Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Generic Name
- Levopropoxyphene
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06793
- Background
Levopropoxyphene is a stereoisomer of propoxyphene in the form of 2S, 3R enantiomer. It was sold as an antitussive, but it was removed from the market in the 70s.3 Levopropoxyphene was developed by Lilly and FDA approved on March 21st, 1962. This drug presented different dosages and it was administered as a capsule or suspension.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Levopropoxyphene (DB06793)
- Weight
- Average: 339.479
Monoisotopic: 339.219829178 - Chemical Formula
- C22H29NO2
- Synonyms
- (-)-Propoxyphene
- (l)-Propoxyphene
- levopropoxifeno
- Levopropoxyphene
Pharmacology
- Indication
Levopropoxyphene was used as an antitussive. An antitussive is a medication often recommended for the treatment of cough and associated respiratory tract disorders.1 Its enantiomer, dextropropoxyphene, presents an analgesic effect.2
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism AMu-type opioid receptor modulatorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcetazolamide The therapeutic efficacy of Acetazolamide can be decreased when used in combination with Levopropoxyphene. Amifampridine The risk or severity of seizure can be increased when Levopropoxyphene is combined with Amifampridine. Amobarbital The therapeutic efficacy of Amobarbital can be decreased when used in combination with Levopropoxyphene. Brexanolone The therapeutic efficacy of Brexanolone can be decreased when used in combination with Levopropoxyphene. Brivaracetam The therapeutic efficacy of Brivaracetam can be decreased when used in combination with Levopropoxyphene. - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Levopropoxyphene napsylate anhydrous W7DQT6KY5S 5714-90-9 VZPXFHVJUUSVLH-VNJAQMQMSA-N
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
- Class
- Stilbenes
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Stilbenes
- Alternative Parents
- Phenylbutylamines / Benzyloxycarbonyls / Phenylpropanes / Aralkylamines / Trialkylamines / Carboxylic acid esters / Amino acids and derivatives / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides show 2 more
- Substituents
- Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzenoid / Benzyloxycarbonyl / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Hydrocarbon derivative show 13 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- U75VZ9PK1J
- CAS number
- 2338-37-6
- InChI Key
- XLMALTXPSGQGBX-PGRDOPGGSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C22H29NO2/c1-5-21(24)25-22(18(2)17-23(3)4,20-14-10-7-11-15-20)16-19-12-8-6-9-13-19/h6-15,18H,5,16-17H2,1-4H3/t18-,22+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R,3S)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-methyl-1,2-diphenylbutan-2-yl propanoate
- SMILES
- [H][C@](C)(CN(C)C)[C@@](CC1=CC=CC=C1)(OC(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
- Dicpinigaitis PV, Morice AH, Birring SS, McGarvey L, Smith JA, Canning BJ, Page CP: Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev. 2014 Mar 26;66(2):468-512. doi: 10.1124/pr.111.005116. Print 2014. [Article]
- de Vries EJ, Janssen DB: Biocatalytic conversion of epoxides. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2003 Aug;14(4):414-20. [Article]
- Tyrell J. (2014). Fundamentals of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley.
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 200742
- PubChem Substance
- 310264889
- ChemSpider
- 173777
- 6377
- ChEBI
- 51174
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1738990
- ZINC
- ZINC000001530767
- Wikipedia
- Levopropoxyphene
- MSDS
- Download (22.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 75-76ºC The Merck Index. 9th edition. (1976) water solubility 3.32 mg/L at 25ºC McFarland, and Raevsky O. Chem Inf Comput Sci. (2001) logP 4.11 EPA - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00419 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 4.06 ALOGPS logP 4.9 Chemaxon logS -4.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.52 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 29.54 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 9 Chemaxon Refractivity 102.88 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 38.92 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-3190000000-23a4e1c3e4e618c63c87 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-9120000000-f76f3d90103e0de058a4 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-9150000000-07d3369247f880b91798 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-006x-4980000000-2aa2d32e113bce505fb7 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-9140000000-cdacdd2543f8eb2c60b9 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0ufv-0690000000-6be347209ba89b1056b0 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 198.0436793 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 179.594 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 198.1223793 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 181.95201 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 188.56422 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin (PubMed:10529478, PubMed:12589820, PubMed:7891175, PubMed:7905839, PubMed:7957926, PubMed:9689128). Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone (PubMed:10529478, PubMed:10836142, PubMed:12589820, PubMed:19300905, PubMed:7891175, PubMed:7905839, PubMed:7957926, PubMed:9689128). Also activated by enkephalin peptides, such as Met-enkephalin or Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, with higher affinity for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (By similarity). Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors (PubMed:7905839). The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15 (PubMed:12068084). They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins (By similarity). The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4 (By similarity). Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization (By similarity). Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction (By similarity). The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins (By similarity). The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation (By similarity). Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling (By similarity). Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling (By similarity). Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling (By similarity). Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Beta-endorphin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- OPRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P35372
- Uniprot Name
- Mu-type opioid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44778.855 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Drug created at September 14, 2010 16:21 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:24