Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine

Identification

Accession Number

DB15654

Description

The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA-1273) is a novel mRNA-based vaccine encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle that encodes for a full-length pre-fusion stabilized spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, leading to a respiratory illness alongside other complications. COVID-19 has high interpatient variability in symptoms, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness.⁵ A phase I, open-label, dose-ranging clinical trial (NCT04283461) was initiated in March 2020 in which 45 subjects received two intramuscular doses (on days 1 and 29).⁴ This trial was later followed by phase II and III trials, where the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine demonstrated vaccine efficacy of 94.1%.⁵

On December 18, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine as the second vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in patients aged 18 years and older, after the EUA issued for the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 Vaccine on December 11, 2020. The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine is administered as a series of two intramuscular injections, one month (28 days) apart. In clinical trials, there were no differences in the safety profiles between younger and older (65 years of age and older) study participants; however, the safety and effectiveness of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine have not been assessed in persons less than 18 years of age.⁵ On December 23, 2020, Health Canada issued an expedited authorization for the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine.⁷

Type

Biotech

Groups

Investigational

Biologic Classification

Vaccines
Other vaccines

Synonyms

MRNA-1273 SARS-COV-2

External IDs

CX 024414
CX-024414
CX024414
mRNA-1273

Pharmacology

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Indication

The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine is authorized for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for active immunization to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals 18 years of age and older. It is administered in two doses, one month (28 days) apart.⁵

Associated Conditions

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine contains nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the pre-fusion stabilized Spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 virus. It has the potential to elicit a highly S-protein specific antiviral response.¹ In clinical trials, the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine demonstrated vaccine efficacy of 94.1%; however, the manufacturing company emphasizes that the vaccine may not protect all vaccine recipients against COVID-19, as some vaccinated patients still contracted the virus.⁵

Mechanism of action

The Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine is a vaccine that contains synthetic nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) encapsulated in Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) which codes for the full-length, pre-fusion stabilized spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2.² The S glycoprotein is a large transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in viral attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell.¹ Upon vaccination, human cells express the SARS-CoV-2 S antigen and immune response to the S antigen is elicited, leading to the protection against SARS-CoV-2.⁵

Absorption