Lanadelumab

Identification

Summary

Lanadelumab is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor used to treat attacks of hereditary angioedema.

Brand Names
Takhzyro
Generic Name
Lanadelumab
DrugBank Accession Number
DB14597
Background

Lanadelumab, also known as DX-2930, is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed for subcutaneous self-injection.6 It is a fully human immunoglobulin, k-light-chain made in recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary cells.5 The FDA and EU granted the designation of priority review, breakthrough therapy and orphan drug for rare diseases based on the results of the reported clinical trials.1 Lanadelumab was developed by Shire and FDA approved on August 28, 2018.5

Type
Biotech
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Biologic Classification
Protein Based Therapies
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Protein Structure
Protein Chemical Formula
C6468H10016N1728O2012S47
Protein Average Weight
146000.0 Da
Sequences
>Heavy chain
EVQLLESGGGLVQPGGSLRLSCAASGFTFSHYIMMWVRQAPGKGLEWVSGIYSSGGITVY
ADSVKGRFTISRDNSKNTLYLQMNSLRAEDTAVYYCAYRRIGVPRRDEFDIWGQGTMVTV
SSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQ
SSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELL
GGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQ
YNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSR
EEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKS
RWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG
>Light chain
DIQMTQSPSTLSASVGDRVTITCRASQSISSWLAWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYKASTLESGVPS
RFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQPDDFATYYCQQYNTYWTFGQGTKVEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPS
DEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTL
SKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
Download FASTA Format
Synonyms
  • Lanadelumab
  • Lanadelumab-flyo
External IDs
  • DX-2930

Pharmacology

Indication

Lanadelumab is indicated for the prophylaxis treatment to prevent attacks in adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with hereditary angioedema.9

The hereditary angioedema (HEA) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulted from the presence of C1 deficiency. Some reports have indicated a high prevalence of cases that result from spontaneous mutations which can be inherited. This condition is manifested by attacks of subcutaneous or submucosal edema in the face, larynx, GI tract, limbs or genitalia. From all the types of attacks, the most serious is the laryngeal as it can compromise the airway. The rest of the attacks are accompanied by pain and considerable dysfunction.4

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Associated Conditions
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

In phase 1 studies, the level of kininogen, the substrate of kallikrein, was studied as a marker of kallikrein activity. In patients with C1 deficiency, the level of cleaved kininogen is 4-fold higher when compared with C1-normal individuals. When lanadelumab was administered, the levels of cleaved kininogen were significantly reduced with a dose of 300 and 400 mg of lanadelumab with a maximum reduction at day 22 corresponding with time for maximum concentration. This maximum reduction corresponded with the normal levels of cleaved kininogen. Similarly, the decreases of cleaved kininogen corresponded as well with reductions in the levels of the activated factor XII.2

Clinically, the attacks of angioedema completely vanished in the patients receiving a dose of 300 mg of lanadelumab. In other doses such as 400 mg and combo 300/400 mg the attack reduction reached 90%.2

In phase 3 clinical trials (HELP study, lanadelumab showed an attack rate reduction of over 70% for all three different dose regimes.1

Mechanism of action

Lanadelumab is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor. This enzyme works by cleaving high molecular weight kininogen to generate the pro-inflammatory peptide bradykinin which is a potent vasodilator. The activity of plasma kallikrein is regulated by the activity of C1-inhibitor and thus, the patients that are deficient in C1 are known to be correlated to excessive production of bradykinin which will further lead to fatal angioedema.3 Hence, lanadelumab occludes the proteolytic active site of plasma kallikrein, preventing the cleavage of kininogen to bradykinin. It is a selective inhibitor as it has been reported that lanadelumab does not bind to prekallikrein or to inhibit any other serine proteases.4 The activity of lanadelumab works as an additional checkpoint for the patients suffering from C1 deficiency.

TargetActionsOrganism
APlasma kallikrein
inhibitor
regulator
Humans
Absorption

The drug levels of lanadelumab are dose-dependent and thus, the maximum plasma concentration increased correspondingly with an increased dosage. The Cmax and AUC ranged from 3800 to 45000 ng/ml and from 64000 to 762000 ng.day/ml respectively for concentrations from 30 to 400 mg. As well, sustained quantifiable drug concentration was observed through day 120.2 The bioavailability of lanadelumab is of approximately 66% with a time to reach peak drug concentration of approximately 7 days.4

Volume of distribution

The reported volume of distribution of lanadelumab is in the range of 12 to 16 L which variates according to the dose administered.4

Protein binding

General information on plasma protein binding is not available but it is considered that, as the site of action is with plasma proteins, the percentage of protein binding should be significant.

Metabolism

Because lanadelumab is a protein, it is expected to be degraded into small peptides and amino acids by proteolytic enzymes.

Route of elimination

The main excretion is thought to be done in the urine but this has not been confirmed and further studies are required.

Half-life

Lanadelumab has a prolonged half-life which is typical of a human monoclonal antibody and it ranged from 13.8 to 15 days.2

Clearance

The apparent total plasma clearance after extravascular administration ranges between 18 and 25 ml/h.2

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

In clinical trials, the apparition of antidrug antibodies was noT significant and from those who expressed it, none were neutralizing.2 No significant toxicities related to the administration of lanadelumab have been reported.4

Studies regarding the carcinogenic potential or overdosage effect have not been performed. Published literature supports bradykinin, which is elevated in HAE, as a pro-tumorigenic molecule. However, the malignancy risk in humans from an antibody that inhibits plasma kallikrein activity, such as lanadelumab-flyo, which lowers bradykinin levels, is currently unknown.9 There are no available data on TAKHZYRO use in pregnant women to inform of any drug-associated risks. Monoclonal antibodies such as lanadelumab-flyo are transported across the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy; therefore, potential effects on a fetus are likely to be greater during the third trimester of pregnancy. An enhanced pre-and postnatal development (ePPND) study conducted in pregnant monkeys at doses resulting in exposures of up to 33 times the exposure achieved (on an AUC basis) at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) revealed no evidence of harm to the developing fetus.9

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbciximabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AdalimumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AducanumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aducanumab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AlemtuzumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AlirocumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alirocumab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AmivantamabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lanadelumab is combined with Amivantamab.
AnifrolumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anifrolumab is combined with Lanadelumab.
AnsuvimabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Lanadelumab is combined with Ansuvimab.
Anthrax immune globulin humanThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Anthrax immune globulin human is combined with Lanadelumab.
Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse)The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin (horse) is combined with Lanadelumab.
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Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mg/2mLSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.2018-08-24Not applicableUS flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag
TakhzyroSolution300 mg/2mLSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.2022-02-08Not applicableUS flag
TakhzyroSolution300 mg / 2 mLSubcutaneousTakeda2021-01-18Not applicableCanada flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag
TakhzyroSolution300 mg / 2 mLSubcutaneousTakeda2018-10-31Not applicableCanada flag
TakhzyroInjection, solution300 mgSubcutaneousTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Ag Ireland Branch2021-01-28Not applicableEU flag

Categories

ATC Codes
B06AC05 — Lanadelumab
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
Not Available
Kingdom
Organic Compounds
Super Class
Organic Acids
Class
Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub Class
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct Parent
Peptides
Alternative Parents
Not Available
Substituents
Not Available
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
2372V1TKXK
CAS number
1426055-14-2

References

General References
  1. Kaplon H, Reichert JM: Antibodies to watch in 2018. MAbs. 2018 Feb/Mar;10(2):183-203. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1415671. Epub 2018 Jan 16. [Article]
  2. Banerji A, Busse P, Shennak M, Lumry W, Davis-Lorton M, Wedner HJ, Jacobs J, Baker J, Bernstein JA, Lockey R, Li HH, Craig T, Cicardi M, Riedl M, Al-Ghazawi A, Soo C, Iarrobino R, Sexton DJ, TenHoor C, Kenniston JA, Faucette R, Still JG, Kushner H, Mensah R, Stevens C, Biedenkapp JC, Chyung Y, Adelman B: Inhibiting Plasma Kallikrein for Hereditary Angioedema Prophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 23;376(8):717-728. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1605767. [Article]
  3. Reichert JM: Antibodies to watch in 2017. MAbs. 2017 Feb/Mar;9(2):167-181. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1269580. Epub 2016 Dec 14. [Article]
  4. Chyung Y, Vince B, Iarrobino R, Sexton D, Kenniston J, Faucette R, TenHoor C, Stolz LE, Stevens C, Biedenkapp J, Adelman B: A phase 1 study investigating DX-2930 in healthy subjects. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014 Oct;113(4):460-6.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.028. Epub 2014 Jun 26. [Article]
  5. FDA news [Link]
  6. Globalnews [Link]
  7. NIH [Link]
  8. FDA Approved Drug Products: TAKHZYRO (lanadelumab-flyo) injection [Link]
  9. FDA Approved Drug Products: TAKHZYRO® (lanadelumab-flyo) injection, for subcutaneous use (February 2023) [Link]
  10. WHO sequence of lanadelumab [File]
RxNav
2055640
Wikipedia
Lanadelumab
FDA label
Download (73.1 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
3CompletedPreventionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)1
3CompletedPreventionHereditary Angioedema (HAE)2
3CompletedTreatmentAngioedema1
3CompletedTreatmentAngioedema / Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)1
3CompletedTreatmentCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19)1
3CompletedTreatmentHereditary Angioedema (HAE)2
3RecruitingTreatmentHereditary Angioedema (HAE)1
2RecruitingPreventionComplication of Hemodialysis / Hypotension of Hemodialysis1
2RecruitingTreatmentHereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases1
1CompletedTreatmentHealthy Subjects (HS)3

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionParenteral; Subcutaneous300 MG
Injection, solutionSubcutaneous300 mg
Injection, solutionSubcutaneous300 mg/2mL
SolutionSubcutaneous150 mg/1mL
SolutionSubcutaneous300 mg/2mL
SolutionSubcutaneous300 mg / 2 mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)80-90 ºC (based on IgG properties)McConnell A., et al. (2014). MAbs. Sep-Oct; 6 (5); 1274-1282
boiling point (°C)Fab and Fc domains denaturates at 60 and 70 ºC respectivelyArnoldus W. et al. (2000). Biophysical Journal. Vol 78. 394-404
water solubility50 mg/mlHuman IgG purified. Product Information
isoelectric point6.1-8.5 Agrisera Information about IgG antibodies.

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
Regulator
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function
The enzyme cleaves Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser bonds. It activates, in a reciprocal reaction, factor XII after its binding to a negatively charged surface. It also releases bradykinin from HMW kininogen an...
Gene Name
KLKB1
Uniprot ID
P03952
Uniprot Name
Plasma kallikrein
Molecular Weight
71369.205 Da
References
  1. Reichert JM: Antibodies to watch in 2017. MAbs. 2017 Feb/Mar;9(2):167-181. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1269580. Epub 2016 Dec 14. [Article]
  2. Riedl MA, Bernstein JA, Craig T, Banerji A, Magerl M, Cicardi M, Longhurst HJ, Shennak MM, Yang WH, Schranz J, Baptista J, Busse PJ: An open-label study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of lanadelumab for prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema: design of the HELP study extension. Clin Transl Allergy. 2017 Oct 6;7:36. doi: 10.1186/s13601-017-0172-9. eCollection 2017. [Article]
  3. Banerji A, Busse P, Shennak M, Lumry W, Davis-Lorton M, Wedner HJ, Jacobs J, Baker J, Bernstein JA, Lockey R, Li HH, Craig T, Cicardi M, Riedl M, Al-Ghazawi A, Soo C, Iarrobino R, Sexton DJ, TenHoor C, Kenniston JA, Faucette R, Still JG, Kushner H, Mensah R, Stevens C, Biedenkapp JC, Chyung Y, Adelman B: Inhibiting Plasma Kallikrein for Hereditary Angioedema Prophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 23;376(8):717-728. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1605767. [Article]
  4. Wu MA: Lanadelumab for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2019 Dec;19(12):1233-1245. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1685490. Epub 2019 Nov 4. [Article]

Drug created at August 24, 2018 16:28 / Updated at March 18, 2023 08:02