Belladonna

Identification

Generic Name

Belladonna

DrugBank Accession Number

DB13913

Background

Belladonna, also known as atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, and mostly, Atropine. These alkaloids are naturally-occurring muscarinic antagonists. Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that is mainly used as an adjunct for anaesthesia. The name "belladonna" originates from the Italian words "beautiful woman" and the historical use of herb eye-drops by women to dilate the pupils of the eyes for aesthetic purposes. Belladonna is a poisonous plant and belladonna intoxication from accidental ingestion may result in a severe anticholinergic syndrome, which is associated with both central and peripheral manifestations ¹.

Type

Biotech

Groups

Approved, Experimental

Synonyms

Atropa belladona
Atropa belladonna
Deadly nightshade

Pharmacology

Indication

No therapeutic indications.

Reduce drug development failure rates

Build, train, & validate machine-learning models
with evidence-based and structured datasets.

Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.

Associated Conditions

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events

Improve clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.

Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.

Pharmacodynamics

The active components of belladonna mediate anticholinergic actions. The main effects include inhibition of secretions such as dry mouth, tachycardia, pupillary dilation and paralysis of accommodation, relaxation of smooth muscles in the gut, bronchi, biliary tract and bladder (urinary retention), and inhibition of gastric acid secretion ³. Atropine is a stimulant of the central nervous system ³.

Mechanism of action

The active components of belladonna act as competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors and block the binding of acetylcholine to the central nervous system and parasympathetic postganglionic muscarinic receptors ¹.

Absorption

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Volume of distribution

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Protein binding

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Metabolism

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Route of elimination

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Half-life

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Clearance

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Adverse Effects

Improve decision support & research outcomes

With structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.

Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.

Toxicity

Oral LD50 of atropine is 75 mg/kg in mouse. Clinical manifestations of anticholinergic syndrome include both central and peripheral effects. Central symptoms, which are dose-dependent and anticholinergic agent-specific, include ataxia, disorientation, short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, agitated delirium, seizures, coma, respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse ¹. Peripheral effects include mydriasis with cycloplegia, dry mucous membranes, hyperreflexia, flushed skin, diminished bowel sounds or ileus, urinary retention, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension ¹. Management of anticholinergic intoxication should be symptomatic including gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal ¹. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is Physostigmine, which is the same as for atropine ¹. Physosigmine crosses the blood-brain barrier and reversibly inhibits anticholinesterase. Benzodiazepines are frequently used for sedation to control anticholinergic effects including delirium and agitation ².

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
1,2-Benzodiazepine	1,2-Benzodiazepine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Acetazolamide	Acetazolamide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Acetophenazine	Acetophenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Aclidinium	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Belladonna is combined with Aclidinium.
Agomelatine	Agomelatine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Alfentanil	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Belladonna is combined with Alfentanil.
Alimemazine	Alimemazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Almotriptan	Almotriptan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Alosetron	Alosetron may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.
Alprazolam	Alprazolam may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Belladonna.

Identify potential medication risks

Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.

Get severity rating, description, and management advice.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

Drug product information from 10+ global regions

Our datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Belladone Tct	Tincture	.03 %	Oral	Laboratoire Atlas Inc	1951-12-31	2006-06-14

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
HE WEI PILL	Pill	0.00045 g		ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด ห้างขายยาลี้บ้วนซัว (ตราตกเบ็ด)	2010-07-09	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Bellergal Spacetabs	Belladonna (0.2 mg) + Ergotamine tartrate (0.6 mg) + Phenobarbital (40.0 mg)	Tablet, extended release	Oral	Paladin Labs Inc	1959-01-01	2018-06-05
Bellergal Tab	Belladonna (.1 mg / tab) + Ergotamine tartrate (.3 mg / tab) + Phenobarbital (20 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Sandoz	1951-12-31	1997-08-12
BIOGASTRIN TOZ, 60 G	Belladonna (20 mg) + Anise oil (5 mg) + Calcium carbonate (500 mg) + Kaolin (300 mg) + Sodium bicarbonate (250 mg)		Oral	BİOFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Cafergot Pb Sup	Belladonna (0.25 mg / sup) + Caffeine (100 mg / sup) + Ergotamine tartrate (2 mg / sup) + Pentobarbital (60 mg / sup)	Suppository	Rectal	Novartis	1958-12-31	2003-01-15
Cafergot Pb Tab	Belladonna (0.125 mg / tab) + Caffeine (100 mg / tab) + Ergotamine tartrate (1 mg / tab) + Pentobarbital Sodium (30 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Novartis	1951-12-31	1999-08-04
CARBON COMPOUND TABLET	Belladonna (6 mg) + Activated charcoal (100 mg) + Magnesium hydroxide (100 mg)	Tablet	Oral	BLENDFORTE TRADING COMPANY	1991-10-21	Not applicable
Hemorro-dol Sup	Belladonna (11.25 mg) + Balsam of Peru (22.6 mg) + Benzocaine (50 mg) + Bismuth subcarbonate (86.4 mg) + Bismuth subnitrate (37.8 mg) + Boric acid (226.7 mg) + Ephedrine sulfate (2.5 mg) + Zinc oxide (226.7 mg)	Suppository	Rectal	Produits Francais Labs Inc.	1981-12-31	1997-05-30
Opium and Belladonna Sup	Belladonna (15 mg) + Opium (65 mg)	Suppository	Rectal	Smithkline Beecham Pharma Division Of Smithkline Beecham Inc	1993-12-31	1998-07-28
PMS-opium and Belladona Sup	Belladonna (15 mg) + Opium (65 mg)	Suppository	Rectal	Pharmascience Inc	1991-12-31	2016-10-28
Robol Tab	Belladonna (5.4 mg / tab) + Alloin (16.2 mg / tab) + Ipecac (4.32 mg / tab) + Phenolphthalein (64.8 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Labs Anglo French	1979-12-31	1997-08-05

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (60 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	Padagis US LLC	1997-04-22	Not applicable
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	bryant ranch prepack	1994-05-01	Not applicable
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (60 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	Legacy Pharma Inc.	2020-04-29	Not applicable
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	bryant ranch prepack	1994-05-01	Not applicable
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	Padagis US LLC	1994-05-01	Not applicable
Belladonna and Opium	Belladonna (16.2 mg/1) + Opium (30 mg/1)	Suppository	Rectal	Legacy Pharma Inc.	2020-04-29	Not applicable

Categories

Drug Categories

Classification

Not classified

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: WQZ3G9PF0H
CAS number: Not Available

References

General References

Berdai MA, Labib S, Chetouani K, Harandou M: Atropa belladonna intoxication: a case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;11:72. Epub 2012 Apr 17. [Article]
Demirhan A, Tekelioglu UY, Yildiz I, Korkmaz T, Bilgi M, Akkaya A, Kocoglu H: Anticholinergic Toxic Syndrome Caused by Atropa Belladonna Fruit (Deadly Nightshade): A Case Report. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2013 Dec;41(6):226-8. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2013.43. Epub 2013 May 23. [Article]
13. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 159-161). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]

External Links

RxNav: 89781
Wikipedia: Belladonna

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Prevention	Neurogenic Bladder / Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OABS) / Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS) / Urinary Urge Incontinence	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Hysterectomy / Postoperative pain	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Kidney Stones	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Pain	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Urinary Tract Infection	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Vaginal Surgery	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OABS)	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Breast Cancer	1
Not Available	Completed	Supportive Care	Surgery	1
Not Available	Completed	Treatment	Pain	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Tablet, coated	Oral
Tincture	Oral	.03 %
Suppository	Rectal
Tablet, extended release	Oral
Tablet	Oral	6 mg
Tablet
Pill		0.00045 g
Tablet	Oral
Suspension
Pill
Tablet

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State: Solid
Experimental Properties: Not Available

Drug created at September 22, 2017 20:50 / Updated at December 10, 2022 03:33