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Identification
- Summary
Alfentanil is an opioid agonist used to induce and maintain anesthesia, as well as an analgesic.
- Brand Names
- Alfenta
- Generic Name
- Alfentanil
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00802
- Background
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of fentanyl. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Illicit
- Structure
Structure for Alfentanil (DB00802)
- Weight
- Average: 416.5172
Monoisotopic: 416.25358892 - Chemical Formula
- C21H32N6O3
- Synonyms
- Alfentanil
- Alfentanilo
- Alfentanilum
- Alfentanyl
- N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide
- External IDs
- IDS-NA-014
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the management of postoperative pain and the maintenance of general anesthesia.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Alfentanil is a synthetic opioid analgesic. Alfentanil interacts predominately with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. In clinical settings, alfentanil exerts its principal pharmacologic effects on the central nervous system. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Alfentanil may increase the patient's tolerance for pain and decrease the perception of suffering, although the presence of the pain itself may still be recognized. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Alfentanil depresses the respiratory centers, depresses the cough reflex, and constricts the pupils.
- Mechanism of action
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Alfentanil's analgesic activity is, most likely, due to its conversion to morphine. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
Target Actions Organism AMu-type opioid receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
For intravenous injection or infusion only.
- Volume of distribution
- 0.4 to 1 L/kg
- Protein binding
92%
- Metabolism
The liver is the major site of biotransformation.
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- Route of elimination
Only 1.0% of the dose is excreted as unchanged drug; urinary excretion is the major route of elimination of metabolites.
- Half-life
90-111 minutes
- Clearance
- 5 mL/kg/min
- Adverse Effects
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Symptoms of overexposure include characteristic rigidity of the skeletal muscles, cardiac and respiratory depression, and narrowing of the pupils.
- Pathways
Pathway Category Alfentanil Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfentanil is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Alfentanil can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Alfentanil can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Alfentanil can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib. Acebutolol Alfentanil may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Acebutolol. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Alfentanil hydrochloride 11S92G0TIW 70879-28-6 YYESXRRYBUERKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Rapifen (Janssen)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Alfenta Injection 500 ug/1mL Intravenous Taylor Pharmaceuticals 2008-02-25 Not applicable US 
Alfenta Inj 500mcg/ml Solution 500 mcg / mL Intravenous Janssen Pharmaceuticals 1988-12-31 2008-09-05 Canada 
Alfentanil Injection 500 ug/1mL Intravenous Akorn 2013-07-19 Not applicable US Alfentanil Hydrochloride Injection 500 ug/1mL Intravenous Akorn 2010-02-01 2025-04-30 US Alfentanil Injection USP Solution 500 mcg / mL Intravenous Sandoz Canada Incorporated 2004-11-01 2019-08-01 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Alfentanil Hydrochloride Injection, solution 500 ug/1mL Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2006-02-20 2021-05-01 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N01AH02 — Alfentanil
- Drug Categories
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Analgesics
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics, General
- Anesthetics, Intravenous
- Bradycardia-Causing Agents
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues
- High-risk opioids
- Narcotics
- Nervous System
- Opiate Agonists
- Opioid Agonist
- Opioid Anesthetics
- Opioids
- Opioids, Anilidopiperidine
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Phenylpiperidine opioids
- Piperidines
- Sensory System Agents
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anilides. These are organic heterocyclic compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l not 0) by replacing an OH group by the NHPh group or derivative formed by ring substitution.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Anilides
- Direct Parent
- Anilides
- Alternative Parents
- Piperidines / Tetrazoles / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Trialkylamines / Amino acids and derivatives / Dialkyl ethers / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic oxides show 2 more
- Substituents
- Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Anilide / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative / Dialkyl ether show 15 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- piperidines, monocarboxylic acid amide (CHEBI:2569)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 1N74HM2BS7
- CAS number
- 71195-58-9
- InChI Key
- IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C21H32N6O3/c1-4-19(28)27(18-9-7-6-8-10-18)21(17-30-3)11-13-24(14-12-21)15-16-26-20(29)25(5-2)22-23-26/h6-10H,4-5,11-17H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Name
- N-{1-[2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-(methoxymethyl)piperidin-4-yl}-N-phenylpropanamide
- SMILES
- CCN1N=NN(CCN2CCC(COC)(CC2)N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2)C1=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Jacob Mathew, J. Killgore, "New methods for the synthesis of alfentanil, sufentanil, and remifentanil." U.S. Patent US20060149071, issued July 06, 2006.
US20060149071- General References
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014940
- KEGG Drug
- D07122
- KEGG Compound
- C08005
- PubChem Compound
- 51263
- PubChem Substance
- 46505618
- ChemSpider
- 46451
- BindingDB
- 83450
- 480
- ChEBI
- 2569
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL634
- ZINC
- ZINC000000601281
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001134
- PharmGKB
- PA448084
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Alfentanil
- MSDS
- Download (51.3 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Akorn inc
- Hospira inc
- Packagers
- Akorn Inc.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Hospira Inc.
- Taylor Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection Intravenous 500 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 500 ug/1mL Solution Intravenous 500 mcg / mL Injection, solution Injection, solution Parenteral 0.5 mg/ml Injection Parenteral 0.5 mg/ml Injection, solution Intravenous 0.5 mg/ml Injection Intravenous 0.5 mg/ml - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Alfenta 500 mcg/ml ampul 5.26USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 140.8 Janssens, F.; US. Patent 4,167,574; September 11, 1979; assigned to Janssen Pharmaceutica NV. water solubility 34.6 mg/L Not Available logP 2.16 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.252 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.2 ALOGPS logP 2.81 Chemaxon logS -3.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.5 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 81.05 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 9 Chemaxon Refractivity 118.59 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 45.56 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9957 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9396 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5368 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7156 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.8809 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8381 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.7077 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7897 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9115 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7407 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9067 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6051 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9003 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5591 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6691 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.6692 Ames test AMES toxic 0.5858 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7729 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9877 Rat acute toxicity 2.9997 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Strong inhibitor 0.6413 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.5893
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 208.5222055 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 191.95323 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 208.5472055 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 194.50354 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 209.2824055 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 202.86462 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin (PubMed:10529478, PubMed:12589820, PubMed:7891175, PubMed:7905839, PubMed:7957926, PubMed:9689128). Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone (PubMed:10529478, PubMed:10836142, PubMed:12589820, PubMed:19300905, PubMed:7891175, PubMed:7905839, PubMed:7957926, PubMed:9689128). Also activated by enkephalin peptides, such as Met-enkephalin or Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, with higher affinity for Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (By similarity). Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors (PubMed:7905839). The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15 (PubMed:12068084). They mediate an array of downstream cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulation of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins (By similarity). The selective temporal coupling to G-proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4 (By similarity). Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization (By similarity). Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G-protein thus terminating signal transduction (By similarity). The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins (By similarity). The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G-protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation (By similarity). Acts as a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which dissociates from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergoes rapid recycling (By similarity). Receptor down-regulation pathways are varying with the agonist and occur dependent or independent of G-protein coupling (By similarity). Endogenous ligands induce rapid desensitization, endocytosis and recycling (By similarity). Heterooligomerization with other GPCRs can modulate agonist binding, signaling and trafficking properties (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Beta-endorphin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- OPRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P35372
- Uniprot Name
- Mu-type opioid receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44778.855 Da
References
- Garrido M, Gubbens-Stibbe J, Tukker E, Cox E, von Frijtag J, Kunzel D, IJzerman A, Danhof M, van der Graaf PH: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of the EEG effect of alfentanil in rats following beta-funaltrexamine-induced mu-opioid receptor "knockdown" in vivo. Pharm Res. 2000 Jun;17(6):653-9. [Article]
- Lotsch J, Geisslinger G: Are mu-opioid receptor polymorphisms important for clinical opioid therapy? Trends Mol Med. 2005 Feb;11(2):82-9. [Article]
- Oertel BG, Schmidt R, Schneider A, Geisslinger G, Lotsch J: The mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism 118A>G depletes alfentanil-induced analgesia and protects against respiratory depression in homozygous carriers. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2006 Sep;16(9):625-36. [Article]
- Leung A, Wallace MS, Ridgeway B, Yaksh T: Concentration-effect relationship of intravenous alfentanil and ketamine on peripheral neurosensory thresholds, allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2001 Mar;91(1-2):177-87. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Klees TM, Sheffels P, Dale O, Kharasch ED: Metabolism of alfentanil by cytochrome p4503a (cyp3a) enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Mar;33(3):303-11. Epub 2004 Nov 22. [Article]
- Kharasch ED, Jubert C, Senn T, Bowdle TA, Thummel KE: Intraindividual variability in male hepatic CYP3A4 activity assessed by alfentanil and midazolam clearance. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;39(7):664-9. [Article]
- Klees TM, Sheffels P, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED: Pharmacogenetic determinants of human liver microsomal alfentanil metabolism and the role of cytochrome P450 3A5. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar;102(3):550-6. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes 6beta-hydroxylation of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione (PubMed:2732228). Catalyzes the oxidative conversion of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including calcium channel blocking drug nifedipine and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (PubMed:2732228)
- Specific Function
- Aromatase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Klees TM, Sheffels P, Dale O, Kharasch ED: Metabolism of alfentanil by cytochrome p4503a (cyp3a) enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Mar;33(3):303-11. Epub 2004 Nov 22. [Article]
- Klees TM, Sheffels P, Thummel KE, Kharasch ED: Pharmacogenetic determinants of human liver microsomal alfentanil metabolism and the role of cytochrome P450 3A5. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar;102(3):550-6. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins during embryogenesis (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA), a precursor in the biosynthesis of androgen and estrogen steroid hormones (PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1), particularly D-ring hydroxylated estrone at the C16-alpha position (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Mainly hydroxylates all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in atRA clearance during fetal development (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics including anticonvulsants (PubMed:9555064)
- Specific Function
- All-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57469.95 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Functions as a transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in the body. Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- ORM1
- Uniprot ID
- P02763
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 23539.43 Da
References
- Belpaire FM, Bogaert MG: Binding of alfentanil to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, albumin and serum. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1991 Mar;29(3):96-102. [Article]
- Kumar K, Crankshaw DP, Morgan DJ, Beemer GH: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma protein binding of alfentanil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;35(1):47-52. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Binds water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (PubMed:19021548). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium at residue Asp-273 suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (PubMed:6234017). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (PubMed:6234017)
- Specific Function
- Antioxidant activity
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Belpaire FM, Bogaert MG: Binding of alfentanil to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, albumin and serum. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1991 Mar;29(3):96-102. [Article]
- Kumar K, Crankshaw DP, Morgan DJ, Beemer GH: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma protein binding of alfentanil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;35(1):47-52. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- Abc-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Wandel C, Kim R, Wood M, Wood A: Interaction of morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and loperamide with the efflux drug transporter P-glycoprotein. Anesthesiology. 2002 Apr;96(4):913-20. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 15, 2024 21:55