Omadacycline

Identification

Summary

Omadacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic used to treat community acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Brand Names
Nuzyra
Generic Name
Omadacycline
DrugBank Accession Number
DB12455
Background

Omadacycline has been used in trials studying the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia, Bacterial Infections, Community-Acquired Infections, and Skin Structures and Soft Tissue Infections. Omadacycline represents a significant advance over the well-known tetracycline family, and has been shown to be highly effective in animal models at treating increasingly problematic, clinically prevalent infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and by gram-negative, atypical and anaerobic bacteria, including those resistant to currently available classes of antibiotics and known to cause diseases such as pneumonias, urinary tract infections, skin diseases and blood-borne infections in both the hospital and community settings.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 556.66
Monoisotopic: 556.289699644
Chemical Formula
C29H40N4O7
Synonyms
  • Amadacycline
  • Omadacycline
External IDs
  • BAY 73-6944

Pharmacology

Indication

Omadacycline is indicated for the treatment of community acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by omadacycline-susceptible organisms in adults.Label

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAcute bacterial skin and skin structure infections•••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAcute bacterial skin and skin structure infections•••••••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAcute bacterial skin and skin structure infections••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••• ••• ••••••••
Treatment ofAcute bacterial skin and skin structure infections••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••• ••• ••••••••
Treatment ofCommunity acquired bacterial pneumonia•••••••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Omadacycline can be either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal depending on the organism involved.1,3 It disrupts bacterial protein synthesis without affecting DNA, RNA, or peptidoglycan synthesis. Omadacycline represents an improvement over existing tetracycline agents as it has not been found to be subject to tetracycline resistance mediated by tetracycline efflux pumps encoded by the tet(K), tet(L), and tet(B) or to ribosomal protection proteins encoded by tet(O) and tet(M).Label,1,2 Omadacycline is susceptible to RNA mutations which confer resistance to tetracyclines.4

Mechanism of action

Omadacycline binds to the primary tetracycline binding site on the bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit with high specificity.4 There it acts to block protein synthesis, disrupting many facets of cellular function and resulting in either cell death or stasis.1,2,3

TargetActionsOrganism
A30S ribosomal protein S3
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S7
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S8
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S19
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S14
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A16S ribosomal RNA
inhibitor
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Absorption

Omadacycline has an mean absolute oral bioavailability of 34.5% and a mean Tmax of2.5 h with oral dosing. With multiple dosing, Omadacycline displays an accumulation factor of 1.5. Label Official labeling states that food does not significantly impact rate or extent of absorption, however, conflicting data exists suggesting food may lower the bioavailability of omadacycline taken after eating. Label,5 The exposure in alveolar cells and epithelial lining fluid is 25.8 and 1.5 fold higher than plasma exposure after IV administration, suggesting Omadacycline penetrates the lungs to a significant degree.Label

Volume of distribution

Omadacycline has a mean Vd of 256 L after a single dose and a Vss of 190 L.Label

Protein binding

Omadacycline exhibits non-linear protein binding and remains 20% bound independent of concentration.Label

Metabolism

Omadacycline is not known to be metabolized in humans.Label

Route of elimination

After IV dosing 27% of Omadacycline was eliminated by the kidneys. In oral dosing 14.4% was found to be eliminated by the kidneys and 81.1% in the feces.Label Neither renal nor hepatic impairment appears to produce a clinically relevant effect elimination.

Half-life

Omadacycline has a mean half life of elimination of 16.2 h. Label

Clearance

Omadacycline has a mean systemic clearance of 11.24 L/h and a renal clearance of 2.4-3.3 L/h.Label

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted with Omadacycline, however, other tetracycline drugs have shown oncogenicity.Label Specifically, oxytetracycline increased incidence of adrenal and pituitary tumors and minocycline increased incidence of thyroid tumors.

Omadacycline has tested positive for clastogenicity and aneugenicity during in-vitro Chinese hamster ovary cell studies and for mutagenicity in mouse lymphoma cells.Label Both positive results occurred in the presence of metabolizing enzymes. Omadacycline has tested negative for chromosomal aberration of any kind during in-vitro Chinese hamster V79 cell testing. It has further tested negative during in-vivo micronucleus assays in ICR mice and HanRcc: WIST rats.

Omadacycline reduced sperm counts and sperm-motility in male rats at repeat dosages equivalent to 1.3 times the normal human exposure but produced no effect on fertility parameters.Label Inhibition of spermatogenesis was noted at repeat dosages equivalent to 6-8 times normal human exposure for a duration greater than 37 days but not at dosages under 2 times normal human exposure or durations of less than 4 weeks. Ovulation and embryonic survival was reduced in female rats at dosages approximating normal human exposure administered before mating through early pregnancy.

Thyroid hyperpigmentation, goitrogenicity, thyroid hyperplasia, and adrenal have been noted in multiple animal studies using other tetracycline drugs.Label

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbemaciclibThe serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Omadacycline.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Omadacycline can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AcenocoumarolOmadacycline may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol.
AcitretinThe risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri can be increased when Acitretin is combined with Omadacycline.
AdagrasibThe serum concentration of Omadacycline can be increased when it is combined with Adagrasib.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid multivalent ions. Wait at least 4 hours after the omadacycline administration to take multivalent cations (eg. zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron).
  • Take on an empty stomach. Do not eat for 4 hours before and 2 hours after administering omadacycline. Drinking water after administration is acceptable.
  • Take separate from antacids. Wait at least 4 hours after omadacycline administration to take antacids.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Omadacycline tosylate5658Y89YCD1075240-43-5SETFNHZTVGTBHC-XGLFQKEBSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
NuzyraInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution100 mg/5mLIntravenousParatek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2019-02-01Not applicableUS flag
NuzyraTablet, film coated150 mg/1OralParatek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2019-02-01Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J01AA15 — OmadacyclineJ01AA20 — Combinations of tetracyclines
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracyclines. These are polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Tetracyclines
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Tetracyclines
Alternative Parents
Naphthacenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetralins / Aryl ketones / Dialkylarylamines / Aralkylamines / Cyclohexenones / Phenols / Tertiary alcohols / Vinylogous acids
show 8 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Anthracene carboxylic acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Aryl ketone / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group
show 25 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Legionella pneumophila
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Staphylococcus lugdunensis
  • Streptococcus anginosus
  • Streptococcus constellatus
  • Enterobacter cloacae
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus parainfluenzae
  • Streptococcus intermedius
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
090IP5RV8F
CAS number
389139-89-3
InChI Key
JEECQCWWSTZDCK-IQZGDKDPSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C29H40N4O7/c1-28(2,3)12-31-11-14-10-17(32(4)5)15-8-13-9-16-21(33(6)7)24(36)20(27(30)39)26(38)29(16,40)25(37)18(13)23(35)19(15)22(14)34/h10,13,16,21,31,34,36-37,40H,8-9,11-12H2,1-7H3,(H2,30,39)/t13-,16-,21-,29-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-9-{[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]methyl}-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC3=C(C=C(CNCC(C)(C)C)C(O)=C3C(=O)C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@]1([H])C2)N(C)C

References

General References
  1. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
  2. Draper MP, Weir S, Macone A, Donatelli J, Trieber CA, Tanaka SK, Levy SB: Mechanism of action of the novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic omadacycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(3):1279-83. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01066-13. Epub 2013 Sep 16. [Article]
  3. Tanaka SK, Steenbergen J, Villano S: Discovery, pharmacology, and clinical profile of omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic. Bioorg Med Chem. 2016 Dec 15;24(24):6409-6419. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.029. Epub 2016 Jul 18. [Article]
  4. Heidrich CG, Mitova S, Schedlbauer A, Connell SR, Fucini P, Steenbergen JN, Berens C: The Novel Aminomethylcycline Omadacycline Has High Specificity for the Primary Tetracycline-Binding Site on the Bacterial Ribosome. Antibiotics (Basel). 2016 Sep 22;5(4). pii: antibiotics5040032. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics5040032. [Article]
  5. Tzanis E, Manley A, Villano S, Tanaka SK, Bai S, Loh E: Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Omadacycline in Healthy Participants. J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;57(3):321-327. doi: 10.1002/jcph.814. Epub 2016 Sep 22. [Article]
PubChem Compound
54697325
PubChem Substance
347828696
ChemSpider
20131003
RxNav
2059269
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1689772
ZINC
ZINC000004836283
Wikipedia
Omadacycline
FDA label
Download (2.6 MB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedOtherCystic Fibrosis (CF)1
4RecruitingTreatmentMicrobial Colonization1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentBacterial Pneumonia / Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)1
3CompletedTreatmentBacterial Infections / Skin and skin structure infections2
3CompletedTreatmentBacterial Pneumonia / Community Acquired Infections1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous100 mg/5mL
Tablet, film coatedOral150 mg/1
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US10111890No2018-10-302037-08-03US flag
US10124014No2018-11-132029-03-05US flag
US9265740No2016-02-232029-03-05US flag
US9365500No2016-06-142021-06-29US flag
US9724358No2017-08-082029-03-05US flag
US9314475No2016-04-192031-03-18US flag
US7326696No2008-02-052023-09-24US flag
US7553828No2009-06-302023-06-02US flag
US8383610No2013-02-262030-09-23US flag
US10383884No2019-08-202037-10-31US flag
US10835542No2020-11-172037-10-31US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.213 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.94ALOGPS
logP-2.2Chemaxon
logS-3.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.87Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)10.54Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count10Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area176.66 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count7Chemaxon
Refractivity153.93 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability60.02 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability0Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0000090000-1b3bb502ace9fd1c70f4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0001290000-7337d8eed53dbe27b531
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-05g3-1000390000-5dd933c218974fe7846a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0abl-0000690000-8b95ffe26da0752e5e09
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-07vi-0014920000-922ab729ab1601745add
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ab9-3040930000-e67571fdd679843ae40c
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-227.50322
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+229.74928
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+235.6618
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
Binds the lower part of the 30S subunit head. Binds mRNA in the 70S ribosome, positioning it for translation (By similarity).Plays a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part...
Gene Name
rpsC
Uniprot ID
P0A7V3
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S3
Molecular Weight
25983.07 Da
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Trna binding
Specific Function
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. Is located at the subunit interface close to the decoding ...
Gene Name
rpsG
Uniprot ID
P02359
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S7
Molecular Weight
20018.91 Da
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit.Protein S8 is a translational repressor ...
Gene Name
rpsH
Uniprot ID
P0A7W7
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S8
Molecular Weight
14126.435 Da
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Trna binding
Specific Function
In the E.coli 70S ribosome in the initiation state (PubMed:12809609) it has been modeled to contact the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit forming part of bridge B1a; this bridge is broken in the model wi...
Gene Name
rpsS
Uniprot ID
P0A7U3
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S19
Molecular Weight
10430.235 Da
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles and may also be responsible for determining the conformation of the 16S rRNA at the A site.
Gene Name
rpsN
Uniprot ID
P0AG59
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S14
Molecular Weight
11580.36 Da
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]
Kind
Nucleotide
Organism
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA is essential for recognizing the 5' end of mRNA and hence positioning it correctly on the ribosome. The 16S rRNA has a characteristic secondary structure in which half of the nucleotides are base-paired. The 16S rRNA sequence has been highly conserved and is often used for evolutionary and species comparative analysis.
References
  1. Anokhina MM, Barta A, Nierhaus KH, Spiridonova VA, Kopylov AM: Mapping of the second tetracycline binding site on the ribosomal small subunit of E.coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 11;32(8):2594-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkh583. Print 2004. [Article]
  2. Barber KE, Bell AM, Wingler MJB, Wagner JL, Stover KR: Omadacycline Enters the Ring: A New Antimicrobial Contender. Pharmacotherapy. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/phar.2185. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da

Drug created at October 20, 2016 22:27 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:53