Identification
- Summary
Iodixanol is a contrast agent used during coronary angiography, particularly in patients with renal dysfunction.
- Brand Names
- Visipaque, Visipaque 270, Visipaque 320
- Generic Name
- Iodixanol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01249
- Background
Iodixanol is a nonionic hydrophilic compound commonly used as a contrast agent during coronary angiography, particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction, as it is believed to be less toxic to the kidneys than most other intravascular contrast agents.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Iodixanol (DB01249)
- Weight
- Average: 1550.1819
Monoisotopic: 1549.713275288 - Chemical Formula
- C35H44I6N6O15
- Synonyms
- 5,5'-((2-hydroxytrimethylene)bis(acetylimino))bis(N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide)
- Indixanol
- Iodixanol
- Iodixanolum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Iodixanol is a contrast agent during coronary angiography.
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Iodixanol is a contrast agent commonly used during coronary angiography, particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction, as it is believed to be less toxic to the kidneys than most other intravascular contrast agents. It is an imaging contrast agent with the same osmolality as blood (290mOsm/kg H20).
- Mechanism of action
Organic iodine compounds attenuate x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing the body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine. The degree of opacity produced by these compounds is directly proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. After intravascular administration, iodixanol makes opaque those internal structures in its path of flow, allowing their visualization until significant hemodilution and elimination occur.
- Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
- 0.26 L/kg
- Protein binding
Negligible
- Metabolism
Excreted unchanged
- Route of elimination
In adults, approximately 97% of the injected dose of iodixanol is excreted unchanged in urine within 24 hours, with less than 2% excreted in feces within five days post-injection.
- Half-life
2.1 hours. In patients with significantly impaired renal function (mean creatinine clearance rate, 9.91 [± 3.58] mL per minute), the plasma half-life is increased to 23 hours.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Non-ionic radiocontrast agents like iodixanol are cytotoxic to renal cells. The toxic effects include apoptosis, cellular energy failure, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and disturbance of tubular cell polarity, and are thought to be linked to oxidative stress.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Acetaminophen Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Aclidinium Iodixanol may decrease the excretion rate of Aclidinium which could result in a higher serum level. Acrivastine Iodixanol may decrease the excretion rate of Acrivastine which could result in a higher serum level. Acyclovir Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. Adefovir dipivoxil Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Iodixanol which could result in a higher serum level. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Visipaque / Visipaque 270 / Visipaque 320
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Visipaque Injection, solution 270 mg/1mL Intravascular GE Healthcare Inc. 2009-03-01 2017-08-18 US 
Visipaque Injection, solution 320 mg/1mL Intravascular GE Healthcare Inc. 2006-05-01 Not applicable US Visipaque 270 Solution 550 mg / mL Intra-arterial; Intravenous Ge Healthcare 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Visipaque 320 Solution 652 mg / mL Intra-arterial; Intravenous Ge Healthcare 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Iodixanol Injection, solution 320 mg/1mL Intravascular Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2022-06-21 Not applicable US Iodixanol Injection, solution 270 mg/1mL Intravascular Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2022-06-21 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- V08AB09 — Iodixanol
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Benzene Derivatives
- Benzoates
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Contrast Media
- Diagnostic Uses of Chemicals
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Iodinated Contrast Agents
- Iodobenzoates
- Radiographic Contrast Agent
- Roentgenography
- Watersoluble, Nephrotropic, Low Osmolar X-Ray Contrast Media
- X-Ray Contrast Activity
- X-Ray Contrast Media, Iodinated
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminobenzoic acid and derivatives. These are derivatives of amino benzoic acid derivatives where the amine group is N-acylated.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Benzoic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Acylaminobenzoic acid and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- P-haloacetanilides / O-haloacetanilides / 2-halobenzoic acids and derivatives / 4-halobenzoic acids and derivatives / Benzamides / Benzoyl derivatives / Iodobenzenes / Aryl iodides / Vinylogous halides / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides show 10 more
- Substituents
- 2-halobenzoic acid or derivatives / 4-halobenzoic acid or derivatives / Acetamide / Acetanilide / Acylaminobenzoic acid or derivatives / Alcohol / Anilide / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Aryl halide / Aryl iodide show 25 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organoiodine compound (CHEBI:31705)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- HW8W27HTXX
- CAS number
- 92339-11-2
- InChI Key
- NBQNWMBBSKPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C35H44I6N6O15/c1-13(52)46(30-26(38)20(32(59)42-3-15(54)9-48)24(36)21(27(30)39)33(60)43-4-16(55)10-49)7-19(58)8-47(14(2)53)31-28(40)22(34(61)44-5-17(56)11-50)25(37)23(29(31)41)35(62)45-6-18(57)12-51/h15-19,48-51,54-58H,3-12H2,1-2H3,(H,42,59)(H,43,60)(H,44,61)(H,45,62)
- IUPAC Name
- 5-{N-[3-(N-{3,5-bis[(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl]-2,4,6-triiodophenyl}acetamido)-2-hydroxypropyl]acetamido}-N1,N3-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
- SMILES
- CC(=O)N(CC(O)CN(C(C)=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I
References
- Synthesis Reference
Ole Homestad, "Preparation of iodixanol." U.S. Patent US20020010368, issued January 24, 2002.
US20020010368- General References
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015379
- KEGG Drug
- D01474
- PubChem Compound
- 3724
- PubChem Substance
- 46504687
- ChemSpider
- 3593
- 27729
- ChEBI
- 31705
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200507
- PharmGKB
- PA164783998
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Iodixanol
- FDA label
- Download (247 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1 4 Completed Not Available Drug Safety 1 4 Completed Not Available Patient Comfort and Safety 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Anatomic renal artery stenosis / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Lung Cancer / Pulmonary Embolism 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) / Impaired Renal Function 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Coronary Artery Stenosis 2 4 Completed Diagnostic Imaging procedure 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) 2 4 Completed Prevention Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) / Prophylaxis of Contrast-induced nephropathy 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- GE Healthcare Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection Parenteral Injection Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous Injection Intravascular Injection, solution Intravascular 270 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravascular 320 mg/1mL Injection, solution Parenteral 305 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral 550 mg/ml Injection, solution Parenteral 652 mg/ml Solution Intra-arterial; Intravenous 550 mg / mL Injection, solution Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 270 mgI/mL Solution 270 mg/1ml Solution Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 270 mg Solution Intra-arterial; Intravenous 652 mg / mL Solution Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 320 mg Injection, solution Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 320 mgI/mL Solution 320 mg/1ml Injection Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 550 mg/ml Injection Intra-arterial; Intrathecal; Intravenous 652 mg/ml - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Visipaque 320 mg/ml cartridge 1.92USD ml Visipaque 270 mg/ml cartridge 1.57USD ml Visipaque 320 mg/ml vial 1.23USD ml Visipaque 270 mg/ml vial 1.13USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5366722 No 1994-11-22 2011-11-22 US USRE36418 No 1999-11-30 2011-07-12 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source logP 0.5 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.185 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -2.9 ALOGPS logP -2.1 Chemaxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 11.43 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3.2 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 15 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 13 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 339.09 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 22 Chemaxon Refractivity 277.16 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 111.56 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.8058 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.6467 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6448 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5344 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.6189 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.6578 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9372 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7589 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8157 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5826 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.907 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.5808 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9132 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6966 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 1.7030 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9948 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.521
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Drug created at March 30, 2007 07:03 / Updated at June 05, 2023 06:28