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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123300MetabolicKynurenic acid is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, and it also disrupts the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … After being transported into a hepatocyte from portal circulation tryptophan undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase to initially form kynurenine and then with a kynurenine aminotransferase
Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of 4-Ethylphenylsulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125541MetabolicIt has also been found to be related to cardiovascular mortality and to cause cell apoptosis. … phenylalanine is consumed through foods such as milk, eggs, cheese, nuts, soybeans, chicken, beef, pork, beans and fish.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Tyrosine · Iron · Oxogluric acid · Propanoic acid +3 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Imidazolepropionic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126521MetabolicHistidine can be obtained from the diet from foods such as meat and dairy and other foods high in protein. ImP is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). … ImP is a metabolite of histidine and it is formed from histidine via a urocanate intermediate in gut microbiota by the enzyme urocanate reductase (urdA).
Drugs: HistidineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of N-Acetylphenylalanine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126720MetabolicThe human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G). … About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus. Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation.
Drugs: PhenylalanineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol sulphate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126844MetabolicPhenol sulphate can be found in most mammals (mice, rats, sheep, dogs, humans) and likely most animals. Phenol sulphate is a uremic toxin. … In experimental models of diabetes, phenol sulphate administration has been shown to induce albuminuria and podocyte damage.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Androsterone sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0127012MetabolicAndrosterone sulfate has been identified in the human placenta. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. … It is a cognate substrate for human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the sulfonate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA
Drugs: Testosterone2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreIntracellular Signalling Through Prostacyclin Receptor and Prostacyclin
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000354SignalingProstacyclin binding to its receptor increases vasodilation and decreases platelet aggregation. … The receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor, upon its binding it activates G proteins causing the activation of adenylyl cyclase and production of cAMP messenger molecules. cAMP activates PKA (protein
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123213MetabolicPhenyl sulphate is shown to cause albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease. … Phenyl sulphate is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Para-cresol
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123214MetabolicP-cresol is shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and it can also inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. … P-cresol can then undergo sulfation or glucuronidation reactions in the liver to produce the uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide respectively.