Identification
- Summary
Polyvinyl alcohol is a compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant.
- Brand Names
- Clear Eyes Natural Tears, Freshkote, Minidrops, Refresh Lubricant, Stye
- Generic Name
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11060
- Background
Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant to prevent irritation or to relieve dryness of the eyes 4.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Synonyms
- Alcohol polivinílico
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- PVOH
- External IDs
- E-1203
- INS-1203
Pharmacology
- Indication
For use as a lubricant to prevent further irritation or to relieve dryness of the eye(s) 6.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Temporarily relieves burning and irritation due to dryness of the eye or from exposure to wind or sun. Lubricates the eyes and helps protect against further eye irritation/dryness 7.
- Mechanism of action
As a synthetic resin with hydrophilic properties, it increases the persistence of tear film and therefore lubricates and soothes dry/irritated eyes 9.
- Absorption
Polyvinyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and readily eliminated from the body 5.
- Volume of distribution
This drug does not accumulate in the body when administered orally 1.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
When injected intravenously, polyvinyl alcohol has a half-life of 90 min 2.
Intraocularly, in eye drop form, the half-life is 7.2 minutes 3.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
The oral acute toxicity of PVOH (LD50) in rats and mice are 20 g/kg and 14.7 g/kg, respectively 5. Adverse effects include eye pain and changes of vision, and redness or irritation of the eye 9.
Mild stinging or irritation of the eye, crusting of eyelid, eye pain, ocular hyperaemia, eye pruritus, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, and increased lacrimation may also occur 8.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Akwa Tears Solution 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Preferreed Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2010-11-22 2013-06-11 US 
Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic A-S Medication Solutions 2011-10-07 2018-06-30 US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic A S Medication Solutions 2011-10-07 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Cardinal Health 2011-11-15 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic A-S Medication Solutions 1998-03-01 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution 1.4 % Ophthalmic Ivax Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 1996-12-10 2015-10-26 Canada 
Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Akorn 1998-03-01 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Preferreed Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2012-03-13 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Mwi 2015-03-23 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Solution / drops 14 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Rugby Laboratories Inc. 2011-10-07 2019-02-28 US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Artifical Tears Polyvinyl alcohol (0.05 g/1mL) + Povidone (0.06 g/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic medsource pharmaceuticals 2016-04-04 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Polyvinyl alcohol (5 mg/1mL) + Povidone (6 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Strategic Sourcing Services LLC 2012-03-01 2015-12-31 US Artificial Tears Polyvinyl alcohol (5 mg/1mL) + Povidone (6 mg/1mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Kc Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2003-11-25 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Polyvinyl alcohol (0.5 g/100mL) + Povidone (0.6 g/100mL) Solution Ophthalmic Nucare Pharmaceuticals,inc. 2020-01-02 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Extra Polyvinyl alcohol (1.4 %) + Povidone (0.6 %) Solution Ophthalmic Pharmascience Inc 1997-05-16 2016-10-31 Canada Artificial Tears Lubricant Eye Polyvinyl alcohol (5.0 mg/1mL) + Povidone (6.0 mg/1mL) Liquid Ophthalmic Prestige Brands Holdings, Inc. 2012-06-01 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Lubricant Eye Polyvinyl alcohol (500 mg/100mL) + Povidone (600 mg/100mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic WinCo Foods, LLC 2015-01-09 Not applicable US Artificial Tears Plus Polyvinyl alcohol (1.4 %) + Povidone (0.6 %) Solution Ophthalmic Ivax Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 1996-12-10 2015-10-26 Canada Best Choice Artificial Tears Polyvinyl alcohol (0.5 g/100mL) + Povidone (0.6 g/100mL) Solution / drops Ophthalmic Best Choice 2023-03-21 Not applicable US CareOne Artificial Tears Eye Drops 15mL Polyvinyl alcohol (0.5 g/100mL) + Povidone (0.6 g/100mL) Liquid Ophthalmic Retail Business Services, LLC 2019-10-29 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image SICCAPROTECT 10 ML GOZ DAMLASI Polyvinyl alcohol (14 mg/ml) + Dexpanthenol (30 mg/ml) Solution / drops Ophthalmic BİEM İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 2020-12-09 Turkey 
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 532B59J990
- CAS number
- 9002-89-5
References
- General References
- DeMerlis CC, Schoneker DR: Review of the oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Mar;41(3):319-26. [Article]
- Yamaoka T, Tabata Y, Ikada Y: Comparison of body distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) with other water-soluble polymers after intravenous administration. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1995 Jun;47(6):479-86. [Article]
- O'Connor, Davies, G.A. Hopkins, R.M. Hopkins (2014). The Actions and Uses of Ophthalmic Drugs. Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Polyvinyl alcohol, PubChem [Link]
- Polivinyl Alcohol Review [Link]
- Daily Med, Artificial Tears [Link]
- HYPOTEARS - polyvinyl alcohol and polyehtylene glycol 400 solution/ drops [Link]
- MIMS, Polyvinyl Alcohol [Link]
- Pediatrics On Call: Polyvinyl Alcohol [Link]
- Express Chemist: Allergan Liquifilm Tears (polyvinyl alcohol) ocular lubricant [Link]
- European Food Safety Document [File]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347911099
- 8570
- Wikipedia
- Polyvinyl_alcohol
- MSDS
- Download (65.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Dry Eyes 1 2 Unknown Status Treatment Nuclear Cataract 1 1 Recruiting Treatment Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck / Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck 1 Not Available Completed Treatment Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Intraocular; Ophthalmic 14 mg Solution Ophthalmic 14 mg/1mL Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 10 mg Solution Ophthalmic 1.4 % Solution / drops; suspension / drops Ophthalmic Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 14 mg Solution / drops Ophthalmic 14 mg/1mL Solution Topical Solution / drops Intraocular Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % Solution Ophthalmic; Topical 14 mg Solution Ophthalmic 0.014 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic 3 % Liquid Ophthalmic Suspension Ophthalmic 14 mg Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 12 mg Solution Ophthalmic 14 mg Liquid Ophthalmic 1.4 % For solution Topical 5 mg/1mL Solution Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1.4 % Solution / drops Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1.4 g/100mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1 % w/v Suspension Ophthalmic Solution Intraocular 14 mg/1mL - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source water solubility soluble in water (slightly) MSDS - Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at March 24, 2023 20:20