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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Putrescine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123276MetabolicAfter being transported into gut microbes, arginine undergoes 2 reactions with the enzymes Arginase and Ornithine Decarboxylase to form putrescine. … Putrescine is an aliphatic amine that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from the amino acid arginine which is acquired from foods that are high in protein.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Xanthosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124866MetabolicAdenosine then reacts with water to form inosine and ammonia using the enzyme adenosine deaminase. Inosine goes on to form hypoxanthine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase. … The purines are guanine and adenine. These undergo metabolism in the liver to form xanthosine. Adenine forms adenosine through the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Uridine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124871MetabolicL-glutamine is obtained form protein sources in the diet and is metabolized to uridine in the liver. … More specifically, uridine is a nucleoside consisting of uracil and D-ribose and a component of RNA.
Enzymes: Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000036MetabolicD-Amino acids have been show to be present in high concentrations in humans and play a role in biological functions. … DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. Acidic amino acids are not catalyze by DAOO.
Enzymes: D-amino-acid oxidaseMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglutamine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123208MetabolicPhenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine react to form phenylacetylglutamine and coenzyme A. … acid.
Drugs: Phenylalanine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate · ATP · Magnesium cation · Phenylpyruvic acid +1 moreEnzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123255MetabolicPhenol is shown to cause cardiovascular disease and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative stress. … After being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase to form phenol.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Choline
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124739MetabolicCholine is obtained from foods like poultry, meat, fish, dairy and eggs. … TMAO has negative effects on organs such as the heart, kidney and vascular system by contributing to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and kidney disease.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Dimethylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124873MetabolicDimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. … Dimethylglycine enters the bloodstream and can cause toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
Drugs: Choline · Methionine · NADH · Zinc · N,N-dimethylglycine · Flavin adenine dinucleotide +1 moreMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenylacetylglycine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126858MetabolicPhenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. … Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, possessing a honey-like odour in low concentrations, and is also used in penicillin G production. PAG is a putative biomarker of phospholipidosis.
Drugs: GlycineMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123227MetabolicPhenyl glucuronide is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a glucuronidation reaction in liver hepatic cells. … After being transported into gut microbes, tyrosine undergoes a reaction with the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase to form phenol.