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Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000466MetabolicCitric acid is then transported out of the mitochondria, to the cytosol, where the enzyme citrate lyase converts citric acid back into acetyl-CoA and oxalacetic acid. … Acetyl-CoA is made in the mitochondria by metabolizing fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate of acetyl-CoA.
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000482Metabolic(necessary for the citric acid cycle) and uses trifunctional enzyme subunits alpha and beta to create palmityl-CoA. … Finally, the 3 enzymes 3-ketoacyl-coA thiolase, trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha and trifunctional enzyme subunit beta convert 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and lauroyl-CoA which can then be
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Levocarnitine · Magnesium cation · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +2 moreEnzymes: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Short Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000480MetabolicAcetyl-CoA can then enter the citric acid cycle. … Finally, the beta-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by beta-ketothiolase and a thiol group is inserted between C-2 and C-3 to reduce the acyl-CoA and produce acetyl-CoA.
Enzymes: Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrialMitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000481MetabolicThis four step cycle repeats, removing 2 carbons from the fatty acid each time until it becomes acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is necessary for the citric acid cycle, among other cellular processes. … In the fourth and final step, the enzyme beta-ketothiolase cleaves the β-ketoacyl CoA and inserts the thiol group of another CoA between C-2 and C-3, reducing the acyl-CoA by 2 carbons and generating acetyl-CoA
Drugs: Adenosine phosphate · NADH · ATP · Magnesium cation · Lauric acid · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 moreHeroin Metabolism Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000623Drug metabolismThey are beta-endorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, and met-enkephalin. … Endorphins are regularly released in the brain and nerves, attenuating pain.
Famciclovir Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125885Drug actionFamciclovir is a nucleoside analog DNA polymerase inhibitor used for the treatment of recurrent cold sores and genital herpes in healthy patients and patients with HIV, and to manage herpes zoster. … Famciclovir undergoes rapid biotransformation to the active antiviral compound penciclovir, which has inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and varicella zoster
Physostigmine Action Pathway (new)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126616Drug actionPhysostigmine acts on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and inhibits it so it cannot break down acetylcholine. … By doing so it keeps acetylcholine available within the synaptic cleft continuing to act on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
Tacrine Action Pathway (new)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126621Drug actionIts mechanism of action is not fully known but is thought that the drug reversibly binds and inhibits cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. … If an overdose does occur symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, fainting and convulsions.
Edrophonium Action Pathway (new)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126690Drug actionSome symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, bradycardia, and increased secretions in the bronchioles and saliva. … This increases cholinergic transmission and stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and initiates muscle contraction.
Distigmine Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126700Drug actionThis is an experimental drug that acts by inhibiting cholinesterase and also binds directly to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in order to stimulate detrusor muscles in those who suffer from detrusor … Distigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor, a parasympathomimetic agent used in the treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction and or myasthenia gravis.