Search
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners. … Fructose is well absorbed, especially in the presence of glucose. Fructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics.
Enzymes: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreEnzymes: Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000018MetabolicLNA enters the cell and is catalyzed to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) by acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (delta-6-desaturase/fatty acid desaturase 2). … Both LNA and ALA are essential dietary requirements for all mammals since they cannot be synthesized natively in the body.
Enzymes: Fatty acid desaturase 1, Fatty acid desaturase 2Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Hippuric Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123209MetabolicA monocarboxylate transporter then exports hippuric acid from the liver to the blood, where it exerts toxic effects. It can reduce blood clotting and, in the kidney, inhibit organic acid secretion. … After ingestion and absorption in the gut, benzoic acid is transported into the hepatic liver cell from blood where it undergoes two metabolic reactions.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123300Metabolicenzyme to ultimately form kynurenic acid. … Kynurenic acid is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, and it also disrupts the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Imidazolepropionic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126521MetabolicImidazolepropionic acid, also known as deaminohistidine or 4-imidazolylpropionate (ImP), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives. … These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid chain (of at least 2 carbon atoms) linked to an imidazole ring.
Drugs: HistidineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123256MetabolicPhenylacetic acid is then transported into the blood where it has various effects on the human body. It reduces nitric oxide production and reduces protection against inflammation in vessel walls. … Phenylacetic acid is transported out of the bacteria, back into the intestine by an unknown transporter.
Enzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Orotic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124870MetabolicMost urinary orotic acid is synthesized in the body, where it arises as an intermediate in the pathway for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. … Orotic acid (orotate) is classified as a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid.
Enzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Quinolinic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123249Metabolic, and 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase to form quinolinic acid. … Quinolinic acid is shown to have major neurotoxic effects on the brain by acting as an NMDA receptor agonist, causing excessive glutamate release and lipid peroxidation.
Drugs: Tryptophan · Quinolinic Acid · Kynurenine · Mesoheme · Flavin adenine dinucleotide · 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid +1 moreEnzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBATMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Uric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124845MetabolicUric acid can enter the blood and produce toxic effects on the cardiovascular, renal and joints, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and arthritis/ gout. … These undergo metabolism in the liver to form uric acid. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.