Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
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Identification
- Summary
Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is a primarily IgG immune globulin used to manage allograft rejection in renal transplant patients.
- Brand Names
- Atgam
- Generic Name
- Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09312
- Background
Equine anti-thymocyte globulin is composed of purified gamma globulin containing primarily IgG against human thymus lymphocytes. It is formed by inoculating a horse with an antigen (human thymoyctes) which then induces the horse immune system's B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for that antigen. The result is polyclonal IgG that is then purified from the horse's serum to produce a usable drug product that can be used for immunosuppression. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, equine anti-thymocyte globulin targets a variety of immune system proteins including lymphocyte surface proteins, granulocytes, platelets, bone marrow cells, and other cell types. Equine ATG is currently indicated for the suppression of the immune system to prevent renal transplant rejection and in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Induction of T cell apoptosis and resulting T-cell lymphopenia found in vivo is credited for its therapeutic effect in these conditions.
There are currently various ATG products available, which differ in the source of inoculated animal (rabbit, horse, or pig) and in the type of antigen product used to produce immunoglobulin (thymocytes, peripheral T cells, etc.).
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Biologic Classification
- Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) - Protein Chemical Formula
- Not Available
- Protein Average Weight
- Not Available
- Sequences
- Not Available
- Synonyms
- Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Equine)
- Anti-thymocyte globulin equine
- eATG
- equine ATG
- Equine thymocyte immune globulin
- hATG
- Horse anti-thymocyte globulin
- Horse ATG
- Lymphocyte immune globulin anti-thymocyte globulin (equine)
- Lymphocyte immune globulin, anti-thymocyte globulin
Pharmacology
- Indication
For prevention of renal transplant rejection and for the treatment of aplastic anemia.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Graft-versus-host disease ••• ••••• Treatment of Heart transplant rejection ••• ••••• Prophylaxis of Heart transplant rejection ••• ••••• Treatment of Lung transplant rejection ••• ••••• Prophylaxis of Lung transplant rejection ••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
- Not Available
- Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
During infusion of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, the mean peak value (n = 27 renal transplant patients) was found to be 727 ± 310 μg/mL.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
The half-life of equine immunoglobulin after ATGAM infusion was found to be 5.7 ± 3.0 days in one group of recipients. The range for half-life was 1.5 to 13 days.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
The most commonly reported adverse reactions (occurring in greater than 10% of patients) are pyrexia, chills, rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and arthralgia.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbatacept The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abatacept is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Abciximab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Adalimumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live The risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live is combined with Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse). Aducanumab The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Aducanumab. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Atgam Solution 50 mg Intravenous Pfizer Italia S.R.L. 1998-12-04 Not applicable Canada Atgam Injection, solution 50 mg/1mL Intravenous Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC 1981-11-17 Not applicable US Atgam Sterile Solution IV 50mg/ml Liquid 50 mg Intravenous Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc 1985-12-31 1999-08-12 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L04AA03 — Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antibodies
- Antibody-Surface Protein Interactions
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Biological Products
- Blood
- Blood Proteins
- Body Fluids
- Complex Mixtures
- Fluids and Secretions
- Globulins
- Immune Sera
- Immunoglobulin G
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunologic Factors
- Immunoproteins
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Immunotherapy
- Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction
- Lymphocyte Function Alteration
- Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
- Proteins
- Selective Immunosuppressants
- Serum
- Serum Globulins
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- Not Available
- Kingdom
- Organic Compounds
- Super Class
- Organic Acids
- Class
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
- Direct Parent
- Peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Not Available
- Substituents
- Not Available
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 475247QF1Z
- CAS number
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Feng X, Scheinberg P, Biancotto A, Rios O, Donaldson S, Wu C, Zheng H, Sato K, Townsley DM, McCoy JP, Young NS: In vivo effects of horse and rabbit antithymocyte globulin in patients with severe aplastic anemia. Haematologica. 2014 Sep;99(9):1433-40. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.106542. Epub 2014 Jun 6. [Article]
- Vallejo C, Montesinos P, Polo M, Cuevas B, Morado M, Rosell A, Xicoy B, Diez JL, Salamero O, Cedillo A, Martinez P, Rayon C: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin versus horse antithymocyte globulin for treatment of acquired aplastic anemia: a retrospective analysis. Ann Hematol. 2015 Jun;94(6):947-54. doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2305-3. Epub 2015 Feb 13. [Article]
- Hagen P, Wagner JE, DeFor TE, Dolan M, Arora M, Warlick E, Weisdorf D, Brunstein CG: The effect of equine antithymocyte globulin on the outcomes of reduced intensity conditioning for AML. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014 Dec;49(12):1498-504. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2014.183. Epub 2014 Sep 22. [Article]
- Dubey S, Nityanand S: Involvement of Fas and TNF pathways in the induction of apoptosis of T cells by antithymocyte globulin. Ann Hematol. 2003 Aug;82(8):496-9. Epub 2003 May 29. [Article]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D08808
- PubChem Substance
- 347910436
- 1011
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Anti-thymocyte_globulin
- FDA label
- Download (4.88 MB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Intravenous 50 mg/1mL Solution Intravenous 50 mg Injection, solution Intravenous 50 mg/ml Injection Intravenous 50 mg/ml Liquid Intravenous 50 mg Injection Parenteral Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 50 MG/ML Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous 20 MG/ML - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Drug created at November 16, 2015 22:18 / Updated at November 03, 2024 19:35