Human varicella-zoster immune globulin
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Identification
- Summary
Human varicella-zoster immune globulin is a solution of antibodies used for post exposure prophylaxis of varicella infections in high risk populations, as well as to reduce the severity of infections.
- Brand Names
- Varizig
- Generic Name
- Human varicella-zoster immune globulin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11621
- Background
Human varicella-zoster immune globulin is a solvent/detergent-treated sterile liquid preparation of purified human immune globulin G (IgG) containing antibodies to varicella zoster virus (anti-VZV). It is prepared from pools of healthy human donors' plasma via anion-exchange column chromatography and was approved in 2012 under the name VariZIG to reduce the disease severity in high-risk patients who lack evidence of immunity to varicella and for whom varicella vaccine is contraindicated. The therapeutic efficacy is proven if administered within 4 days of exposure to varicella zoster virus.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Polyclonal antibody (pAb) - Protein Chemical Formula
- Not Available
- Protein Average Weight
- Not Available
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- Human herpesvirus 3 immune globulin
- Varicella zoster immune globulin
- Varicella zoster immune globulin (human)
- Varicella zoster immune globulin human
- Varicella zoster immunoglobulin (human)
- Varicella-zoster immune globulin
- Varicella-zoster immune globulin human
- VZV immune globulin
Pharmacology
- Indication
Indicated for preventing and reducing the severity of chicken pox (varicella zoster virus) infections in high risk individuals within 4 days of exposure to varicella zoster virus.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Prophylaxis of Varicella zoster infection •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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- Pharmacodynamics
Varicella zoster immune globuline provides passive immunization for non-immune individuals exposed to VZV, reducing the severity of varicella infections.
- Mechanism of action
Immunoglobulins are derived from human plasma and synthesized from plasma cells that recognize a broad spectrum of specific antigenic determinants 6. Derived from a pool of healthy human plasma, Human Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin is a solvent/detergent-treated sterile lyophilized preparation of purified human immune globulin G (IgG) containing antibodies to varicella zoster virus. The anti-VZV antibodies in VariZIG™ are thought to bind to proteins on the varicella virus; thereby, preventing or reducing the severity and progression of varicella infections.
- Absorption
Intravenous administration of varicella zoster antibodies tends to persist for 6 weeks or longer. Following intramuscular administration of varicella immune globulin products, varicella antibodies are detectable within 2-3 days. The peak levels of varicella antibodies is expected to occur within 3-7 days of VariZIG administration.
- Volume of distribution
Following intravenous administration of varicella zoster VZIG, anti-varicella zoster antibodies are expected to be quickly distributed between plasma and extravascular spaces with complete and immediate bioavailability. Intramuscular administration achieves nearly 100% bioavailability.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Immune globulins are metabolized in the reticuloendothelial system.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Human Varicella-Zoster Immunoglobulin has a half-life of about 18-24 days following intravenous administration and 24-30 days following intramuscular administration.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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- Toxicity
Since the drug was prepared from human plasma pool, it may contain other infectious agents such as viruses and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) agent. Hypersensitivity reactions such as allergic or anaphylactic reactions may occur. More common adverse effects include pain at injection site, headache, and rash. Rare adverse effects from immune globulin intravenous therapy include thrombotic events, renal dysfunction and acute renal failure, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. An LD50 was not determined, as the maximal dose used did not kill any experimental animals.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Human varicella-zoster immune globulin. Adalimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Human varicella-zoster immune globulin. Aducanumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Human varicella-zoster immune globulin is combined with Aducanumab. Alemtuzumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Human varicella-zoster immune globulin. Alirocumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alirocumab is combined with Human varicella-zoster immune globulin. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin Inj Liquid 125 unit / 2.5 mL Intramuscular Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories 1982-01-26 2000-11-13 Canada Varicella-zoster Immune Globulin (human) Liquid 100 unit / mL Intramuscular Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories 2000-07-24 2007-06-19 Canada Varizig Injection, solution 125 [iU]/1.2mL Intramuscular Kamada Ltd. 2024-03-01 Not applicable US Varizig Solution 125 [iU]/1 Intramuscular Aptevo Biotherapeutics Llc 2016-07-01 Not applicable US Varizig Kit 125 unit / vial Intramuscular; Intravenous Cangene Corporation A Subsidiary Of Emergent Biosolutions Inc. 2006-02-13 2016-08-02 Canada
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 33T61IWL27
- CAS number
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Zaia JA, Levin MJ, Preblud SR, Leszczynski J, Wright GG, Ellis RJ, Curtis AC, Valerio MA, LeGore J: Evaluation of varicella-zoster immune globulin: protection of immunosuppressed children after household exposure to varicella. J Infect Dis. 1983 Apr;147(4):737-43. [Article]
- Murguia-de-Sierra T, Villa-Guillen M, Villanueva-Garcia D, Molina A, Juarez-Chavez A, Leistikow EA: Varicella zoster virus antibody titers after intravenous zoster immune globulin in neonates, and the safety of this preparation. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Jun;94(6):790-3. [Article]
- Andrei G, Snoeck R: Advances in the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infections. Adv Pharmacol. 2013;67:107-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405880-4.00004-4. [Article]
- Authors unspecified: Varicella-zoster immune globulin for the prevention of chickenpox. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Jun;100(6):859-65. [Article]
- Authors unspecified: Updated recommendations for use of VariZIG--United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jul 19;62(28):574-6. [Article]
- Fernandez-Cruz E, Alecsandru D, Sanchez Ramon S: Mechanisms of action of immune globulin. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Sep;157 Suppl 1:1-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03955.x. [Article]
- Sewell WAC and Jolles S: Immunomodulatory action of intravenous immunoglobulin Immunology. 2002 December 1;107(4):387-393. [Article]
- DRUGS.COM [Link]
- Virizig [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347911219
- 39385
- Wikipedia
- VZV_immune_globulin
- FDA label
- Download (182 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Approved for Marketing Not Available Varicella 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Herpes Zoster 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Herpes Zoster / Herpes Zoster (Shingles) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Immune System Diseases 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Not Yet Recruiting Prevention Immunosuppression / Vaccine Response Impaired 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intramuscular 125 unit / 2.5 mL Liquid Intramuscular 100 unit / mL Solution Parenteral Injection, solution Intramuscular 125 [iU]/1.2mL Kit Intramuscular 125 [iU]/1mL Kit Intramuscular; Intravenous 125 unit / vial Liquid Intramuscular 1.25 [iU]/1mL Solution Intramuscular 125 [iU]/1 Solution Intramuscular 125 [iU]/1.2mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 125 unit / vial - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Drug created at September 06, 2016 20:50 / Updated at October 29, 2024 14:47