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Displaying results 131 - 140 of 134683 in total
  1. Pathway

    Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000124
    Metabolic

    The glycerol phosphate shuttle also known as the glycerophosphate shuttle. It shuttles electrons to mitochondrial carriers in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway from cytosolic NADH. … This shuttle relies on mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH). This is also a common process for the cell to regenerate cytosolic NAD+ for other processes.

    Drugs: NADH · D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate · sn-glycerol 3-phosphate · Flavin adenine dinucleotide · Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
    Enzymes: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic
  2. Pathway

    Bromocriptine Mechanism of Action Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126674
    Drug action

    Inhibition of MAPK appears to be mediated by c-Raf and B-Raf-dependent inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase. … Additionally, receptor activation blocks phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and decreases MAPK/ERK kinase phosphorylation.

    Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tyrosine · Dopamine · Bromocriptine · Levodopa · Calcium +2 more
    Enzymes: Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
  3. Pathway

    Acebutolol Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000296
    Drug action

    Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) can activate β1 adrenergic receptor so that the heart rate and output will be increased. … Acebutolol (also known as Sectral or Prent) is a selective β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta blocker), which can be used for treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) and irregular heartbeats

    Drugs: ATP · Acebutolol · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  4. Pathway

    Penbutolol Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000305
    Drug action

    , heart rate and cardiac output. … In juxtaglomerular apparatus, penbutolol can prevent the production of aldosterone and angiotensin II by inhibiting renin production, which lead to prevention of water retention and vasoconstriction.

    Drugs: ATP · Potassium cation · Penbutolol · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  5. Pathway

    Lidocaine (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000328
    Drug action

    Sodium channels then close and rapidly activated potassium channels such as the voltage-gated transient outward delayed rectifying potassium channel (I-Kto) and the voltage-gated ultra rapid delayed rectifying … Membrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium

    Drugs: NADH · ATP · Lidocaine · Potassium cation · Calcium · Mesoheme +1 more
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  6. Pathway

    Mexiletine Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000329
    Drug action

    Sodium channels then close and rapidly activated potassium channels such as the voltage-gated transient outward delayed rectifying potassium channel (I-Kto) and the voltage-gated ultra rapid delayed rectifying … Membrane ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium ATPase and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX), maintain low intracellular sodium (5 mM) and calcium (100 nM) concentrations and high intracellular potassium

    Drugs: ATP · Mexiletine · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  7. Pathway

    Carvedilol Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000367
    Drug action

    Carvedilol, trade name Coreg, is a nonselective beta-blocker that blocks both alpha and beta receptors of the heart and blood vessels. … Its activity decreases heart rate, myocardial contractility and oxygen demand and decreases vascular resistance.

    Drugs: ATP · Carvedilol · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  8. Pathway

    Amlodipine Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000376
    Drug action

    Amlodipine inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle to bind calmodulin. … Amlodipine has arterial selectivity due to alternative splicing of the channel and has little effect on cardiac muscle.

    Drugs: ATP · Amlodipine · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  9. Pathway

    Nitrendipine Action Pathway

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000382
    Drug action

    Without calcium ions in muscle cell, calmodulin couldn't form the calcium-bound calmodulin, which is required for binding and activating MLCK. … Activated mysoin light chain kinase (MLCK) is required for muscle contraction since it can catalyze the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain subunit of myosin.

    Drugs: ATP · Nitrendipine · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4
  10. Pathway

    Striated Muscle Contraction

    smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000588
    Physiological

    and the sodium/potassium channels to be opened. … The fast influx of sodium and slow efflux of potassium through the channel causes depolarization.

    Drugs: ATP · Potassium cation · Calcium
    Enzymes: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4