Deuruxolitinib

The Janus kinase‒signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, which involves four JAK kinases - JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) - is activated by various cytokine receptors and regulate the expression of mediators responsible for hematopoiesis and immune function, such as type I and type II cytokines and growth factors. JAK signalling involves the recruitment of STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) to cytokine receptors, activation and subsequent localization of STATs to the nucleus, leading to modulation of gene expression. Dysregulated JAK activity, leading to aberrant immune responses, has been characterized in various inflammatory conditions, including alopecia areata. For example, high levels of IFN-γ and CD8+NKG2D+T cells, which are activated by JAK signalling, are believed to cause autoantigen expression and an autoimmune attack on hair follicles. Deuruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that aims to attenuate the inflammatory response around hair follicles. It selectively targets JAK1 and JAK2.