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Astemizole
go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00637ApprovedWithdrawnIt was withdrawn from market by the manufacturer in 1999 due to the potential to cause arrhythmias at high doses, especially when when taken with CYP inhibitors or grapefruit juice. … Astemizole is a long-acting, non-sedating second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of allergy symptoms.
Categories: Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-SedatingProducts: Hismanal Suspension 2mg/ml, Hismanal Tab 10mgRisperidone
go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00734ApprovedInvestigational[L12885] Schizophrenia and various mood disorders are thought to be caused by an excess of dopaminergic D2 and serotonergic 5-HT2A activity, resulting in overactivity of central mesolimbic pathways … Risperidone is thought to reduce this overactivity through inhibition of dopaminergic D2 receptors and serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors in the brain.
Categories: Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin SyndromeProducts: RISPERDAL CONSTA 25MG, Nu-risperidoneApoptotic DNA Fragmentation and Tissue Homeostasis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0063772SignalingICAD and CAD exist in the nucleus in normal cells and is a major endonuclease in apoptosis. Its activation is normally caspase dependent. … EndoG resides in mitochondria in normal cells and travels to the nucleus, where it fragments chromosomal DNA upon activation of apoptosis.
Drugs: ZincMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Creatinine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123283MetabolicIf not cleared, it can reduce cardiomyocyte contractility and weaken cardiac efficiency, leading to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. … Arginine from the diet is absorbed into systemic circulation and enters hepatocytes through an amino acid transporter, where it undergoes a series of metabolic reactions.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124865MetabolicThe purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … Xanthine then enters the blood where it can have detrimental effects on other organs such as the kidney (causing renal failure) and the blood vessel (causing endothelial dysfunction).
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Kynurenine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125524DiseaseIn the blood it travels to the liver and is transported into a hepatocyte by an amino acid transporter. … Kynurenine is shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors that can lead to renal impairment, apoptosis, and kynurenine has also been found to disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBATMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Isovalerylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126748Metabolicits isomer, pivaloylcarnitine; pivaloylcarnitine is derived from pivalate-generating antibiotics, and has caused many false-positive results. … important to caution for false positive results when screening for isovaleric acidemia by tandem mass spectrometry based on dried blood-spot levels of C5-acylcarnitines, including isovalerylcarnitine and
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Tiglylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126840MetabolicTiglylglycine is an intermediate product of the catabolism of isoleucine. … An elevated level of tiglylglycine is identified in urine of patients with beta-ketothiolase deficiency or with disorders of propionate metabolism.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Citrulline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126861MetabolicCitrulline has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as epazotes, lotus, common buckwheats, strawberry guava, and italian sweet red peppers. … wax beans, and potato.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Putrescine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123276MetabolicWhile putrescine is important for interactions and processes involving, DNA, RNA and proteins, at high levels it is also a protein bound uremic toxin found in the body that can inhibit erythropoietin production … Like other polyamines such as spermidine and spermine, putrescine can also be obtained directly from diet as well.