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Intracellular Signalling Through Histamine H2 Receptor and Histamine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000335SignalingHistamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that is involved in local immune responses and it is a neurotransmitter for brain. … Histamine can mediate various actions by interacting with histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3 and H4).
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl glucoside (indican)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124742MetabolicIt is also shown to cause vascular calcification and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … Indoxyl glucoside (indican) is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Phsyiological Effects of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124747MetabolicL-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. … This elevates blood pressure, causes vasoconstriction, impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation, and increases endothelial cell adhesiveness.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0124764MetabolicL-arginine is obtained from protein-rich foods like red meat, poultry, dairy and eggs. It is absorbed in the intestine to the blood. … It enters cells in the body and is metabolized to SDMA via the enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase-5 or protein arginine methyltransferase-7.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of β-Hydroxybutyric acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126987Metabolicelectron transport chain and other redox reactions. β-Hydroxybutyrate is the most abundant of the ketone bodies, followed by acetoacetate and finally acetone … Glucose is metabolized into pyruvate through glycolysis in the cytoplasm, and pyruvate is completely oxidized to generate ATP through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria.
Intracellular Signalling Through Adenosine Receptor A2b and Adenosine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000321SignalingAdenosine is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Stimulation of A2B can induce production of interleukin-8 mast cells. The adenosine receptor A2b activates G(s) proteins which lead to the activation of adenylyl cycla...
Drugs: ATP · Adenosine · Magnesium cation · Zinc · Cyclic adenosine monophosphate · Pyrophosphoric acidMetabolism and Physiological Effects of 2-Aminobenzoic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126869DiseaseUremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. … Kynureninase catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid (AA) (which is also known as 2-Aminobenzoic acid) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBATMetabolism and Physiological Effects of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0126879Metabolic, and C. propionicum. l-tyrosine, derived from diet and endogenous proteins and peptides, can be converted to phenol and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. … , Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Proteus.
Intracellular Signalling Through PGD2 receptor and Prostaglandin D2
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000343SignalingPGD is the major prostanoid released from human mast cells upon immunological challenge. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) can trigger asthmatic responses by acting as a cell-derived mediator in mice. The PGD receptor activates G(s) proteins which...
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indole Acetic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123235MetabolicIndole acetic acid is shown to cause inflammation and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … After being transported into gut microbes, tryptophan undergoes a reaction with the enzymes tryptophan monooxygenase and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase to form indole acetic acid.
Drugs: Tryptophan