Belladonna
Identification
- Generic Name
- Belladonna
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB13913
- Background
Belladonna, also known as atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, and mostly, Atropine. These alkaloids are naturally-occurring muscarinic antagonists. Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that is mainly used as an adjunct for anaesthesia. The name "belladonna" originates from the Italian words "beautiful woman" and the historical use of herb eye-drops by women to dilate the pupils of the eyes for aesthetic purposes. Belladonna is a poisonous plant and belladonna intoxication from accidental ingestion may result in a severe anticholinergic syndrome, which is associated with both central and peripheral manifestations 1.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Approved, Experimental
- Synonyms
- Atropa belladona
- Atropa belladonna
- Deadly nightshade
Pharmacology
- Indication
No therapeutic indications.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
The active components of belladonna mediate anticholinergic actions. The main effects include inhibition of secretions such as dry mouth, tachycardia, pupillary dilation and paralysis of accommodation, relaxation of smooth muscles in the gut, bronchi, biliary tract and bladder (urinary retention), and inhibition of gastric acid secretion 3. Atropine is a stimulant of the central nervous system 3.
- Mechanism of action
The active components of belladonna act as competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors and block the binding of acetylcholine to the central nervous system and parasympathetic postganglionic muscarinic receptors 1.
- Absorption
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Volume of distribution
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Protein binding
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Metabolism
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Route of elimination
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Half-life
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Clearance
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Oral LD50 of atropine is 75 mg/kg in mouse. Clinical manifestations of anticholinergic syndrome include both central and peripheral effects. Central symptoms, which are dose-dependent and anticholinergic agent-specific, include ataxia, disorientation, short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, agitated delirium, seizures, coma, respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse 1. Peripheral effects include mydriasis with cycloplegia, dry mucous membranes, hyperreflexia, flushed skin, diminished bowel sounds or ileus, urinary retention, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension 1. Management of anticholinergic intoxication should be symptomatic including gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal 1. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is Physostigmine, which is the same as for atropine 1. Physosigmine crosses the blood-brain barrier and reversibly inhibits anticholinesterase. Benzodiazepines are frequently used for sedation to control anticholinergic effects including delirium and agitation 2.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Belladone Tct Tincture .03 % Oral Laboratoire Atlas Inc 1951-12-31 2006-06-14 Canada 
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image HE WEI PILL Pill 0.00045 g ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด ห้างขายยาลี้บ้วนซัว (ตราตกเบ็ด) 2010-07-09 Not applicable Thailand 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bellergal Spacetabs Belladonna (0.2 mg) + Ergotamine tartrate (0.6 mg) + Phenobarbital (40.0 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Paladin Labs Inc 1959-01-01 2018-06-05 Canada Bellergal Tab Belladonna (.1 mg / tab) + Ergotamine (.3 mg / tab) + Phenobarbital (20 mg / tab) Tablet Oral Sandoz 1951-12-31 1997-08-12 Canada BIOGASTRIN TOZ, 60 G Belladonna (20 mg) + Anise oil (5 mg) + Calcium carbonate (500 mg) + Kaolin (300 mg) + Sodium bicarbonate (250 mg) Oral BİOFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
Cafergot Pb Sup Belladonna (0.25 mg / sup) + Caffeine (100 mg / sup) + Ergotamine (2 mg / sup) + Pentobarbital (60 mg / sup) Suppository Rectal Novartis 1958-12-31 2003-01-15 Canada Cafergot Pb Tab Belladonna (0.125 mg / tab) + Caffeine (100 mg / tab) + Ergotamine (1 mg / tab) + Pentobarbital Sodium (30 mg / tab) Tablet Oral Novartis 1951-12-31 1999-08-04 Canada Hemorro-dol Sup Belladonna (11.25 mg) + Balsam of Peru (22.6 mg) + Benzocaine (50 mg) + Bismuth subcarbonate (86.4 mg) + Bismuth subnitrate (37.8 mg) + Boric acid (226.7 mg) + Ephedrine sulfate (2.5 mg) + Zinc oxide (226.7 mg) Suppository Rectal Produits Francais Labs Inc. 1981-12-31 1997-05-30 Canada Opium and Belladonna Sup Belladonna (15 mg) + Opium (65 mg) Suppository Rectal Smithkline Beecham Pharma Division Of Smithkline Beecham Inc 1993-12-31 1998-07-28 Canada PMS-opium and Belladona Sup Belladonna (15 mg) + Opium (65 mg) Suppository Rectal Pharmascience Inc 1991-12-31 2016-10-28 Canada Robol Tab Belladonna (5.4 mg / tab) + Alloin (16.2 mg / tab) + Ipecac (4.32 mg / tab) + Phenolphthalein (64.8 mg / tab) Tablet Oral Labs Anglo French 1979-12-31 1997-08-05 Canada Sandoz Opium & Belladonna Belladonna (15 mg) + Opium (65 mg) Suppository Rectal Sandoz Canada Incorporated 1991-12-31 2021-07-20 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1) Suppository Rectal bryant ranch prepack 1994-05-01 Not applicable US 
Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (60 mg/1) Suppository Rectal Legacy Pharma Inc. 2020-04-29 Not applicable US Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1) Suppository Rectal bryant ranch prepack 1994-05-01 Not applicable US Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1) Suppository Rectal Paddock Laboratories, LLC 1994-05-01 Not applicable US Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1) Suppository Rectal Legacy Pharma Inc. 2020-04-29 Not applicable US Belladonna and Opium Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (60 mg/1) Suppository Rectal Paddock Laboratories, LLC 1997-04-22 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 6GZW20TIOI
- CAS number
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Berdai MA, Labib S, Chetouani K, Harandou M: Atropa belladonna intoxication: a case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;11:72. Epub 2012 Apr 17. [Article]
- Demirhan A, Tekelioglu UY, Yildiz I, Korkmaz T, Bilgi M, Akkaya A, Kocoglu H: Anticholinergic Toxic Syndrome Caused by Atropa Belladonna Fruit (Deadly Nightshade): A Case Report. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2013 Dec;41(6):226-8. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2013.43. Epub 2013 May 23. [Article]
- 13. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 159-161). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]
- External Links
- 89781
- Wikipedia
- Belladonna
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Urinary Tract Infection 1 4 Completed Prevention Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OABS) / Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS) / Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Urinary Urge Incontinence 1 4 Completed Treatment Hysterectomy / Postoperative pain 1 4 Completed Treatment Kidney Stones 1 4 Completed Treatment Pain 1 4 Completed Treatment Vaginal Surgery 1 4 Terminated Treatment Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OABS) 1 3 Recruiting Treatment Breast Cancer 1 Not Available Completed Supportive Care Surgery 1 Not Available Completed Treatment Pain 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, coated Oral Tincture Oral .03 % Suppository Rectal Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet Oral Tablet Pill 0.00045 g Suspension Pill Tablet - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Drug created on September 22, 2017 20:50 / Updated on September 18, 2021 03:33