Identification
- Generic Name
- Guanine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB02377
- Background
Not Available
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Experimental
- Structure
Structure for Guanine (DB02377)
- Weight
- Average: 151.1261
Monoisotopic: 151.049409807 - Chemical Formula
- C5H5N5O
- Synonyms
- Not Available
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UPurine nucleoside phosphorylase Not Available Humans UPurine nucleoside phosphorylase 2 Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UXanthine phosphoribosyltransferase Not Available Escherichia coli (strain K12) UGTP cyclohydrolase 1 inhibitorHumans UPurine nucleoside phosphorylase Not Available Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099) - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
Pathway Category Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency Disease Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria) Disease Xanthinuria Type I Disease Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome Disease Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency Disease Purine Metabolism Metabolic Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency Disease Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS) Disease Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome Disease Mercaptopurine Action Pathway Drug action Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT) Disease Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency Disease AICA-Ribosiduria Disease Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Disease Azathioprine Action Pathway Drug action Thioguanine Action Pathway Drug action Xanthinuria Type II Disease - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The therapeutic efficacy of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when used in combination with Guanine. Acebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acebutolol is combined with Guanine. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Guanine which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Adalimumab The serum concentration of Guanine can be decreased when it is combined with Adalimumab. Adenosine The therapeutic efficacy of Adenosine can be decreased when used in combination with Guanine. Allopurinol The serum concentration of Guanine can be increased when it is combined with Allopurinol. Alprazolam The therapeutic efficacy of Alprazolam can be decreased when used in combination with Guanine. Amiodarone The serum concentration of Guanine can be increased when it is combined with Amiodarone. Amobarbital The serum concentration of Guanine can be decreased when it is combined with Amobarbital. Amphetamine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Amphetamine is combined with Guanine. 
Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purines and purine derivatives. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Imidazopyrimidines
- Sub Class
- Purines and purine derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Purines and purine derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Hydroxypyrimidines / Imidazoles / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Hydroxypyrimidine / Imidazole / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- oxopurine, 2-aminopurines, purine nucleobase (CHEBI:16235) / purines (C00242) / a purine base, a purine (GUANINE)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 5Z93L87A1R
- CAS number
- 73-40-5
- InChI Key
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-amino-6,7-dihydro-3H-purin-6-one
- SMILES
- NC1=NC(=O)C2=C(N1)N=CN2
References
- Synthesis Reference
Takeo Suzuki, Toshihide Nakanishi, "(2'-Amino-2'-deoxypentofuranosyl) guanine and process for producing same." U.S. Patent US3987030, issued April, 1966.
US3987030- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000132
- KEGG Compound
- C00242
- PubChem Compound
- 764
- PubChem Substance
- 46507057
- ChemSpider
- 744
- BindingDB
- 50200094
- 1372539
- ChEBI
- 16235
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL219568
- ZINC
- ZINC000000895129
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DNC000709
- PDBe Ligand
- GUN
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Guanine
- PDB Entries
- 1a95 / 1d6a / 1it7 / 1sql / 1ulb / 1v2h / 1vmk / 1wet / 1xe7 / 1xt4 … show 50 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 1 Completed Treatment Healthy Adult Subjects 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
- Not Available
- Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 360 dec °C PhysProp water solubility 2080 mg/L (at 37 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP -0.91 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 2.31 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.92 ALOGPS logP -0.59 ChemAxon logS -1.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.13 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 3.42 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 96.16 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 38.9 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 13.34 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 2 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9948 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9672 Caco-2 permeable - 0.643 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.6965 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9429 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9564 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8827 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8436 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8044 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6861 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7982 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9503 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9109 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8364 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8664 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9747 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.591 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9624 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9618 Rat acute toxicity 2.3231 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.961 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9226
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
- Specific Function
- The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine ...
- Gene Name
- PNP
- Uniprot ID
- P00491
- Uniprot Name
- Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
- Molecular Weight
- 32117.69 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
- Specific Function
- The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine ...
- Gene Name
- xapA
- Uniprot ID
- P45563
- Uniprot Name
- Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 29834.38 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity
- Specific Function
- Acts on guanine, xanthine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine.
- Gene Name
- gpt
- Uniprot ID
- P0A9M5
- Uniprot Name
- Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
- Molecular Weight
- 16970.455 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Positively regulates nitric oxide synthesis in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). May be involved in dopamine synthesis. May modify pain sensitivity and persistence. Isoform GCH-1 is the fu...
- Gene Name
- GCH1
- Uniprot ID
- P30793
- Uniprot Name
- GTP cyclohydrolase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 27902.855 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Thermotoga maritima (strain ATCC 43589 / MSB8 / DSM 3109 / JCM 10099)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
- Specific Function
- The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine ...
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- Q9X1T2
- Uniprot Name
- Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
- Molecular Weight
- 29172.84 Da
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at July 02, 2020 13:15