Flavin mononucleotide
Star0
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Flavin mononucleotide is a form of vitamin B2 used to restore riboflavin in anemia, migraine, alcoholism, and hyperhomocysteinemia.
- Brand Names
- Fortaplex, Infuvite, Infuvite Pediatric, Mvi Pediatric, Neo-bex, Photrexa
- Generic Name
- Flavin mononucleotide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB03247
- Background
A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 456.3438
Monoisotopic: 456.104614802 - Chemical Formula
- C17H21N4O9P
- Synonyms
- FMN
- riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
- riboflavin 5'-monophosphate
- riboflavin 5'-phosphate
- Riboflavin monophosphate
- Riboflavin phosphate
- Riboflavin-5-phosphate
- riboflavine dihydrogen phosphate
- Vitamin B2 (riboflavin-5-phosphate)
- Vitamin B2 phosphate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Iron deficiency anemia (ida) Combination Product in combination with: Ferrous gluconate (DB14488), Pyridoxine (DB00165), Thiamine (DB00152), Nicotinamide (DB02701) •••••••••••• ••••• Prophylaxis of Migraine ••• •••••• ••• ••• Used in combination to treat Vitamin b complex deficiency Combination Product in combination with: Nicotinamide (DB02701), Pyridoxine (DB00165), Ferrous gluconate (DB14488), Thiamine (DB00152) •••••••••••• ••••• Used in combination to prevent Vitamin deficiency •••••••••••• ••••••••• Used in combination to prevent Vitamin deficiency •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UFlavin reductase (NADPH) Not Available Humans U2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Not Available Humans UPyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase Not Available Humans UMajor NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase Not Available Vibrio fischeri URiboflavin kinase Not Available Humans UOxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UNitric oxide synthase 1 Not Available Humans UDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] Not Available Humans UDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial Not Available Humans UFlavodoxin Not Available Clostridium beijerinckii UOxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UChorismate synthase Not Available Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) U2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH] Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UDihydroorotate dehydrogenase A (fumarate) Not Available Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris UPyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UPentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase Not Available Enterobacter cloacae UFMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase Not Available Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720) UEpidermin decarboxylase Not Available Staphylococcus epidermidis UFMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UChorismate synthase Not Available Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695) UFlavodoxin Not Available Nostoc sp. (strain PCC 7120 / UTEX 2576) UFlavodoxin Not Available Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / NCIMB 8303) UFlavodoxin Not Available Synechococcus elongatus (strain PCC 7942) UUncharacterized protein Not Available Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159) UPutative monooxygenase MoxC Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UtRNA-dihydrouridine synthase Not Available Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099) UProtein NrdI Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UProbable UbiX-like flavin prenyltransferase Not Available Escherichia coli O157:H7 U(S)-mandelate dehydrogenase Not Available Pseudomonas putida UFMN-dependent NADPH-azoreductase Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UFlavodoxin Not Available Helicobacter pylori (strain J99 / ATCC 700824) USerine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 Not Available Humans UOxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase Not Available Enterobacter cloacae UNitric oxide reductase Not Available Moorella thermoacetica (strain ATCC 39073) UIsopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase Not Available Thermus thermophilus (strain HB27 / ATCC BAA-163 / DSM 7039) UTrimethylamine dehydrogenase Not Available Methylophilus methylotrophus URubredoxin-oxygen oxidoreductase Not Available Desulfovibrio gigas URiboflavin biosynthesis protein Not Available Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099) UMorphinone reductase Not Available Pseudomonas putida UNADPH-flavin oxidoreductase Not Available Vibrio harveyi URibosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 Not Available Humans UPhenazine biosynthesis protein PhzG Not Available Pseudomonas fluorescens U2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Not Available Humans UNAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) Not Available Deinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422) UFlavodoxin-1 Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UIsopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase Not Available Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) UNADH dehydrogenase Not Available Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579) UFMN-binding protein Not Available Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Miyazaki F / DSM 19637) UNitroreductase family protein Not Available Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31) UNADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase Not Available Humans UPhosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase Not Available Humans UPhenazine biosynthesis protein Not Available Pseudomonas aeruginosa UFerredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase 2 Not Available Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803 / Kazusa) - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may reduce the absorption of FMN.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium anhydrous 957E53WV42 130-40-5 OHSHFZJLPYLRIP-BMZHGHOISA-M Riboflavin sodium phosphate Not Available 130-40-5 Not applicable Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate 20RD1DZH99 6184-17-4 LQVGUKOCMOKKJU-QPVGXXQTSA-M - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Riboflavin unknown TLM2976OFR 83-88-5 AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Photrexa Solution / drops 1.46 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Glaukos Corporation 2016-04-15 2022-10-01 US Photrexa Viscous Solution / drops 1.56 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Glaukos Corporation 2016-04-15 2022-10-01 US Riboflavin Inj 50mg/ml Solution 50 mg / mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Kripps Pharmacy Ltd. 1979-12-31 Not applicable Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Adult Infuvite Multiple Vitamins Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (3.6 mg/10mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/10mL) + Biotin (60 ug/10mL) + Cholecalciferol (200 [iU]/10mL) + Cyanocobalamin (5 ug/10mL) + Dexpanthenol (15 mg/10mL) + Folic acid (600 ug/10mL) + Nicotinamide (40 mg/10mL) + Phylloquinone (150 ug/10mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (3300 [iU]/10mL) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 [iU]/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Sandoz S.P.A. 2003-06-16 Not applicable US Adult Infuvite Multiple Vitamins Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (3.6 mg/10mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/10mL) + Biotin (60 ug/10mL) + Cholecalciferol (200 [iU]/10mL) + Cyanocobalamin (5 ug/10mL) + Dexpanthenol (15 mg/10mL) + Folic acid (600 ug/10mL) + Nicotinamide (40 mg/10mL) + Phylloquinone (150 ug/10mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (3300 [iU]/10mL) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 [iU]/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Sandoz S.P.A. 2005-05-18 Not applicable US Adult Infuvite Multiple Vitamins Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (3.6 mg/10mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/10mL) + Biotin (60 ug/10mL) + Cholecalciferol (200 [iU]/10mL) + Cyanocobalamin (5 ug/10mL) + Dexpanthenol (15 mg/10mL) + Folic acid (600 ug/10mL) + Nicotinamide (40 mg/10mL) + Phylloquinone (150 ug/10mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (3300 [iU]/10mL) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 [iU]/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Sandoz S.P.A. 2005-05-18 Not applicable US Adult Infuvite Multiple Vitamins Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (3.6 mg/10mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/10mL) + Biotin (60 ug/10mL) + Cholecalciferol (200 [iU]/10mL) + Cyanocobalamin (5 ug/10mL) + Dexpanthenol (15 mg/10mL) + Folic acid (600 ug/10mL) + Nicotinamide (40 mg/10mL) + Phylloquinone (150 ug/10mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (6 mg/10mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (3300 [iU]/10mL) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 [iU]/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Sandoz S.P.A. 2003-06-16 Not applicable US Alsimine W Vitamins A D Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (2 mg / amp) + Calcium glycerophosphate (13 mg / amp) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg / amp) + Dexpanthenol (5 mg / amp) + Dexpanthenol (400 unit / amp) + Ferrous gluconate (16 mg / amp) + Nicotinamide (40 mg / amp) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg / amp) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4.5 mg / amp) + Vitamin A (10000 unit / amp) Capsule; Liquid Oral Alsi Cie Ltee 1978-12-31 2003-05-21 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image B-plex 100 Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (2 mg/1mL) + Dexpanthenol (2 mg/1mL) + Nicotinamide (100 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2 mg/1mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (100 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Merit Pharmaceutical 2012-01-01 2024-07-05 US BumP DHA Flavin mononucleotide (2 mg/1) + Cobamamide (500 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (1 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (125 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (250 ug/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Zinc glycinate (15 1/1) Capsule Oral Centurion Labs 2017-03-24 2017-04-17 US Floriva Plus Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (0.6 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (32 mg/1mL) + Biotin (3 ug/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1mL) + Cyanocobalamin (2 ug/1mL) + Levomefolate glucosamine (29.7 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (2 mg/1mL) + Pantothenic acid (1 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/1mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.25 mg/1mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A acetate (1150 [iU]/1mL) + Vitamin E (5 [iU]/1mL) Solution / drops Oral BonGeo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016-06-20 2020-01-21 US Multi Vitamin and Fluoride Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (0.6 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (35 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1mL) + Cyanocobalamin (2 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (8 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/1mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.25 mg/1mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (1500 [iU]/1mL) + Vitamin E (5 [iU]/1mL) Solution / drops Oral Mayne Pharma Inc. 2011-05-21 2019-10-31 US Multi Vitamin and Fluoride Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (0.6 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (35 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1mL) + Cyanocobalamin (2 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (8 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/1mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.5 mg/1mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A palmitate (1500 [iU]/1mL) + Vitamin E (5 [iU]/1mL) Solution / drops Oral Mayne Pharma Inc. 2011-05-21 2019-10-31 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
- Class
- Flavin nucleotides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Flavin nucleotides
- Alternative Parents
- Flavins / Quinoxalines / Pyrimidones / Monoalkyl phosphates / Pyrazines / Benzenoids / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Secondary alcohols / Lactams show 6 more
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Alkyl phosphate / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Diazanaphthalene / Flavin / Flavin nucleotide / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative show 20 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- flavin mononucleotide (CHEBI:17621)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 7N464URE7E
- CAS number
- 146-17-8
- InChI Key
- FVTCRASFADXXNN-SCRDCRAPSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H21N4O9P/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(15-13(18-9)16(25)20-17(26)19-15)5-11(22)14(24)12(23)6-30-31(27,28)29/h3-4,11-12,14,22-24H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,25,26)(H2,27,28,29)/t11-,12+,14-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- {[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy}phosphonic acid
- SMILES
- CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0001520
- KEGG Compound
- C00061
- PubChem Compound
- 643976
- PubChem Substance
- 46507603
- ChemSpider
- 559060
- BindingDB
- 50421345
- ChEBI
- 17621
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201794
- ZINC
- ZINC000003831425
- PDBe Ligand
- FMN
- Wikipedia
- Flavin_mononucleotide
- PDB Entries
- 1ag9 / 1ahn / 1akq / 1akr / 1akt / 1aku / 1akv / 1akw / 1al7 / 1al8 … show 1761 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Keratoconus 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Keratoconus / Keratoconus, Unstable 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Terminated Treatment Myocardial Stunning 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Unknown Status Treatment Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Completed Treatment Appetite; Lack or Loss, Nonorganic Origin 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule; liquid Oral Tablet, coated Powder, for solution Intravenous Granule Oral Granule, effervescent Oral Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular Injection, solution Intramuscular Suppository Rectal Capsule Oral Injection, powder, for solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous Powder Oral Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection Intramuscular Tablet Oral Elixir Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral Injection, solution, concentrate; kit Intravenous Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous Kit Intravenous Solution / drops Oral Liquid Oral Solution Intravenous Solution Oral Liquid Intravenous Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Powder Syrup Oral Injection, solution; kit Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1.46 mg/1mL Kit Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1.56 mg/1mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 50 mg / mL Tablet Oral 200.00 mg Liquid; tablet Oral Powder, for solution Oral Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection Intravenous Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.668 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.78 ALOGPS logP -1 Chemaxon logS -2.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 1.5 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.31 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 11 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 6 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 201.58 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 107.14 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 42.19 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.9125 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.7057 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6779 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7661 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7188 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9704 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9373 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7163 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.821 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.523 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.6006 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8359 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8907 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6667 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7421 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8922 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.716 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8096 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9737 Rat acute toxicity 2.4314 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9468 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.584
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 219.5184894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 221.2389894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 219.1865894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 220.8647894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 185.859 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 217.5823894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 218.5692894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 215.5575894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 217.0184894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 188.25455 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 217.0201894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 218.1843894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 214.9935894 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 195.0179 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
1. DetailsFlavin reductase (NADPH)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Enzyme that can both act as a NAD(P)H-dependent reductase and a S-nitroso-CoA-dependent nitrosyltransferase (PubMed:10620517, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:27207795, PubMed:38056462, PubMed:7929092). Promotes fetal heme degradation during development (PubMed:10858451, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:7929092). Also expressed in adult tissues, where it acts as a regulator of hematopoiesis, intermediary metabolism (glutaminolysis, glycolysis, TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway) and insulin signaling (PubMed:27207795, PubMed:29500232, PubMed:38056462). Has a broad specificity oxidoreductase activity by catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) (PubMed:10620517, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:7929092). Contributes to fetal heme catabolism by catalyzing reduction of biliverdin IXbeta into bilirubin IXbeta in the liver (PubMed:10858451, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:7929092). Biliverdin IXbeta, which constitutes the major heme catabolite in the fetus is not present in adult (PubMed:10858451, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:7929092). Does not reduce bilirubin IXalpha (PubMed:10858451, PubMed:18241201, PubMed:7929092). Can also reduce the complexed Fe(3+) iron to Fe(2+) in the presence of FMN and NADPH (PubMed:10620517). Acts as a protein nitrosyltransferase by catalyzing nitrosylation of cysteine residues of target proteins, such as HMOX2, INSR and IRS1 (PubMed:38056462). S-nitroso-CoA-dependent nitrosyltransferase activity is mediated via 'ping-pong' mechanism: BLVRB first associates with both S-nitroso-CoA and protein substrate, nitric oxide group is then transferred from S-nitroso-CoA to Cys-109 and Cys-188 residues of BLVRB and from S-nitroso-BLVRB to the protein substrate (PubMed:38056462). Inhibits insulin signaling by mediating nitrosylation of INSR and IRS1, leading to their inhibition (PubMed:38056462)
- Specific Function
- biliberdin reductase NAD+ activity
- Gene Name
- BLVRB
- Uniprot ID
- P30043
- Uniprot Name
- Flavin reductase (NADPH)
- Molecular Weight
- 22119.215 Da
References
2. Details2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Broad substrate specificity (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase that preferentially oxidizes glycolate (PubMed:10777549, PubMed:10978532, PubMed:17669354, PubMed:18215067). The glyoxylate produced by the oxidation of glycolate can then be utilized by alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase for the peroxisomal synthesis of glycine; this pathway appears to be an important step for the detoxification of glyoxylate which, if allowed to accumulate, may be metabolized to oxalate with formation of kidney stones (PubMed:10978532, PubMed:17669354). Can also catalyze the oxidation of glyoxylate, and long chain hydroxyacids such as 2-hydroxyhexadecanoate and 2-hydroxyoctanoate, albeit with much lower catalytic efficiency (PubMed:10777549, PubMed:17669354, PubMed:18215067). Active in vitro with the artificial electron acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), but O2 is believed to be the physiological electron acceptor, leading to the production of H2O2 (PubMed:10777549, PubMed:10978532, PubMed:17669354, PubMed:18215067). Is not active on L-lactate and 2-hydroxybutanoate (PubMed:10777549)
- Specific Function
- (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity
- Gene Name
- HAO1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UJM8
- Uniprot Name
- 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 40923.945 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
3. DetailsPyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- PNPO
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NVS9
- Uniprot Name
- Pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 29987.79 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
4. DetailsMajor NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Vibrio fischeri
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in bioluminescence. It is a good supplier of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) to the bioluminescence reaction. Major FMN reductase. It is capable of using both NADH and NADPH as electron donors. As electron acceptor, FMN is the most effective, FAD is considerably effective, and riboflavin is the least effective.
- Specific Function
- oxidoreductase activity
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P46072
- Uniprot Name
- Major NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 24720.685 Da
References
5. DetailsRiboflavin kinase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN), hence rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of FAD. Essential for TNF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Through its interaction with both TNFRSF1A and CYBA, physically and functionally couples TNFRSF1A to NADPH oxidase. TNF-activation of RFK may enhance the incorporation of FAD in NADPH oxidase, a critical step for the assembly and activation of NADPH oxidase
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- RFK
- Uniprot ID
- Q969G6
- Uniprot Name
- Riboflavin kinase
- Molecular Weight
- 17623.08 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
6. DetailsOxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds using NADPH. Has a broad electron acceptor specificity. Reduces nitrofurazone by a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism possibly to generate a two-electron transfer product. Major oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase in E.coli.
- Specific Function
- chromate reductase activity
- Gene Name
- nfsA
- Uniprot ID
- P17117
- Uniprot Name
- Oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 26800.375 Da
References
7. DetailsNitric oxide synthase 1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR
- Specific Function
- arginine binding
- Gene Name
- NOS1
- Uniprot ID
- P29475
- Uniprot Name
- Nitric oxide synthase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 160969.095 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
8. DetailsDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.
- Specific Function
- dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
- Gene Name
- pyrD
- Uniprot ID
- P0A7E1
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)
- Molecular Weight
- 36774.185 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in pyrimidine base degradation (PubMed:1512248). Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine (PubMed:1512248). Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (PubMed:1512248)
- Specific Function
- 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- DPYD
- Uniprot ID
- Q12882
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
- Molecular Weight
- 111400.32 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor. Required for UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway
- Specific Function
- dihydroorotase activity
- Gene Name
- DHODH
- Uniprot ID
- Q02127
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial
- Molecular Weight
- 42866.93 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
11. DetailsFlavodoxin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Clostridium beijerinckii
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P00322
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin
- Molecular Weight
- 15332.225 Da
References
12. DetailsOxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds using NADH (and to lesser extent NADPH) as source of reducing equivalents; two electrons are transferred. Capable of reducing nitrofurazone, quinones and the anti-tumor agent CB1954 (5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide). The reduction of CB1954 results in the generation of cytotoxic species.
- Specific Function
- 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase activity
- Gene Name
- nfsB
- Uniprot ID
- P38489
- Uniprot Name
- Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 23904.99 Da
References
13. DetailsChorismate synthase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system.
- Specific Function
- chorismate synthase activity
- Gene Name
- aroC
- Uniprot ID
- P0A2Y7
- Uniprot Name
- Chorismate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 42871.475 Da
References
14. Details2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Functions as an auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds at even carbon positions. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond of the acyl chain of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to yield 2-trans-enoyl-CoA (PubMed:6363415, PubMed:9346310). Acts on both isomers, 2-trans,4-cis- and 2-trans,4-trans-decadienoyl-CoA, with almost equal efficiency (PubMed:6363415). Is not active with NADH instead of NADPH (PubMed:6363415). Does not show cis->trans isomerase activity (PubMed:10933894).
- Specific Function
- 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
- Gene Name
- fadH
- Uniprot ID
- P42593
- Uniprot Name
- 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH]
- Molecular Weight
- 72677.545 Da
References
15. DetailsDihydroorotate dehydrogenase A (fumarate)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with fumarate as the electron acceptor.
- Specific Function
- dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity
- Gene Name
- pyrDA
- Uniprot ID
- Q53ZE5
- Uniprot Name
- Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase A (fumarate)
- Molecular Weight
- 34209.99 Da
References
16. DetailsPyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP).
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- pdxH
- Uniprot ID
- P0AFI7
- Uniprot Name
- Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
- Molecular Weight
- 25544.975 Da
References
17. DetailsPentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- onr
- Uniprot ID
- P71278
- Uniprot Name
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 39488.93 Da
18. DetailsFMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Quinone reductase that provides resistance to thiol-specific stress caused by electrophilic quinones.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- azoR
- Uniprot ID
- P63462
- Uniprot Name
- FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21627.63 Da
19. DetailsEpidermin decarboxylase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the removal of two reducing equivalents (oxidative decarboxylation) from the cysteine residue of the C-terminal meso-lanthionine of epidermin to form a --C==C-- double bond.
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- epiD
- Uniprot ID
- P30197
- Uniprot Name
- Epidermin decarboxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 20824.89 Da
20. DetailsFMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Quinone reductase that provides resistance to thiol-specific stress caused by electrophilic quinones. Can reduce several benzo-, naphtho-, and anthraquinone compounds.
- Specific Function
- azobenzene reductase activity
- Gene Name
- azoR
- Uniprot ID
- P41407
- Uniprot Name
- FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 21657.47 Da
21. DetailsChorismate synthase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system.
- Specific Function
- chorismate synthase activity
- Gene Name
- aroC
- Uniprot ID
- P56122
- Uniprot Name
- Chorismate synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 40099.6 Da
22. DetailsFlavodoxin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Nostoc sp. (strain PCC 7120 / UTEX 2576)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- isiB
- Uniprot ID
- P0A3D9
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin
- Molecular Weight
- 18963.675 Da
23. DetailsFlavodoxin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough / ATCC 29579 / NCIMB 8303)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P00323
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin
- Molecular Weight
- 15823.215 Da
24. DetailsFlavodoxin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Synechococcus elongatus (strain PCC 7942)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- isiB
- Uniprot ID
- P10340
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin
- Molecular Weight
- 18777.495 Da
25. DetailsUncharacterized protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- nucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q8DW21
- Uniprot Name
- Uncharacterized protein
- Molecular Weight
- 22384.165 Da
26. DetailsPutative monooxygenase MoxC
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in a cysteine salvage pathway from S-alkylcysteine. Catalyzes the C-S bond cleavage in N-acetyl-S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide leading to N-acetyl-S-hydroxy-L-cysteine and benzaldehyde. This pathway is likely important in the catabolism of alkylated cysteine generated by proteolysis of alkylated glutathione formed in the detoxification of a wide range of electrophiles. Has much less efficient activity with N-acetyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide as substrate. Cannot use S-alkylated L-cysteine sulfones and ketone analogs as substrates, demonstrating that the sulfoxide is required for activity.
- Specific Function
- monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- moxC
- Uniprot ID
- O34974
- Uniprot Name
- Putative monooxygenase MoxC
- Molecular Weight
- 49410.955 Da
27. DetailstRNA-dihydrouridine synthase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines.
- Specific Function
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q9WXV1
- Uniprot Name
- tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase
- Molecular Weight
- 35149.495 Da
28. DetailsProtein NrdI
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Probably involved in ribonucleotide reductase function.
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- nrdI
- Uniprot ID
- P50618
- Uniprot Name
- Protein NrdI
- Molecular Weight
- 14602.575 Da
29. DetailsProbable UbiX-like flavin prenyltransferase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli O157:H7
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the non-oxidative decarboxylation and detoxification of phenolic derivatives under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (PubMed:15979273). Flavin prenyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of the prenylated FMN cofactor (prenyl-FMN) for phenolic acid decarboxylase (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- carboxy-lyase activity
- Gene Name
- ecdB
- Uniprot ID
- P69772
- Uniprot Name
- Probable UbiX-like flavin prenyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 21469.72 Da
30. Details(S)-mandelate dehydrogenase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of (S)-mandelate to phenylglyoxylate (benzoylformate) (PubMed:10493804, PubMed:19465768). Is likely involved in the utilization of mandelate as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth (Probable). Active in vitro with the artificial electron acceptors 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) or ferricyanide, but in vivo most likely transfer the electron pair from the reduced flavin to a component of the electron transport chain in the membrane, possibly a quinone (PubMed:10493804, PubMed:19465768). Shows very low activity with oxygen as the electron acceptor, and also with 3-indolelactate and medium chain 2-hydroxyacids as substrates (PubMed:10493804, PubMed:19465768).
- Specific Function
- (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity
- Gene Name
- mdlB
- Uniprot ID
- P20932
- Uniprot Name
- (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 43436.53 Da
31. DetailsFMN-dependent NADPH-azoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the reductive cleavage of azo bond in aromatic azo compounds to the corresponding amines. Requires NADPH, but not NADH, as an electron donor for its activity.
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- azr
- Uniprot ID
- O07529
- Uniprot Name
- FMN-dependent NADPH-azoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 18903.755 Da
32. DetailsFlavodoxin
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Helicobacter pylori (strain J99 / ATCC 700824)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes.
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- fldA
- Uniprot ID
- Q9ZK53
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin
- Molecular Weight
- 17473.305 Da
33. DetailsSerine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na(+) retention, renal K(+) elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation. Up-regulates Na(+) channels: SCNN1A/ENAC, SCN5A and ASIC1/ACCN2, K(+) channels: KCNJ1/ROMK1, KCNA1-5, KCNQ1-5 and KCNE1, epithelial Ca(2+) channels: TRPV5 and TRPV6, chloride channels: BSND, CLCN2 and CFTR, glutamate transporters: SLC1A3/EAAT1, SLC1A2 /EAAT2, SLC1A1/EAAT3, SLC1A6/EAAT4 and SLC1A7/EAAT5, amino acid transporters: SLC1A5/ASCT2, SLC38A1/SN1 and SLC6A19, creatine transporter: SLC6A8, Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter: SLC13A2/NADC1, Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter: SLC34A2/NAPI-2B, glutamate receptor: GRIK2/GLUR6. Up-regulates carriers: SLC9A3/NHE3, SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A3/NCC, SLC5A3/SMIT, SLC2A1/GLUT1, SLC5A1/SGLT1 and SLC15A2/PEPT2. Regulates enzymes: GSK3A/B, PMM2 and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and transcription factors: CTNNB1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B. Stimulates sodium transport into epithelial cells by enhancing the stability and expression of SCNN1A/ENAC. This is achieved by phosphorylating the NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, thereby preventing it from binding to SCNN1A/ENAC and targeting it for degradation. Regulates store-operated Ca(+2) entry (SOCE) by stimulating ORAI1 and STIM1. Regulates KCNJ1/ROMK1 directly via its phosphorylation or indirectly via increased interaction with SLC9A3R2/NHERF2. Phosphorylates MDM2 and activates MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU and mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. Phosphorylates SLC2A4/GLUT4 and up-regulates its activity. Phosphorylates APBB1/FE65 and promotes its localization to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAPK1/ERK2 and activates it by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Phosphorylates FBXW7 and plays an inhibitory role in the NOTCH1 signaling. Phosphorylates FOXO1 resulting in its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylates FOXO3, promoting its exit from the nucleus and interference with FOXO3-dependent transcription. Phosphorylates BRAF and MAP3K3/MEKK3 and inhibits their activity. Phosphorylates SLC9A3/NHE3 in response to dexamethasone, resulting in its activation and increased localization at the cell membrane. Phosphorylates CREB1. Necessary for vascular remodeling during angiogenesis. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of SCNN1A/ENAC and Na(+) transport than isoform 1
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- SGK1
- Uniprot ID
- O00141
- Uniprot Name
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1
- Molecular Weight
- 48941.96 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
34. DetailsOxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds using NADH (and to lesser extent NADPH) as source of reducing equivalents; two electrons are transferred.
- Specific Function
- oxidoreductase activity
- Gene Name
- nfsB
- Uniprot ID
- Q01234
- Uniprot Name
- Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 23949.98 Da
35. DetailsNitric oxide reductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Moorella thermoacetica (strain ATCC 39073)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Has nitric oxide reductase activity in combination with Hrb; probably involved in nitrosative stress protection.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- fprA
- Uniprot ID
- Q9FDN7
- Uniprot Name
- Nitric oxide reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 44296.64 Da
36. DetailsIsopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermus thermophilus (strain HB27 / ATCC BAA-163 / DSM 7039)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- fni
- Uniprot ID
- Q746I8
- Uniprot Name
- Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 35900.305 Da
37. DetailsTrimethylamine dehydrogenase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Methylophilus methylotrophus
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
- Gene Name
- tmd
- Uniprot ID
- P16099
- Uniprot Name
- Trimethylamine dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 81628.615 Da
38. DetailsRubredoxin-oxygen oxidoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Desulfovibrio gigas
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the four-electron reduction of one oxygen molecule to two water molecules.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- roo
- Uniprot ID
- Q9F0J6
- Uniprot Name
- Rubredoxin-oxygen oxidoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 44796.045 Da
39. DetailsRiboflavin biosynthesis protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q9WZW1
- Uniprot Name
- Riboflavin biosynthesis protein
- Molecular Weight
- 33613.56 Da
40. DetailsMorphinone reductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- morB
- Uniprot ID
- Q51990
- Uniprot Name
- Morphinone reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 41249.71 Da
41. DetailsNADPH-flavin oxidoreductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Vibrio harveyi
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of FMN to FMNH(2). Involved in bioluminescence by providing FMNH(2) to luciferase.
- Specific Function
- FMN reductase (NAD(P)H) activity
- Gene Name
- frp
- Uniprot ID
- Q56691
- Uniprot Name
- NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase
- Molecular Weight
- 26309.475 Da
42. DetailsRibosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase that is required for the mitogen or stress-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB1 and ATF1 and for the regulation of the transcription factor RELA, and that contributes to gene activation by histone phosphorylation and functions in the regulation of inflammatory genes. Phosphorylates CREB1 and ATF1 in response to mitogenic or stress stimuli such as UV-C irradiation, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and anisomycin. Plays an essential role in the control of RELA transcriptional activity in response to TNF. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 in response to mitogenics, stress stimuli and EGF, which results in the transcriptional activation of several immediate early genes, including proto-oncogenes c-fos/FOS and c-jun/JUN. May also phosphorylate 'Ser-28' of histone H3. Mediates the mitogen- and stress-induced phosphorylation of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGN1/HMG14). In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary macrophages, acts downstream of the Toll-like receptor TLR4 to limit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functions probably by inducing transcription of the MAP kinase phosphatase DUSP1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10), via CREB1 and ATF1 transcription factors
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- RPS6KA4
- Uniprot ID
- O75676
- Uniprot Name
- Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4
- Molecular Weight
- 85605.025 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
43. DetailsPhenazine biosynthesis protein PhzG
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic phenazine, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecule having important roles in virulence, competition and biological control (PubMed:23897464, PubMed:9573209). Catalyzes several oxidations in the terminal steps of core phenazine biosynthesis. It oxidizes both hexahydrophenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (HHPDC) and tetrahydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid (THPCA) and thereby contributes to the generation of both phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). It synthesizes phenazines in their reduced form, which are the likely end products in vivo (PubMed:23897464).
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- phzG
- Uniprot ID
- Q51793
- Uniprot Name
- Phenazine biosynthesis protein PhzG
- Molecular Weight
- 24934.955 Da
44. Details2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 2
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of medium and long chain hydroxyacids such as 2-hydroxyhexadecanoate and 2-hydroxyoctanoate, to the correspondong 2-oxoacids (PubMed:10777549). Its role in the oxidation of 2-hydroxy fatty acids may contribute to the general pathway of fatty acid alpha-oxidation (Probable). Active in vitro with the artificial electron acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), but O2 is believed to be the physiological electron acceptor, leading to the production of H2O2. Is not active on glycolate, glyoxylate, L-lactate and 2-hydroxybutanoate (PubMed:10777549)
- Specific Function
- (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity
- Gene Name
- HAO2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NYQ3
- Uniprot Name
- 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 38838.35 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
45. DetailsNAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Deinococcus radiodurans (strain ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539 / JCM 16871 / LMG 4051 / NBRC 15346 / NCIMB 9279 / R1 / VKM B-1422)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q9RYU4
- Uniprot Name
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
- Molecular Weight
- 21297.875 Da
46. DetailsFlavodoxin-1
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes (Potential). Involved in the reactivation of inactive cob(II)alamin in methionine synthase.
- Specific Function
- electron transfer activity
- Gene Name
- fldA
- Uniprot ID
- P61949
- Uniprot Name
- Flavodoxin-1
- Molecular Weight
- 19736.735 Da
47. DetailsIsopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Catalyzes the 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl (IPP) to its allylic isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP).
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- fni
- Uniprot ID
- P50740
- Uniprot Name
- Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase
- Molecular Weight
- 37220.19 Da
48. DetailsNADH dehydrogenase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Can oxidize either NADH or NADPH with a preference for NADH. Can catalyze electron transfer from NADH to various electron acceptors which include, in addition to molecular oxygen, cytochrome c, 2,6 dichlorphenolindophenol, methylene blue, ferricyanide or P-nitroblue tetrazolium.
- Specific Function
- NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
- Gene Name
- nox
- Uniprot ID
- Q60049
- Uniprot Name
- NADH dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 22730.15 Da
49. DetailsFMN-binding protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Miyazaki F / DSM 19637)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Functions as a redox protein with a potential of -325 mV.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q46604
- Uniprot Name
- FMN-binding protein
- Molecular Weight
- 13137.025 Da
50. DetailsNitroreductase family protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Bacillus cereus (strain ATCC 14579 / DSM 31)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- nucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q81EW9
- Uniprot Name
- Nitroreductase family protein
- Molecular Weight
- 22822.865 Da
51. DetailsNADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5
- Specific Function
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- POR
- Uniprot ID
- P16435
- Uniprot Name
- NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 76689.12 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
52. DetailsPhosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Catalyzes the decarboxylation of the cysteine moiety of 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to form 4'-phosphopantotheine and this reaction forms part of the biosynthesis of coenzyme A
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- PPCDC
- Uniprot ID
- Q96CD2
- Uniprot Name
- Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
- Molecular Weight
- 22394.965 Da
References
- Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [Article]
53. DetailsPhenazine biosynthesis protein
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- FMN binding
- Gene Name
- phzG
- Uniprot ID
- O69755
- Uniprot Name
- Phenazine biosynthesis protein
- Molecular Weight
- 24268.005 Da
54. DetailsFerredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase 2
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803 / Kazusa)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- 3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
- Gene Name
- gltS
- Uniprot ID
- P55038
- Uniprot Name
- Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 169497.705 Da
Enzymes
1. DetailsNADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5
- Specific Function
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
- Gene Name
- POR
- Uniprot ID
- P16435
- Uniprot Name
- NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
- Molecular Weight
- 76689.12 Da
References
- Narayanasami R, Horowitz PM, Masters BS: Flavin-binding and protein structural integrity studies on NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase are consistent with the presence of distinct domains. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):267-74. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1037. [Article]
- Makovec T, Breskvar K: Purification and characterization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from filamentous fungus Rhizopus nigricans. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Sep 15;357(2):310-6. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0824. [Article]
- Wang M, Roberts DL, Paschke R, Shea TM, Masters BS, Kim JJ: Three-dimensional structure of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase: prototype for FMN- and FAD-containing enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 5;94(16):8411-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8411. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 29, 2024 18:19