Identification
- Summary
Perflutren is a diagnostic medication to improve contrast during echocardiograms.
- Brand Names
- Definity, Luminity, Optison
- Generic Name
- Perflutren
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00556
- Background
Perflutren, a diagnostic drug that is intended to be used for contrast enhancement during the indicated echocardiographic procedures, is comprised of lipid-coated microspheres filled with octafluoropropane(OFP) gas. When exposed to ultrasound waves, the microspheres resonate and "echo" strong signals back to the ultrasound machine. The difference in density between the gas-filled bubbles and the blood around them creates an increased level of contrast visible in the resulting ultrasound image. During echocardiography, activated Perflutren enhances images of the inner edges or borders of the heart, producing an improved image that may enable physicians to better diagnose patients.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Perflutren (DB00556)
- Weight
- Average: 188.0193
Monoisotopic: 187.98722564 - Chemical Formula
- C3F8
- Synonyms
- 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3-octafluoropropane
- Freon 218
- Octafluoropropane
- Octafluorpropan
- Oktafluorpropan
- Perfluoropropane
- Perflutren
- Perflutreno
- External IDs
- DMP 115
- DMP-115
- FC 218
- FS-069
- FS069
- MRX-115
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as an ultrasound contrast imaging in cardiology and radiology.
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Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Perflutren, a diagnostic drug that is intended to be used for contrast enhancement during the indicated echocardiographic procedures, comprised of lipid-coated microspheres filled with octafluoropropane(OFP) gas. It provide contrast enhancement of the endocardial borders during echocardiography. The perflutren lipid microspheres exhibit lower acoustic impedance than blood and enhance the intrinsic backscatter of blood.
- Mechanism of action
Perflutren is comprised of gas-filled microspheres that are injected or infused into the body. When exposed to ultrasound waves, the microspheres resonate and "echo" strong signals back to the ultrasound machine. The difference in density between the gas-filled bubbles and the blood around them creates an increased level of contrast visible in the resulting ultrasound image. During echocardiography, activated Perflutren enhances images of the inner edges or borders of the heart, producing an improved image that may enable physicians to better diagnose patients.
- Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
OFP is not metabolized. The phospholipid components of the microspheres are thought to be metabolized to free fatty acids.
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
The mean half-life of OFP in blood 1.9 minutes
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
There is new temporal evidence that perflutren may be associated with new-onset seizure activity following perflutren microbubble contrast injection during dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography. [PMID: 23432576]
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcrivastine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Acrivastine is combined with Perflutren. Adenosine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Perflutren is combined with Adenosine. Ajmaline The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Ajmaline is combined with Perflutren. Alfuzosin The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Alfuzosin is combined with Perflutren. Alimemazine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Alimemazine is combined with Perflutren. Amantadine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Amantadine is combined with Perflutren. Amifampridine The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Perflutren is combined with Amifampridine. Amiodarone The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Perflutren is combined with Amiodarone. Amisulpride The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Perflutren is combined with Amisulpride. Amitriptyline The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Amitriptyline is combined with Perflutren. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Optison
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Definity Injection, suspension 6.52 mg/1mL Intravenous Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. 2001-07-31 Not applicable US 
Definity Suspension 150 mcL / mL Intravenous Lantheus Mi Canada Inc 2002-02-16 Not applicable Canada 
Definity RT Injection, suspension 6.52 mg/1mL Intravenous Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc. 2020-10-01 Not applicable US Luminity Injection, solution 150 μl/ml Intravenous Lantheus Eu Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU 
Luminity Injection, solution 150 μl/ml Intravenous Lantheus Eu Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Optison 0.19 mg/ml Intravenous Ge Healthcare As 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU Optison 0.19 mg/ml Intravenous Ge Healthcare As 2020-12-21 Not applicable EU - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Optison Perflutren Protein-Type A Microspheres Perflutren (0.22 mg/1mL) + Human albumin microspheres (10 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intravenous GE Healthcare Inc. 2002-01-02 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Contrast Media
- Diagnostic Uses of Chemicals
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
- Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
- Microspheres
- Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Other Diagnostics
- Proteins
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Ultrasound Contrast Activity
- Ultrasound Contrast Media
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organofluorides. These are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organohalogen compounds
- Class
- Organofluorides
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Organofluorides
- Alternative Parents
- Hydrocarbon derivatives / Alkyl fluorides
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organofluoride
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- fluorocarbon (CHEBI:31980)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- CK0N3WH0SR
- CAS number
- 76-19-7
- InChI Key
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3F8/c4-1(5,2(6,7)8)3(9,10)11
- IUPAC Name
- octafluoropropane
- SMILES
- FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F
References
- Synthesis Reference
James L. Webster, Steven H. Swearingen, Douglas W. Bruhnke, Leo E. Manzer, Elrey L. McCann, "Synthesis of perfluoropropane." U.S. Patent US5220083, issued August, 1967.
US5220083- General References
- Quinones A, Benenstein R, Saric M: New-onset seizure after perflutren microbubble injection during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2013 Apr;30(4):E95-7. doi: 10.1111/echo.12149. Epub 2013 Feb 22. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Optison (perflutren protein-type A microspheres) suspension for intravenous injection [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014696
- KEGG Drug
- D01738
- PubChem Compound
- 6432
- PubChem Substance
- 46506030
- ChemSpider
- 6192
- 283753
- ChEBI
- 31980
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1663
- ZINC
- ZINC000008214651
- PharmGKB
- PA164781354
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Octafluoropropane
- FDA label
- Download (584 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (64 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Not Available Echocardiography 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Atrial Fibrillation 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Breast Cancer 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Kidney Transplantation 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Pulmonary Heart Disease 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Signs and Symptoms 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Ventricular Ejection Fraction 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Lantheus medical imaging inc
- Packagers
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
- Concorde Specialty Gases Inc.
- GE Healthcare Inc.
- Lantheus Medical Imaging Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, coated Oral 500 mg Injection, suspension Intravenous 6.52 mg/1mL Suspension Intravenous 150 mcL / mL Gas; injection, suspension Intravenous 150 mcL/ml Injection, solution Intravenous 150 μl/ml Injection, suspension Intravenous 150 mcL/ml Injection, solution Intravenous - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Optison vial 56.16USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6146657 No 2000-11-14 2009-12-22 US CA2256592 No 2010-06-01 2017-06-16 Canada CA2107466 No 2001-07-03 2012-03-18 Canada US6723303 No 2004-04-20 2021-04-20 US US6033645 No 2000-03-07 2016-06-19 US US8685441 No 2014-04-01 2019-01-13 US US8658205 No 2014-02-25 2019-04-20 US US9545457 No 2017-01-17 2019-01-13 US US9789210 No 2017-10-17 2037-03-16 US US10588988 No 2020-03-17 2037-05-04 US US10583207 No 2020-03-10 2035-12-28 US US10583208 No 2020-03-10 2037-03-16 US US10022460 No 2018-07-17 2035-12-28 US US11266750 No 2017-03-16 2037-03-16 US US11395856 No 2015-12-28 2035-12-28 US US11529431 No 2017-03-16 2037-03-16 US
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) -147.6 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) -36.6 °C PhysProp water solubility 5.7 mg/L (at 15 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP 3 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.146 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.96 ALOGPS logP 2.78 Chemaxon logS -3.1 ALOGPS Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon Refractivity 17.54 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 7.1 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9954 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9907 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6518 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8894 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9583 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9396 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9256 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.865 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.5549 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7591 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.6831 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8595 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9581 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8397 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9509 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9136 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9656 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.6661 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.944 Rat acute toxicity 1.6879 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9796 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9174
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (7.49 KB)
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 08, 2023 20:46