function: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Gene Name: HTR3D
Uniprot ID: Q70Z44
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D
Molecular Weight: 50190.625 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details49. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Forms serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HT3)-activated cation-selective channel complexes, which when activated cause fast, depolarizing responses in neurons
Specific Function: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity
Gene Name: HTR3C
Uniprot ID: Q8WXA8
Uniprot Name: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C
Molecular Weight: 50219.07 Da

References

Dopico AM, Lovinger DM: Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Mar;61(1):98-114. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.000430. Epub 2009 Mar 6. [Article]

Details50. Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state
Specific Function: channel regulator activity
Gene Name: CACNG2
Uniprot ID: Q9Y698
Uniprot Name: Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit
Molecular Weight: 35965.44 Da

References

Hendricson AW, Thomas MP, Lippmann MJ, Morrisett RA: Suppression of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent synaptic plasticity by ethanol: analysis of miniature synaptic currents and dendritic calcium transients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Nov;307(2):550-8. Epub 2003 Sep 11. [Article]

Details51. G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium (By similarity)
Specific Function: G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity
Gene Name: KCNJ9
Uniprot ID: Q92806
Uniprot Name: G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 3
Molecular Weight: 44019.45 Da

References

Spanagel R: Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev. 2009 Apr;89(2):649-705. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2008. [Article]
Bodhinathan K, Slesinger PA: Molecular mechanism underlying ethanol activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 5;110(45):18309-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311406110. Epub 2013 Oct 21. [Article]

Details52. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Neural cell adhesion molecule involved in the dynamics of cell adhesion and in the generation of transmembrane signals at tyrosine kinase receptors. During brain development, critical in multiple processes, including neuronal migration, axonal growth and fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. In the mature brain, plays a role in the dynamics of neuronal structure and function, including synaptic plasticity
Specific Function: axon guidance receptor activity
Gene Name: L1CAM
Uniprot ID: P32004
Uniprot Name: Neural cell adhesion molecule L1
Molecular Weight: 140001.87 Da

References

Arevalo E, Shanmugasundararaj S, Wilkemeyer MF, Dou X, Chen S, Charness ME, Miller KW: An alcohol binding site on the neural cell adhesion molecule L1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 8;105(1):371-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707815105. Epub 2007 Dec 28. [Article]

Details53. Acetylcholinesterase

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Activator

General Function: Hydrolyzes rapidly the acetylcholine neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft allowing to terminate the signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction. Role in neuronal apoptosis
Specific Function: acetylcholine binding
Gene Name: ACHE
Uniprot ID: P22303
Uniprot Name: Acetylcholinesterase
Molecular Weight: 67795.525 Da

References

Harrison PK, Connor M, Kelly E: Chronic ethanol promotes the neuronal differentiation of NG108-15 cells independently of toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;3(4):307-19. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(97)00023-9. [Article]

Details54. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: No
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol, alcohol, and omega-hydroxy fatty acids and their derivatives (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). Oxidizes preferentially all trans-retinol, all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol, 9-cis-retinol, 2-hexenol, and long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids such as juniperic acid (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). In vitro can also catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and aldehydes and their derivatives (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). Reduces preferentially all trans-retinal, all-trans-4-oxoretinal and hexanal (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). Therefore may participate in retinoid metabolism, fatty acid omega-oxidation, and elimination of cytotoxic aldehydes produced by lipid peroxidation (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH7
Uniprot ID: P40394
Uniprot Name: All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7
Molecular Weight: 41480.985 Da

References

Piccioni A, Tarli C, Cardone S, Brigida M, D'Addio S, Covino M, Zanza C, Merra G, Ojetti V, Gasbarrini A, Addolorato G, Franceschi F: Role of first aid in the management of acute alcohol intoxication: a narrative review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Sep;24(17):9121-9128. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_22859. [Article]

Enzymes

Details1. Cytochrome P450 1A1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15041462, PubMed:15805301, PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15041462, PubMed:15805301, PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C15-alpha and C16-alpha positions (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15805301). Displays different regioselectivities for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) hydroxylation (PubMed:15041462, PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of certain PUFA (PubMed:15041462, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Converts arachidonic acid toward epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) regioisomers, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET, that function as lipid mediators in the vascular system (PubMed:20972997). Displays an absolute stereoselectivity in the epoxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) producing the 17(R),18(S) enantiomer (PubMed:15041462). May play an important role in all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in extrahepatic tissues. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent) (PubMed:21068195)
Specific Function: arachidonic acid monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP1A1
Uniprot ID: P04798
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 1A1
Molecular Weight: 58164.815 Da

References

Busby WF Jr, Ackermann JM, Crespi CL: Effect of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile on in vitro activities of cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Feb;27(2):246-9. [Article]

Details2. Cytochrome P450 1A2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Curator comments: Data supporting this enzyme action are limited to in vitro studies.

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in the liver. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Primarily catalyzes stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), displaying a strong preference for the (R,S) stereoisomer (PubMed:19965576). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and omega-1 hydroxylation of PUFA (PubMed:9435160). May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent) (PubMed:21068195). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin (PubMed:14725854). Metabolizes caffeine via N3-demethylation (Probable)
Specific Function: aromatase activity
Gene Name: CYP1A2
Uniprot ID: P05177
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight: 58406.915 Da

References

Salmela KS, Tsyrlov IB, Lieber CS: Azide inhibits human cytochrome P -4502E1, 1A2, and 3A4. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Feb;25(2):253-60. [Article]
Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]

Details3. Cytochrome P450 2B6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endocannabinoids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:21289075). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:21289075). Hydroxylates steroid hormones, including testosterone at C-16 and estrogens at C-2 (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:21289075). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including plant lipids and drugs (PubMed:11695850, PubMed:22909231). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850)
Specific Function: anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
Gene Name: CYP2B6
Uniprot ID: P20813
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2B6
Molecular Weight: 56277.81 Da

References

Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Busby WF Jr, Ackermann JM, Crespi CL: Effect of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile on in vitro activities of cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Feb;27(2):246-9. [Article]

Details4. Cytochrome P450 2C9

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor
Curator comments: Data based on findings of in vitro studies.

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031)
Specific Function: (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP2C9
Uniprot ID: P11712
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight: 55627.365 Da

References

Tatsumi A, Ikegami Y, Morii R, Sugiyama M, Kadobayashi M, Iwakawa S: Effect of ethanol on S-warfarin and diclofenac metabolism by recombinant human CYP2C9.1. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Mar;32(3):517-9. [Article]
Thu OKF, Spigset O, Hellum B: Noncompetitive inhibition of human CYP2C9 in vitro by a commercial Rhodiola rosea product. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017 Aug;5(4). doi: 10.1002/prp2.324. [Article]

Details5. Cytochrome P450 2C19

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)
Specific Function: (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP2C19
Uniprot ID: P33261
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight: 55944.565 Da

References

Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Busby WF Jr, Ackermann JM, Crespi CL: Effect of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile on in vitro activities of cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Feb;27(2):246-9. [Article]

Details6. Cytochrome P450 2E1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inducer

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates fatty acids specifically at the omega-1 position displaying the highest catalytic activity for saturated fatty acids (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). May be involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics (Probable)
Specific Function: 4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP2E1
Uniprot ID: P05181
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2E1
Molecular Weight: 56848.42 Da

References

Lewis DF, Modi S, Dickins M: Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82. [Article]
Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Nakamura K, Iwahashi K, Ameno K, Sekine Y, Suzuki K, Minabe Y, Mori N: CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9. doi: 10.1159/000070014. [Article]
Ueshima Y, Tsutsumi M, Takase S, Matsuda Y, Kawahara H: Acetaminophen metabolism in patients with different cytochrome P-4502E1 genotypes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Feb;20(1 Suppl):25A-28A. [Article]
Roberts BJ, Shoaf SE, Jeong KS, Song BJ: Induction of CYP2E1 in liver, kidney, brain and intestine during chronic ethanol administration and withdrawal: evidence that CYP2E1 possesses a rapid phase half-life of 6 hours or less. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Dec 15;205(2):1064-71. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2774. [Article]
Thummel KE, Slattery JT, Ro H, Chien JY, Nelson SD, Lown KE, Watkins PB: Ethanol and production of the hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen in healthy adults. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jun;67(6):591-9. doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.106574. [Article]
Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Details7. Cytochrome P450 3A4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate
Inhibitor
Inducer
Curator comments: Appears to produce induction in the long-term but may produce inhibition in an acute context.

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
Specific Function: 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Dupont I, Berthou F, Bodenez P, Bardou L, Guirriec C, Stephan N, Dreano Y, Lucas D: Involvement of cytochromes P-450 2E1 and 3A4 in the 5-hydroxylation of salicylate in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Mar;27(3):322-6. [Article]
Feierman DE, Melinkov Z, Nanji AA: Induction of CYP3A by ethanol in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Jun;27(6):981-8. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000071738.53337.F4. [Article]
Kostrubsky VE, Strom SC, Wood SG, Wrighton SA, Sinclair PR, Sinclair JF: Ethanol and isopentanol increase CYP3A and CYP2E in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Oct 1;322(2):516-20. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1495. [Article]
Salmela KS, Tsyrlov IB, Lieber CS: Azide inhibits human cytochrome P -4502E1, 1A2, and 3A4. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Feb;25(2):253-60. [Article]
Patki KC, Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL: Ethanol inhibits in-vitro metabolism of nifedipine, triazolam and testosterone in human liver microsomes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;56(8):963-6. doi: 10.1211/0022357043950. [Article]
Busby WF Jr, Ackermann JM, Crespi CL: Effect of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetonitrile on in vitro activities of cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Feb;27(2):246-9. [Article]

Details8. Cytochrome P450 4A11

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inducer

General Function: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and their oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins) (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:10660572, PubMed:15611369, PubMed:1739747, PubMed:7679927, PubMed:8914854). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:10660572, PubMed:15611369, PubMed:1739747, PubMed:7679927, PubMed:8914854). Catalyzes predominantly the oxidation of the terminal carbon (omega-oxidation) of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the catalytic efficiency decreasing in the following order: dodecanoic > tetradecanoic > (9Z)-octadecenoic > (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoic > hexadecanoic acid (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:10660572). Acts as a major omega-hydroxylase for dodecanoic (lauric) acid in liver (PubMed:15611369, PubMed:1739747, PubMed:7679927, PubMed:8914854). Participates in omega-hydroxylation of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonate) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a signaling molecule acting both as vasoconstrictive and natriuretic with overall effect on arterial blood pressure (PubMed:10620324, PubMed:10660572, PubMed:15611369). Can also catalyze the oxidation of the penultimate carbon (omega-1 oxidation) of fatty acids with lower efficiency (PubMed:7679927). May contribute to the degradation of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) such as docosanoic acid, by catalyzing successive omega-oxidations to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid, thereby initiating chain shortening (PubMed:18182499). Omega-hydroxylates (9R,10S)-epoxy-octadecanoate stereoisomer (PubMed:15145985). Plays a minor role in omega-oxidation of long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (PubMed:18065749). Has little activity toward prostaglandins A1 and E1 (PubMed:7679927)
Specific Function: alkane 1-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name: CYP4A11
Uniprot ID: Q02928
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 4A11
Molecular Weight: 59347.31 Da

References

Cummings BS, Lasker JM, Lash LH: Expression of glutathione-dependent enzymes and cytochrome P450s in freshly isolated and primary cultures of proximal tubular cells from human kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 May;293(2):677-85. [Article]

Details9. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Alcohol dehydrogenase (PubMed:2738060). Oxidizes primary as well as secondary alcohols. Ethanol is a very poor substrate (PubMed:2738060)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH1A
Uniprot ID: P07327
Uniprot Name: Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
Molecular Weight: 39858.37 Da

References

Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 May 30;191(1-3):14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Feb 15. [Article]
Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01319.x. [Article]
Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. [Article]
Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0422-8. Epub 2008 Aug 9. [Article]

Details10. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate in retinoid metabolism (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). In vitro can also catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency (PubMed:16787387). Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal (PubMed:15369820)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH1B
Uniprot ID: P00325
Uniprot Name: All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B
Molecular Weight: 39835.17 Da

References

Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 May 30;191(1-3):14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Feb 15. [Article]
Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01319.x. [Article]
Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. [Article]
Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0422-8. Epub 2008 Aug 9. [Article]

Details11. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Alcohol dehydrogenase. Exhibits high activity for ethanol oxidation and plays a major role in ethanol catabolism
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH1C
Uniprot ID: P00326
Uniprot Name: Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C
Molecular Weight: 39867.27 Da

References

Hernandez-Tobias A, Julian-Sanchez A, Pina E, Riveros-Rosas H: Natural alcohol exposure: is ethanol the main substrate for alcohol dehydrogenases in animals? Chem Biol Interact. 2011 May 30;191(1-3):14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Feb 15. [Article]
Matsumoto M, Cyganek I, Sanghani PC, Cho WK, Liangpunsakul S, Crabb DW: Ethanol metabolism by HeLa cells transduced with human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes: control of the pathway by acetaldehyde concentration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Jan;35(1):28-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01319.x. [Article]
Nishimura FT, Kimura Y, Abe S, Fukunaga T, Saijoh K: Effects of polymorphisms in untranslated regions of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes on alcohol metabolism in Japanese subjects and transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2009 Jun;44(3):139-55. [Article]
Jelski W, Kozlowski M, Laudanski J, Niklinski J, Szmitkowski M: The activity of class I, II, III, and IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0422-8. Epub 2008 Aug 9. [Article]

Details12. Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione (PubMed:8460164). Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate (PubMed:16081420). Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol (PubMed:8460164). Required for clearance of cellular formaldehyde, a cytotoxic and carcinogenic metabolite that induces DNA damage (PubMed:33355142). Also acts as a S-nitroso-glutathione reductase by catalyzing the NADH-dependent reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione, thereby regulating protein S-nitrosylation (By similarity)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependent
Gene Name: ADH5
Uniprot ID: P11766
Uniprot Name: Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
Molecular Weight: 39723.945 Da

References

Lee SL, Chau GY, Yao CT, Wu CW, Yin SJ: Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jul;30(7):1132-42. [Article]

Details13. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of either all-trans-retinol or 9-cis-retinol (PubMed:17279314). Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate (PubMed:16081420). Also catalyzes the reduction of benzoquinones (PubMed:10514444)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH4
Uniprot ID: P08319
Uniprot Name: All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4
Molecular Weight: 40221.335 Da

References

Lee SL, Chau GY, Yao CT, Wu CW, Yin SJ: Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jul;30(7):1132-42. [Article]

Details14. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol, alcohol, and omega-hydroxy fatty acids and their derivatives (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). Oxidizes preferentially all trans-retinol, all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol, 9-cis-retinol, 2-hexenol, and long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids such as juniperic acid (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). In vitro can also catalyze the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and aldehydes and their derivatives (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267). Reduces preferentially all trans-retinal, all-trans-4-oxoretinal and hexanal (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387). Therefore may participate in retinoid metabolism, fatty acid omega-oxidation, and elimination of cytotoxic aldehydes produced by lipid peroxidation (PubMed:15369820, PubMed:16787387, PubMed:9600267)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH7
Uniprot ID: P40394
Uniprot Name: All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7
Molecular Weight: 41480.985 Da

References

Lee SL, Chau GY, Yao CT, Wu CW, Yin SJ: Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jul;30(7):1132-42. [Article]

Details15. Alcohol dehydrogenase 6

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Alcohol dehydrogenase (PubMed:1755855). Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes (PubMed:1755855). Oxidizes secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones (By similarity)
Specific Function: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
Gene Name: ADH6
Uniprot ID: P28332
Uniprot Name: Alcohol dehydrogenase 6
Molecular Weight: 39072.275 Da

References

Lee SL, Chau GY, Yao CT, Wu CW, Yin SJ: Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jul;30(7):1132-42. [Article]

Details16. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols (PubMed:10510318, PubMed:30538128). Displays enzymatic activity towards endogenous metabolites such as aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, monosaccharides and bile acids, with a preference for negatively charged substrates, such as glucuronate and succinic semialdehyde (PubMed:10510318, PubMed:30538128). Functions as a detoxifiying enzyme by reducing a range of toxic aldehydes (By similarity). Reduces methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone, which are present at elevated levels under hyperglycemic conditions and are cytotoxic (By similarity). Involved also in the detoxification of lipid-derived aldehydes like acrolein (By similarity). Plays a role in the activation of procarcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon trans-dihydrodiols, and in the metabolism of various xenobiotics and drugs, including the anthracyclines doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DAUN) (PubMed:11306097, PubMed:18276838). Also acts as an inhibitor of protein S-nitrosylation by mediating degradation of S-nitroso-coenzyme A (S-nitroso-CoA), a cofactor required to S-nitrosylate proteins (PubMed:30538128). S-nitroso-CoA reductase activity is involved in reprogramming intermediary metabolism in renal proximal tubules, notably by inhibiting protein S-nitrosylation of isoform 2 of PKM (PKM2) (By similarity). Also acts as a S-nitroso-glutathione reductase by catalyzing the NADPH-dependent reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (PubMed:31649033). Displays no reductase activity towards retinoids (By similarity)
Specific Function: aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity
Gene Name: AKR1A1
Uniprot ID: P14550
Uniprot Name: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1
Molecular Weight: 36572.71 Da

References

Lee SL, Chau GY, Yao CT, Wu CW, Yin SJ: Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jul;30(7):1132-42. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at November 03, 2024 19:35

Ethanol

Identification

Structure for Ethanol (DB00898)

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Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package

Pharmacoeconomics

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